DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE PRATİK UYGULAMALARIN PARMAK VURU TESTİ PERFORMANSINA VE REAKSİYON ZAMANINA ETKİSİ
Year 2025,
Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 135 - 141, 25.08.2025
Esra Tekmen
,
Berkan Kozan
,
İsmail Can Pelin
,
Caner İncekaş
,
Cansu Gül Gür
Abstract
Amaç: Reaksiyon zamanı, dış ortamdan gelen uyarı ile bu uyarıya karşı verilen motor cevap arasında geçen süre olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bireyin mental ve bedensel yorgunluk düzeyinin, kişinin ani uyaranları algılama ve buna karşılık bir cevap oluşturma becerilerinde önemli bir etken olduğu ve bu etkenlerin bireyin motor kabiliyetleri üzerindeki önemi çeşitli çalışmalarda vurgulanmıştır. Reaksiyon zamanını olumsuz yönde etkileyen birçok etken vardır. Bunlardan biri de kas yorgunluğudur. Kas yorgunluğu günlük aktivitelerimizde veya spor faaliyetleri sonrası sıklıkla karşılaştığımız istenmeyen fizyolojik bir durumdur. Çalışmanın amacı gerek mental gerek bedensel yorgunluğun, kişinin motor kabiliyetleri ve reaksiyon zamanı üzerindeki etkilerinin tespit edilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dönem I ve II olarak toplam 34 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılardan gerek reaksiyon zamanına ilişkin ölçümler gerekse parmak vuru testi, protez laboratuvarına girmeden önce ve gün sonunda laboratuvar çalışması sona erdikten sonra iki kez alınmış ve sonuçlar önce ve sonra olacak şekilde karşılaştırılmıştır. Görsel, işitsel reaksiyon zamanları ve Parmak vuru testi bilgisayar tabanlı bir test kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yorgunluk düzeyleri Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Alınan sonuçlara göre tüm katılımcılarda yorgunluk düzeyi arttıkça basit, seçkili görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon zamanlarının uzadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılarda yorgunluk düzeyi arttıkça parmak vuru sayısının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyetlere göre yorgunluk düzeyi arttıkça basit görsel (p=0,810), seçkili görsel (p=0,548), işitsel reaksiyon zamanında (p=0,317) ve parmak vuru sayısında (p=0,297) anlamlı fark tespit edilememiştir.
Sonuç: Uzun süreli yoğun pratik uygulamaların yorgunluk düzeylerini artırdığını ve bunun sonucunda reaksiyon zamanının uzadığı ve motor performansın azaldığını göstermektedir.
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışma Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırma Kurulu tarafından 24.12.2024 tarihinde onaylanmış (Proje no: KA24/59) ve Başkent Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonunca desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışma Helsinki Bildirgesi’ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.
Supporting Institution
Başkent Üniversitesi
Thanks
Bu çalışma Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırma Kurulu tarafından onaylanmış (Proje no: KA24/59) ve Başkent Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonunca desteklenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilere teşekkür ederiz.
References
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Wang YC, Wickstrom R, Yen SC, Kapellusch J, Grogan KA. Assessing manual dexterity: Comparing the WorkAbility Rate of Manipulation Test with the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test. J Hand Ther. 2017;31(3):339-347.
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Özcan A, Tulum Z, Pınar L, Başkurt F. Comparison of pressure pain threshold, grip strength, dexterity and touch pressure of dominant and non-dominant hands within and between right- and left-handed subjects. J Korean Med Sci. 2004;19(6):874.
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Eliasson AC, Forssberg H, Hung YC, Gordon AM. Development of hand function and precision grip control in individuals with cerebral palsy: A 13-year follow-up study. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):e1226-e1236.
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Jobbágy Á, Harcos P, Karoly R, Fazekas G. Analysis of finger-tapping movement. J Neurosci Methods. 2004;141(1):29-39.
-
Giovannoni G, Van Schalkwyk J, Fritz VU, Lees AJ. Bradykinesia akinesia inco-ordination test (BRAIN TEST): An objective computerised assessment of upper limb motor function. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67(5):624-629.
