Beneficial Effects of Taurine Treatment on Experimental Myositis-induced Rats

Year 2023, , 531 - 540, 26.12.2023

Nadide Torlak-koca , Tuğba Özüdoğru Çelik

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1385018

Abstract

Objective: Taurine is an amino acid abundantly present in skeletal muscle, and it possesses cytoprotective properties, including the preservation of cell membrane integrity, anti- inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this study was conducted for the first time to investigate the potential beneficial effects of taurine in reducing muscle damage and inflammation in experimentally induced myositis using acetic acid.
Material and Methods: The study included 24 Wistar albino rats aged 20 weeks. The rats were divided into three groups: a control group (n=8), an acetic acid (myositis) group (n=8), and a myositis + taurine 500 mg/kg/day group (n=8). Acetic acid at a concentration of 1% was used for myositis induction. Taurine treatment was administered for 15 days, after which the rats were sacrificed. The gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically, and the results were compared statistically.
Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of congestion, degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, and disorganization (p<0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference in caspase-3 levels. This difference was consistent with the histopathological findings, with p<0.01 between the acetic acid and taurine groups.
Conclusion: Taurines anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may significantly contribute to mitigating muscle damage and inflammation. In this study, we observed a marked reduction in muscle damage and inflammation, along with the suppression of apoptosis, in rats with myositis induced by acetic acid following taurine treatment. These findings support the potential beneficial effects of taurine in reducing inflammatory muscle damage.

Keywords

Taurin, acetic acid, experimental myositis, apoptosis, muscle damage

TAURİN TEDAVİSİNİN DENEYSEL MİYOZİT OLUŞTURULMUŞ RATLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ YARARLI ETKİLERİ

Abstract

Amaç: Taurin iskelet kasında bol miktarda bulunan bir amino asittir. Hücre zarının korunması, anti-inflamatuar ve anti- apoptotik etkiler dahil olmak üzere sitoprotektif özelliklere sahiptir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, bu çalışma, taurinin asetik asit ile deneysel olarak oluşturulan miyozitteki kas hasarı ve inflamasyonu azaltmadaki faydalı etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla ilk kez yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 20 haftalık 24 adet Wistar albino türü sıçan dahil edildi. Sıçanlar kontrol grubu (n=8), %1 asetik asit (miyozit) grubu (n=8) ve miyozit + taurin 500 mg/kg/gün grubu (n=8) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Miyozit indüksiyonu için %1 asetik asit kullanıldı. Taurin tedavisi 15 gün süreyle yapıldı ve ratlar sakrifiye edildi. Gastroknemius kası histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasında konjesyon, dejenerasyon, nekroz, inflamasyon ve dezorganizasyon açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p<0.01). Kaspaz3'te de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı. Bu fark histopatolojik karşılaştırmadaki sonuçlara benzer şekilde asetik asit ve taurin grupları arasında p<0.01 idi.
Sonuç: Taurinin anti-inflamatuar ve antioksidan özellikleri, kas hasarının ve inflamasyonun hafifletilmesine önemli katkılarda bulunabilir. Bu çalışmada, asetik asit ile miyozit oluşturulan sıçanlarda yapılan taurin tedavisinin, kas hasarının ve inflamasyonun belirgin bir şekilde azaldığını ve apoptozun baskılandığını gözlemledik. Bu sonuçlar, Taurinin inflamatuar kas hasarını azaltma konusundaki potansiyel faydalı etkilerini desteklemektedir.

Keywords

Taurin, asetik asit, deneysel miyozit, apoptozis, kas hasarı

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Hüsnü Sakal Deneysel ve Klinik Uygulama Merkezi'nde deney hayvan kullanımına ilişkin etik kurallara uygun olarak yapılmıştır. Deneysel protokoller için Yerel Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurulundan etik onay alınmıştır (724/2023).

Supporting Institution

Hiçbir kişi/kuruluş çalışmayı finansal olarak desteklememiştir.

Thanks

Çalışmamızın histopatolojik ve immunhistokimyasal parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesinde, değerli katkılarından dolayı Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı'ndan Vet. Doç. Dr. Nihat Yumuşak'a sonsuz teşekkürler.

