Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Year 2024, , 38 - 45, 30.06.2024

Erinç Gümüş , Yücel Ünal , Musa Yavuz , Selim Sırakaya Behlül Sevim , Tugay Ayaşan

https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882

Abstract

References

  • AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. In AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Maryland, USA (2003) (Vol. 17). The Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z. G., Azrieli, A., Hen, Y., & Horev, B. (1991). A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 34, 171–175.
  • Barnett, A. J. G. (1951). The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in silage. Biochemical Journal, 49(4), 527–529.
  • Bernardes, T. F., Reis, R. A., & Moreira, A. L. (2005). Fermentative and microbiological profile of marandu-grass ensiled with citrus pulp pellets. Scientia Agricola, 62(3), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162005000300003
  • Besharati̇, M., Karimi, M., Taghi̇zadeh, A., Nemati̇, Z., & Kaygisiz, A. (2020). Improve Quality of Alfalfa Silage Ensiled with Orange Pulp and Bacterial Additive. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.673623
  • Besharati, M., Palangi, V., Salem, A. Z. M., De Palo, P., Lorenzo, J. M., & Maggiolino, A. (2022). Substitution of raw lucerne with raw citrus lemon by-product in silage: In vitro apparent digestibility and gas production. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 1006581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1006581
  • Boga, M., Ayasan, T. (2022). Determination of nutritional value of alfalfa varieties and lines by using the in vitro method and gas production technique. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 73(1), 3613-3620. https://doi.org/ 10.12681/jhvms.24674
  • Bulut, R., Karsli, M. A., & Şenyüz, H. H. (2023). Determination of the effects of grape pomace addition to sorghum sudan grass on silage quality. Livestock Studies, 63(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1325043
  • Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S., Ülger, İ., Kaliber, M., & Konca, Y. (2018). determination of chemical, nutritional and fermentation properties of citrus pulp silages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(12), 1833–1837. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i12.1833-1837.2229
  • Canbolat, Ö., Kalkan, H., Karaman, Ş., & Filya, İ. (2010). Üzüm posasının yonca silajlarında karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2009.679
  • Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., & Smith, F. (1951). A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature, 4265(168), 167–167.
  • Ertek, N., Dağdemir, V., & Keskin, A. (2020). Türkiye’de mandalina piyasasının ekonomik analizi ve pazarlama marjları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.562118
  • Gao, R., Wang, B., Jia, T., Luo, Y., & Yu, Z. (2021). effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture, 11(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010058
  • Gomes, R. D. S., Almeida, J. C. D. C., Carneiro, J. D. C., Azevedo, F. H. V., Lista, F. N., Elyas, A. C. W., & Oliveira, T. S. D. (2017). Impacts of citrus pulp addition and wilting on elephant grass silage quality. Bioscience Journal, 675–684. https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v33n3-33790
  • Gül, Z. D., Tan, M., Kaynar, D. F., & Kharazmi, K. (2015). Effects of some additives, harvest stage and wilting on quality characteristics of alfalfa silage. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(2), 113-118.
  • Guo, G., Shen, C., Liu, Q., Zhang, S. L., Wang, C., Chen, L., Xu, Q. F., Wang, Y. X., & Huo, W. J. (2019). Fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of first and second cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages harvested at three stages of maturity. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114274
  • International Standard 7937 (2004). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs horizontal method for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringes colony count technique.
  • International Standard 21528-2 (2018). Microbiology of food cahin horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae colony count technique.
  • International Standard 15214 (1998). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs horizontal method for the enumeration of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria colony-count technique at 30 °C.
  • Ke, W. C., Yang, F. Y., Undersander, D. J., & Guo, X. S. (2015). Fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, proteolysis and lipid composition of alfalfa silage ensiled with apple or grape pomace. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 202, 12–19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.01.009
  • Ke, W. C., Ding, W. R., Xu, D. M., Ding, L. M., Zhang, P., Li, F. D., & Guo, X. S. (2017). Effects of addition of malic or citric acids on fermentation quality and chemical characteristics of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(11), 8958-8966. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12875
  • Kung, L., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020–4033. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13909
  • Li, P., Shen, Y., You, M., Zhang, Y., Yan, J., Li, D., & Bai, S. (2017). Effect of grape pomace on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. Animal Science Journal, 88(10),1523–1530. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12791
  • Rodrigo, M. J., Cilla, A., Barberá, R., & Zacarías, L. (2015). Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins. Food & Function, 6(6), 1950–1959. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO00258C
  • Sırakaya, S., & Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S. (2022). Treatment of alfalfa silage with chitosan at different levels to determine chemical, nutritional, fermentation, and microbial parameters. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 31(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/147014/2022
  • Şengül, Ö., Şengül, A. Y., Kökten, K., Çaçan, E., & Beyzi̇, S. B. (2022). Possibilities of using dried mulberry pulp as an additive in alfalfa silage. Medycyna Weterynaryjna,78(06),6669–2022. https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6669
  • Tao, X., Chen, S., Zhao, J., Wang, S., Li, J., Sun, F., & Shao, T. (2021). Fermentation and aerobic stability of Napier grass silage treated with different levels of citric acid residue. Grassland Science, 67(2), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.12298
  • Ülger, İ., Beyzi, S. B., Kaliber, M., & Konca, Y. (2020). Chemical, nutritive, fermentation profile and gas production of citrus pulp silages, alone or combined with maize silage. South African Journal of Animal Science,50(1),161–169. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i1.17
  • Van Soest P.V., Robertson J.B., & Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583–3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  • Wang, Q., Li, H., Feng, K., & Liu, J. (2020). oriented fermentation of food waste towards high-value products: A Review. Energies, 13(21), 5638. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215638
  • Zott, K., Claisse, O., Lucas, P., Coulon, J., Lonvaud-Funel, A., & Masneuf-Pomarede, I. (2010). Characterization of the yeast ecosystem in grape must and wine using real-time PCR. Food Microbiology, 27(5),559–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.01.00