-
Aoki T, Kinoshita H. Temporal and force characteristics of fast double-finger, single-finger and hand tapping. Ergonomics. 2001;44(15):1368-1383.
-
Nalçaci E, Kalaycioğlu C, Çiçek M, Genç Y. The relationship between handedness and fine motor performance. Cortex. 2001;37(4):493-500.
-
Jäncke L, Schlaug G, Steinmetz H. Hand skill asymmetry in professional musicians. Brain Cogn. 1997;34(3):424- 432.
-
Hollingworth LS. Functional Periodicity [dissertation]. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University; 1914.
-
Notermans NC, van Dijk GW, van der Graaf Y, van Gijn J, Wokke JH. Measuring ataxia: Quantification based on the standard neurological examination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57(1):22-26.
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Heller A, Wade DT, Wood VA, Sunderland A, Hewer RL, Ward E. Arm function after stroke: Measurement and recovery over the first three months. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50(6):714-719.
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Welch LW, Cunningham AT, Eckardt MJ, Martin PR. Fine motor speed deficits in alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997;21(1):134-139.
-
Ott BR, Ellias SA, Lannon MC. Quantitative assessment of movement in Alzheimer’s disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1995;8(1):71-75.
-
Bowler RM, Gysens S, Diamond E, Nakagawa S, Drezgic M, Roels HA. Manganese exposure: Neuropsychological and neurological symptoms and effects in welders. Neurotoxicology. 2006;27(3):315-326.
-
Horton AM Jr. Above-average intelligence and neuropsychological test score performance. Int J Neurosci. 1999;99(1-4):221-231.
-
Dash M, Telles S. Yoga training and motor speed based on a finger tapping task. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999;43(4):458-462.
-
Volkow ND, Gur RC, Wang GJ, et al. Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(3):344-349.
-
Rao G, Fisch L, Srinivasan S, et al. Does this patient have Parkinson disease? JAMA. 2003;289(3):347-353.
-
Muir SR, Jones RD, Andreae JH, Donaldson IM. Measurement and analysis of single and multiple finger tapping in normal and Parkinsonian subjects. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 1995;1(2):89-96.
-
Jobbagy A, Furnee H, Harcos P, Tarczy M, Krekule I, Komjathi L. Analysis of movement patterns aids the early detection of Parkinson’s disease. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE; 2002.
-
Djurić-Jovičić M, Jovičić N, Roby-Brami A, et al. Quantification of finger-tapping angle based on wearable sensors. Sensors (Basel). 2017;17(2):203.
-
Kumar S, Mandal MK. Task-specific motor performance and musculoskeletal response in self-classified right handers. Int J Neurosci. 2003;113(11):1487-1495.
-
Jain A, Bansal R, Kumar A, Singh KD. A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(2):124-127.
-
Karia RM, Ghuntla TP, Mehta HB, Gokhale PA, Shah CJ. Effect of gender difference on visual reaction time: A study on medical students of Bhavnagar region. IOSR J Pharm. 2012;2(3):452-454.
-
Der G, Deary IJ. Age and sex differences in reaction time in adulthood: Results from the United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey. Psychol Aging. 2006;21(1):62-73.
-
Piper BF, Dibble SL, Dodd MJ, Weiss MC, Slaughter RE, Paul SM. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1998;25(4):677-684.
-
Şahin Ş, Cesur N, Şahin E. Kadin artistik ve aerobik cimnastikçilerin reaksiyon zamani ve mental rotasyon performanslarinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;2(2):19-25.
-
Barut C, Kızıltan E, Gelir E, Köktürk F. Advanced analysis of finger-tapping performance: A preliminary study. Balkan Med J. 2013;30(2):167-171.
-
Can G. Meme kanserli hastalarda yorgunluğun ve bakım gereksinimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. In: XIV. Ulusal Kanser Kongresi. İstanbul, Türkiye; 2001.
-
Langner R, Steinborn MB, Chatterjee A, Sturm W, Willmes K. Mental fatigue and temporal preparation in simple reaction-time performance. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010;133(1):64-72.
-
Boyas S, Guével A. Neuromuscular fatigue in healthy muscle: Underlying factors and adaptation mechanisms. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2011;54(2):88-108.
