COVID-19’UN KOKU ALMA FONKSİYONU VE KOKU İLE İLİŞKİLİ YAŞAM KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ VE YEME DAVRANIŞI İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Amaç: Coronavirüs 2019 hastalığı (COVID-19) iyileşme sonrasında da devam edebilen koku ve tat bozukluklarına sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; COVID-19’un, koku alma fonksiyonu ve koku ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesine (KYK) etkisi ve yeme davranışı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu analitik çalışma; üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne Ocak-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri kişilerden, son 2-6 ay içerisinde COVID-19 geçirmiş ve tanı konmuş yeme bozukluğu olmayanlar ile gerçekleştirildi. Verilerin elde edilmesinde; Hasta Bilgi Formu, Koku Alma Fonksiyonu ve Koku İle İlişkili Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ASOF) ve Hollanda Yeme Davranış Anketi (HYDA) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma yaş ortalaması 39.71±13.40 yıl olan 316 kişi ile gerçekleştirildi. ASOF alt boyutlarından alınan ortalama puanlar; bildirilen genel koku alma kapasitesi (BKK) için 9.16±1.47, belirli kokuları algılama kapasitesi (BKA) için 4.66±0.75 ve KYK için 4.70±0.65 idi. Katılımcıların %1.26’sında BKK’da; %3.8’inde BKA’da ve %8.5’inde KYK’da bozulma saptandı. HYDA’dan alınan ortalama puanlar ise; ‘’Duygusal yeme’’ için 32.57±13.16; ‘’Kısıtlayıcı Yeme’’ için 27.60±7.85 ve ‘’Dışsal Yeme’’ için 31.10 ±7.47 idi. ASOF ile HYDA puanları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. 4-6 ay önce COVID-19 geçirenlerde BKK, BKA, KYK ve ’Kısıtlayıcı Yeme’’ puanları daha yüksek bulundu (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001; p=0.044 sırasıyla).   Sonuç: COVID-19 geçirenlerin %1.26’sında anormal koku kapasitesi saptanmış olup, %3.8’inde kokuları algılama kapasitesinde ve %8.5’inde ise KYK’da azalma saptandı. Koku ile ilişkili fonksiyonlar ve KYK hastalığı daha yakın zamanda geçirenlerde daha bozuk idi. Ancak koku alma fonksiyonu ve KYK ile yeme davranışları arasında ise anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• koku ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesi
• yeme davranışı

COVID-19’s Impact on Olfactory Function and Olfaction-Related Quality of Life and its Relationship with Eating BehaviorCOVID-19's Impact on Olfactory Function and Olfaction-Related Quality of Life and Its Relationship with Eating Behavior

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) can cause smell and taste disorders that can continue after recovery. In this study; it was aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 on olfactory function and odor-related quality of life (QOL) and its relationship with eating behavior. Material and Methods: This analytical study was conducted with individuals aged 18 years and older who applied to the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic of a tertiary hospital between January and May 2022, who had not had a diagnosed eating disorder and had COVID-19 in the last 2-6 months. In obtaining the data; Patient Information Form, Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning and Olfaction-Related Quality of Life (ASOF), and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were used. Results: The study was carried out with 316 people with a mean age of 39.71±13.40 years. Average scores from ASOF sub-dimensions; 9.16±1.47 for self-reported capability of perceiving (SRP); 4.66±0.75 for the capacity to detect specific odors scale (SOC) and 4.70±0.65 for the olfaction-related quality of life (ORQ). 1.26% of the participants had deterioration in SRP, 3.8% in SOC and 8.5% in ORQ. The average scores from DEBQ were; 32.57±13.16 for “Emotional Eating”; 27.60±7.85 for “Restrictive Eating” and 31.10±7.47 for “External Eating”. No statistically significant correlation was found between ASOF and DEBQ scores. Those who had COVID-19 4-6 months ago had higher SRP, SOC, ORQ and 'Restrictive Eating' scores (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001; p=0.044, respectively). Conclusion: Abnormal olfactory capacity was detected in 1.26% of those who had COVID-19, a decrease in the capacity to detect odors in 3.8% and a decrease in ORQ in 8.5%. Odor-related functions and ORQ were more impaired in those with a more recent history. However, there was no significant relationship between olfactory function and ORQ and eating behaviors.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• odor-related quality of life
• eating behavior

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