The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage

Year 2024, , 38 - 45, 30.06.2024

Erinç Gümüş , Yücel Ünal , Musa Yavuz , Selim Sırakaya Behlül Sevim , Tugay Ayaşan

https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of grape pulp (GRP) and tangerine pulp (TNP) supplementation (10% each) on alfalfa silage quality. The control silage received no additives. After a two-month fermentation period, silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, fermentation quality, microflora, and organic acids. According to our results, both silage additives effectively lowered pH levels and isobutyric acid, while increased Fleig score and lactic acid levels compared to control group. However, GRP supplementation significantly increased the levels of crude protein (CP), yeast-mold colony count, and butyric acid levels. Conversely, TNP supplementation resulted in higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), valeric acid and lower acetic acid levels in the alfalfa silage samples. In conclusion, both GRP and TNP supplements have distinct effects on the chemical composition, silage quality, microflora, and organic acid profiles of alfalfa silage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing alfalfa silage production and its utilization in animal nutrition. Further research could explore optimal inclusion rates and potential synergistic effects with other additives to enhance silage quality.

Keywords

Alfalfa Grape pulp Microbiota Silage Tangerine pulp

References

  • AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. In AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Maryland, USA (2003) (Vol. 17). The Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z. G., Azrieli, A., Hen, Y., & Horev, B. (1991). A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 34, 171–175.
  • Barnett, A. J. G. (1951). The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in silage. Biochemical Journal, 49(4), 527–529.
  • Bernardes, T. F., Reis, R. A., & Moreira, A. L. (2005). Fermentative and microbiological profile of marandu-grass ensiled with citrus pulp pellets. Scientia Agricola, 62(3), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162005000300003
  • Besharati̇, M., Karimi, M., Taghi̇zadeh, A., Nemati̇, Z., & Kaygisiz, A. (2020). Improve Quality of Alfalfa Silage Ensiled with Orange Pulp and Bacterial Additive. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.673623
  • Besharati, M., Palangi, V., Salem, A. Z. M., De Palo, P., Lorenzo, J. M., & Maggiolino, A. (2022). Substitution of raw lucerne with raw citrus lemon by-product in silage: In vitro apparent digestibility and gas production. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 1006581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1006581
  • Boga, M., Ayasan, T. (2022). Determination of nutritional value of alfalfa varieties and lines by using the in vitro method and gas production technique. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 73(1), 3613-3620. https://doi.org/ 10.12681/jhvms.24674
  • Bulut, R., Karsli, M. A., & Şenyüz, H. H. (2023). Determination of the effects of grape pomace addition to sorghum sudan grass on silage quality. Livestock Studies, 63(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1325043
  • Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S., Ülger, İ., Kaliber, M., & Konca, Y. (2018). determination of chemical, nutritional and fermentation properties of citrus pulp silages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(12), 1833–1837. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i12.1833-1837.2229
  • Canbolat, Ö., Kalkan, H., Karaman, Ş., & Filya, İ. (2010). Üzüm posasının yonca silajlarında karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2009.679
  • Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., & Smith, F. (1951). A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature, 4265(168), 167–167.
  • Ertek, N., Dağdemir, V., & Keskin, A. (2020). Türkiye’de mandalina piyasasının ekonomik analizi ve pazarlama marjları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.562118
  • Gao, R., Wang, B., Jia, T., Luo, Y., & Yu, Z. (2021). effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture, 11(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010058
  • Gomes, R. D. S., Almeida, J. C. D. C., Carneiro, J. D. C., Azevedo, F. H. V., Lista, F. N., Elyas, A. C. W., & Oliveira, T. S. D. (2017). Impacts of citrus pulp addition and wilting on elephant grass silage quality. Bioscience Journal, 675–684. https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v33n3-33790
  • Gül, Z. D., Tan, M., Kaynar, D. F., & Kharazmi, K. (2015). Effects of some additives, harvest stage and wilting on quality characteristics of alfalfa silage. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(2), 113-118.
  • Guo, G., Shen, C., Liu, Q., Zhang, S. L., Wang, C., Chen, L., Xu, Q. F., Wang, Y. X., & Huo, W. J. (2019). Fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of first and second cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages harvested at three stages of maturity. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114274
  • International Standard 7937 (2004). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs horizontal method for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringes colony count technique.
  • International Standard 21528-2 (2018). Microbiology of food cahin horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae colony count technique.