-
Ghuntla T, Mehta H, Gokhale P, Shah C. A comparison and importance of auditory and visual reaction time in basketball players. Saudi J Sports Med. 2014;14(1):35.
-
Hubel KA, Reed B, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Woods DL. Computerized measures of finger tapping: Effects of hand dominance, age, and sex. Percept Mot Skills. 2013;116(3):825-841.
-
Shimoyama I, Ninchoji T, Uemura K. The finger-tapping test: A quantitative analysis. Arch Neurol. 1990;47(6):681-684.
-
Geschwind N. Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology. I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Arch Neurol. 1985;42(5):428.
The Effect of Practical Application on Finger Tapping Performance and Reaction Time in Dental Students
Year 2025,
Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 135 - 141, 25.08.2025
Esra Tekmen
,
Berkan Kozan
,
İsmail Can Pelin
,
Caner İncekaş
,
Cansu Gül Gür
Abstract
Objective: Reaction time is defined as the duration between the stimulus from the external environment and the motor response given to that stimulus. The level of mental and physical fatigue of an individual is an important factor in the person's ability to perceive sudden stimuli and generate a response, and the significance of these factors on the individual's motor abilities has been emphasized in various studies. There are many factors that negatively affect reaction time. One of these is muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue is an undesirable physiological condition that we frequently encounter in our daily activities or after sports activities. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of both mental and physical fatigue on a person's motor skills and reaction time.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted with the participation of a total of 34 students from the Faculty of Dentistry, Period I and II. Measurements related to reaction time and the finger tapping test were taken twice from all participants, both before entering the prosthetics laboratory and at the end of the day after the laboratory work was completed, and the results were compared before and after. Visual and auditory reaction times and the Finger Tapping Test were evaluated using a computer-based test. The participants' fatigue levels were assessed using the Piper Fatigue Scale.
Results: According to the results obtained, it was determined that as the level of fatigue increased in all participants, the simple, selective visual and auditory reaction times lengthened. In all participants, it was found that as the level of fatigue increased, the number of keystrokes decreased. According to gender, as the level of fatigue increased, no significant difference was found in simple visual (p=0.810), selective visual (p=0.548), auditory reaction time (p=0.317), and finger tap count (p=0.297).
Conclusion: It shows that prolonged intensive practice increases fatigue levels, resulting in prolonged reaction time and decreased motor performance.
References
-
Wang YC, Wickstrom R, Yen SC, Kapellusch J, Grogan KA. Assessing manual dexterity: Comparing the WorkAbility Rate of Manipulation Test with the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test. J Hand Ther. 2017;31(3):339-347.
-
Özcan A, Tulum Z, Pınar L, Başkurt F. Comparison of pressure pain threshold, grip strength, dexterity and touch pressure of dominant and non-dominant hands within and between right- and left-handed subjects. J Korean Med Sci. 2004;19(6):874.
-
Eliasson AC, Forssberg H, Hung YC, Gordon AM. Development of hand function and precision grip control in individuals with cerebral palsy: A 13-year follow-up study. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):e1226-e1236.
-
Jobbágy Á, Harcos P, Karoly R, Fazekas G. Analysis of finger-tapping movement. J Neurosci Methods. 2004;141(1):29-39.
-
Giovannoni G, Van Schalkwyk J, Fritz VU, Lees AJ. Bradykinesia akinesia inco-ordination test (BRAIN TEST): An objective computerised assessment of upper limb motor function. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67(5):624-629.
-
Aoki T, Kinoshita H. Temporal and force characteristics of fast double-finger, single-finger and hand tapping. Ergonomics. 2001;44(15):1368-1383.
-
Nalçaci E, Kalaycioğlu C, Çiçek M, Genç Y. The relationship between handedness and fine motor performance. Cortex. 2001;37(4):493-500.
-
Jäncke L, Schlaug G, Steinmetz H. Hand skill asymmetry in professional musicians. Brain Cogn. 1997;34(3):424- 432.
-
Hollingworth LS. Functional Periodicity [dissertation]. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University; 1914.
-
Notermans NC, van Dijk GW, van der Graaf Y, van Gijn J, Wokke JH. Measuring ataxia: Quantification based on the standard neurological examination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57(1):22-26.