References

• Carstens PO, Schmidt J. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: Recent advances. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;175(3):349-58.
• Baig S, Paik JJ. Inflammatory muscle disease-An update. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2020;34(1):101484.
• Hussain Y, Miller S. Other Myopathies. Neurol Clin. 2020;38(3):619-35.
• Selva-O'Callaghan A, Pinal-Fernandez I, Trallero- Araguás E, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Mammen AL. Classification and management of adult inflammatory myopathies. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(9):816-28.
• Nagaraju K, Plotz PH. Animal models of myositis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2002;28(4):917-33.
• Katsumata Y, Ascherman DP. Animal models in myositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20(6):681-5.
• Konishi R, Ichimura Y, Okiyama N. Murine models of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Immunol Med. 2023;46(1):9-14.
• Takai Y, Watanabe T, Sano T. Elevated level of microRNA-210 at the initiation of muscular regeneration in acetic acid-induced non-ischemic skeletal muscular injury in mice. J Toxicol Pathol. 2022;35(2):183-92.
• Barbosa MU, Silva MA, Barros EML, Barbosa MU, Sousa RC, Lopes MADC, et al. Topical action of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in myositis induced in rats. Acta Cir Bras. 2017;32(11):956-63.
• Oddis CV, Aggarwal R. Treatment in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14(5):279-89.
• Moghadam-Kia S, Oddis CV. Current and new targets for treating myositis. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2022;65:102257.
• Jarvinen TA, Jarvinen TL, Kaariainen M, Kalimo H, Jarvinen M. Muscle injuries: Biology and treatment. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(5):745-64.
• Spriet LL, Whitfield J. Taurine and skeletal muscle function. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(1):96-101.
• Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, et al. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2021;24(2):605.
• Kim C, Cha YN. Taurine chloramine produced from taurine under inflammation provides anti- inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Amino Acids. 2014;46(1):89-100.
• Marcinkiewicz J, Kontny E. Taurine and inflammatory diseases. Amino Acids. 2014;46(1):7- 20.
• Carvalho AF, Sousa PF, Feitosa MC, Coelho NP, Barros EM, Feitosa VC, et al. The low-level laser on acute myositis in rats. Acta Cir Bras. 2015;30(12):806-11.
• Erkanli K, Kayalar N, Erkanli G, Ercan F, Sener G, Kırali K. Melatonin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Journal of Pineal Research. 2005;39(3):238-42.
• De Luca A, Pierno S, Camerino DC. Taurine: The appeal of a safe amino acid for skeletal muscle disorders. J Transl Med. 2015;13:243.
• Hurme T, Kalimo H, Lehto M, Järvinen M. Healing of skeletal muscle injury: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(7):801-10.
• Sikorska M, Dutkiewicz M, Zegrocka-Stendel O, Kowalewska M, Grabowska I, Koziak K. Beneficial effects of β-escin on muscle regeneration in rat model of skeletal muscle injury. Phytomedicine. 2021;93:153791.
• Sun B, Maruta H, Ma Y, Yamashita H. Taurine stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates the skeletal muscle functions in rats via the induction of intracellular calcium influx. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):4125.
• Thewissen M, Merx MW, Molojavyi A, Heller-Stilb B, Schrader J, Häussinger D. Taurine transporter knockout depletes muscle taurine levels and results in severe skeletal muscle impairment but leaves cardiac function uncompromised. FASEB J. 2004;18(3):577-9.
• De Carvalho FG, Galan BSM, Santos PC, Pritchett K, Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, et al. Taurine: A potential ergogenic aid for preventing muscle damage and protein catabolism and decreasing oxidative stress produced by endurance exercise. Front Physiol. 2017;8:710.
• Ghosh S, Chowdhury S, Das AK, Sil PC. Taurine ameliorates oxidative stress induced inflammation and ER stress mediated testicular damage in STZ- induced diabetic Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;124:64-80.
• Jin H, Wu Z, Tian T, Gu Y. Apoptosis in atrophic skeletal muscle induced by brachial plexus injury in rats. J Trauma. 2001;50(1):31-5.
• Schneider C, Matsumoto Y, Kohyama K, Toyka KV, Hartung HP, Gold R. Experimental autoimmune myositis in the lewis rat: Lack of spontaneous T-cell apoptosis and therapeutic response to glucocorticosteroid application. J Neuroimmunol. 2000;107(1):83-7.
• Torlak-Koca N, Ozudogru Celik T. Ameliorative effect of exogenous calcitriol treatment against muscle injury in myositis-induced rats. Int Target Med J. 2023;2(3):95-101.