  • International Standard 15214 (1998). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs horizontal method for the enumeration of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria colony-count technique at 30 °C.
  • Ke, W. C., Yang, F. Y., Undersander, D. J., & Guo, X. S. (2015). Fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, proteolysis and lipid composition of alfalfa silage ensiled with apple or grape pomace. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 202, 12–19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.01.009
  • Ke, W. C., Ding, W. R., Xu, D. M., Ding, L. M., Zhang, P., Li, F. D., & Guo, X. S. (2017). Effects of addition of malic or citric acids on fermentation quality and chemical characteristics of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(11), 8958-8966. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12875
  • Kung, L., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020–4033. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13909
  • Li, P., Shen, Y., You, M., Zhang, Y., Yan, J., Li, D., & Bai, S. (2017). Effect of grape pomace on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. Animal Science Journal, 88(10),1523–1530. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12791
  • Rodrigo, M. J., Cilla, A., Barberá, R., & Zacarías, L. (2015). Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins. Food & Function, 6(6), 1950–1959. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO00258C
  • Sırakaya, S., & Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S. (2022). Treatment of alfalfa silage with chitosan at different levels to determine chemical, nutritional, fermentation, and microbial parameters. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 31(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/147014/2022
  • Şengül, Ö., Şengül, A. Y., Kökten, K., Çaçan, E., & Beyzi̇, S. B. (2022). Possibilities of using dried mulberry pulp as an additive in alfalfa silage. Medycyna Weterynaryjna,78(06),6669–2022. https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6669
  • Tao, X., Chen, S., Zhao, J., Wang, S., Li, J., Sun, F., & Shao, T. (2021). Fermentation and aerobic stability of Napier grass silage treated with different levels of citric acid residue. Grassland Science, 67(2), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.12298
  • Ülger, İ., Beyzi, S. B., Kaliber, M., & Konca, Y. (2020). Chemical, nutritive, fermentation profile and gas production of citrus pulp silages, alone or combined with maize silage. South African Journal of Animal Science,50(1),161–169. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i1.17
  • Van Soest P.V., Robertson J.B., & Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583–3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  • Wang, Q., Li, H., Feng, K., & Liu, J. (2020). oriented fermentation of food waste towards high-value products: A Review. Energies, 13(21), 5638. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215638
  • Zott, K., Claisse, O., Lucas, P., Coulon, J., Lonvaud-Funel, A., & Masneuf-Pomarede, I. (2010). Characterization of the yeast ecosystem in grape must and wine using real-time PCR. Food Microbiology, 27(5),559–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.01.00
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section 64-1
Authors

Erinç Gümüş 0000-0002-6839-8428

Yücel Ünal 0000-0002-6343-3546

Musa Yavuz 0000-0003-4936-1846

Selim Sırakaya This is me 0000-0003-2733-1726

Behlül Sevim 0000-0003-2996-3241

Tugay Ayaşan 0000-0001-7397-6483

Early Pub Date January 9, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date November 12, 2023
Acceptance Date December 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Gümüş, E., Ünal, Y., Yavuz, M., Sırakaya, S., et al. (2024). The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage. Livestock Studies, 64(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882
AMA Gümüş E, Ünal Y, Yavuz M, Sırakaya S, Sevim B, Ayaşan T. The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage. Livestock Studies. June 2024;64(1):38-45. doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882
Chicago Gümüş, Erinç, Yücel Ünal, Musa Yavuz, Selim Sırakaya, Behlül Sevim, and Tugay Ayaşan. “The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage”. Livestock Studies 64, no. 1 (June 2024): 38-45. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882.
EndNote Gümüş E, Ünal Y, Yavuz M, Sırakaya S, Sevim B, Ayaşan T (June 1, 2024) The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage. Livestock Studies 64 1 38–45.
IEEE E. Gümüş, Y. Ünal, M. Yavuz, S. Sırakaya, B. Sevim, and T. Ayaşan, “The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage”, Livestock Studies, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 38–45, 2024, doi: 10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882.
ISNAD Gümüş, Erinç et al. “The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage”. Livestock Studies 64/1 (June 2024), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882.
JAMA Gümüş E, Ünal Y, Yavuz M, Sırakaya S, Sevim B, Ayaşan T. The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage. Livestock Studies. 2024;64:38–45.
MLA Gümüş, Erinç et al. “The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage”. Livestock Studies, vol. 64, no. 1, 2024, pp. 38-45, doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.1416882.
Vancouver Gümüş E, Ünal Y, Yavuz M, Sırakaya S, Sevim B, Ayaşan T. The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage. Livestock Studies. 2024;64(1):38-45.