-
Heller A, Wade DT, Wood VA, Sunderland A, Hewer RL, Ward E. Arm function after stroke: Measurement and recovery over the first three months. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50(6):714-719.
-
Welch LW, Cunningham AT, Eckardt MJ, Martin PR. Fine motor speed deficits in alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997;21(1):134-139.
-
Ott BR, Ellias SA, Lannon MC. Quantitative assessment of movement in Alzheimer’s disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1995;8(1):71-75.
-
Bowler RM, Gysens S, Diamond E, Nakagawa S, Drezgic M, Roels HA. Manganese exposure: Neuropsychological and neurological symptoms and effects in welders. Neurotoxicology. 2006;27(3):315-326.
-
Horton AM Jr. Above-average intelligence and neuropsychological test score performance. Int J Neurosci. 1999;99(1-4):221-231.
-
Dash M, Telles S. Yoga training and motor speed based on a finger tapping task. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999;43(4):458-462.
-
Volkow ND, Gur RC, Wang GJ, et al. Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(3):344-349.
-
Rao G, Fisch L, Srinivasan S, et al. Does this patient have Parkinson disease? JAMA. 2003;289(3):347-353.
-
Muir SR, Jones RD, Andreae JH, Donaldson IM. Measurement and analysis of single and multiple finger tapping in normal and Parkinsonian subjects. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 1995;1(2):89-96.
-
Jobbagy A, Furnee H, Harcos P, Tarczy M, Krekule I, Komjathi L. Analysis of movement patterns aids the early detection of Parkinson’s disease. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE; 2002.
-
Djurić-Jovičić M, Jovičić N, Roby-Brami A, et al. Quantification of finger-tapping angle based on wearable sensors. Sensors (Basel). 2017;17(2):203.
-
Kumar S, Mandal MK. Task-specific motor performance and musculoskeletal response in self-classified right handers. Int J Neurosci. 2003;113(11):1487-1495.
-
Jain A, Bansal R, Kumar A, Singh KD. A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(2):124-127.
-
Karia RM, Ghuntla TP, Mehta HB, Gokhale PA, Shah CJ. Effect of gender difference on visual reaction time: A study on medical students of Bhavnagar region. IOSR J Pharm. 2012;2(3):452-454.
-
Der G, Deary IJ. Age and sex differences in reaction time in adulthood: Results from the United Kingdom Health and Lifestyle Survey. Psychol Aging. 2006;21(1):62-73.
-
Piper BF, Dibble SL, Dodd MJ, Weiss MC, Slaughter RE, Paul SM. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1998;25(4):677-684.
-
Şahin Ş, Cesur N, Şahin E. Kadin artistik ve aerobik cimnastikçilerin reaksiyon zamani ve mental rotasyon performanslarinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;2(2):19-25.
-
Barut C, Kızıltan E, Gelir E, Köktürk F. Advanced analysis of finger-tapping performance: A preliminary study. Balkan Med J. 2013;30(2):167-171.
-
Can G. Meme kanserli hastalarda yorgunluğun ve bakım gereksinimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. In: XIV. Ulusal Kanser Kongresi. İstanbul, Türkiye; 2001.
-
Langner R, Steinborn MB, Chatterjee A, Sturm W, Willmes K. Mental fatigue and temporal preparation in simple reaction-time performance. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010;133(1):64-72.
-
Boyas S, Guével A. Neuromuscular fatigue in healthy muscle: Underlying factors and adaptation mechanisms. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2011;54(2):88-108.
-
Ghuntla T, Mehta H, Gokhale P, Shah C. A comparison and importance of auditory and visual reaction time in basketball players. Saudi J Sports Med. 2014;14(1):35.
-
Hubel KA, Reed B, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Woods DL. Computerized measures of finger tapping: Effects of hand dominance, age, and sex. Percept Mot Skills. 2013;116(3):825-841.
-
Shimoyama I, Ninchoji T, Uemura K. The finger-tapping test: A quantitative analysis. Arch Neurol. 1990;47(6):681-684.
-
Geschwind N. Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology. I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Arch Neurol. 1985;42(5):428.