Using glycerin, a by-product of biodiesel, as a grinding aid in the dry grinding of marble dust waste

Year 2023, Volume: 62 Issue: 2, 61 - 66, 31.07.2023

Diler Katırcıoğlu Bayel

https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.1196039

Abstract

Glycerin represents the primary by-product of biodiesel generation when vegetable oil is transesterified with ethanol or methanol. Nowadays, the need to turn to alternative materials is increasing due to the competition arising from developing technology and industry and the rapid consumption of Earth’s resources. It is essential to study how to prevent the depletion of natural resources and transform wastes into usable and valuable products. The use of waste glycerin (WG) as a grinding aid can constitute an alternative solution in terms of utilizing the excess glycerin resulting from biodiesel production. This paper investigated the usability of WG as a grinding aid in terms of grinding efficiency while planning to decrease the adverse impacts of waste on the environment via its efficient utilization. The dry grinding experiments conducted within the study’s scope researched the impacts of five biodiesel dosages (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by weight) on the product. The current research is promising in terms of preventing the depletion of natural resources and transforming waste into usable and valuable products. Furthermore, considerable enhancements were obtained in the grinding performance with the grinding aid utilized.

Keywords

Marble wastes, Mineral fillers, Dry grinding, Grinding aid, Recycling

Supporting Institution

NİĞDE Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

MMT 2020/3

Thanks

This study was supported by Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Scientific Research Projects Coordination unit within the scope of project number MMT 2020/3. The author would like to thank the Kolza Biodizel Fuel and Petrol Products Inc. for providing waste glycerin.

References

• Austin, L.G., Klimpel, R.R., Luckie, P.T. 1984. Process engineering of size reduction: Ball milling. SME, New York, 561 p.
• Cayirli, S. 2018. Influences of operating parameters on dry ball mill performance. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 54(3), 751–762. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp1876
• Chi, Z., Pyle, D., Wen, Z., Frear, C., Chen, S.A. 2007. Laboratory study of producing doco-sahexaenoic acid from biodiesel-waste glycerol by microalgal fermentation. Process Biochemistry, 42(11):1537-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.08.008
• Choi, H.K. and Wang, L. 2007. A quantitative study of grinding characteristics on particle size and grinding consumption energy by stirred ball mill. Korean Journal of Materials Research, 17 (10), 532–537. https://doi.org/10.3740/MRSK.2007.17.10.532
• Choi, H.K., Lee, W., Kim, D.U., Kumar, S., Kim, S.S., Chung, H.S., Kim, J.H. and Ahn, Y.C., 2010. Effect of grinding aids on the grinding energy consumed during grinding of calcite in a stirred ball mill, Minerals Engineering, 23, 54-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2009.09.011
• El-Shall, H., Somasundaran, P. 1984. Physico-Chemical aspects of grinding: a review of use of additives. Powder Technology, 38, 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(84)85009-3
• Fuerstenau, D. W. 1995. Grinding aids, Kona, 13, 5-18.
• Gao, X., Yang, Y., Deng, H. 2011. Utilization of beet molasses as a grinding aid in blended cements. Construction and Building Materials, 25(9), 3782-3789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.041
• Hasegawa, M., Kimata, M., Shimane, M., Shoji, M., Tsuruta, M. 2001. The effect of liquid additives on dry ultrafine grinding of quartz. Powder Technology, 114, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032- 5910(00)00290-4
• Karinen, R.S., Krause, A.O.I. 2006. New biocomponents from glycerol. Applied Catalysis A: General, 306, 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.03.047
• Katırcıoglu-Bayel, D. 2018. The Effect of Grinding Additives on Stirred Media Milling of Talc. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 5(7), 36-39.
• Katırcıoglu-Bayel, D., Toghan E.W. 2022. Karıştırmalı Bilyalı Değirmende Biyo-Dolgu Malzemesi Üretiminde Öğütme Yardımcılarının Etkisi. Konya Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 10(1), 61-71.
• Leoneti, A.B., Aragão-Leoneti, V., De Oliveira, S.V.W.B. 2012. Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production in Brazil: alternatives for the use of unrefined glycerol. Renewable Energy, 45, 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.02.032
• Li, H., Zhao, J., Huang, Y., Jiang, Z., Yang, X., Yang, Z., Chen, Q., 2016. Investigation on the potential of waste cooking oil as a grinding aid in Portland cement. Journal of environmental management, 184, 545-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.027
• Li, W.F., Ma, S.H., Hu, Y.Y., Shen, X.D. 2015. The mechanochemical process and properties of Portland cement with the addition of new alkanolamines. Powder Technol. 286, 750–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.09.024
• Locher, F.W., Seebach, H.M. 1972. Influence of adsorption on industrial grinding. Ind. & Eng. Chem. Des. Develop., 11(2), 190-197.
• Mymrin, V.A. 1997. Environment protection by industrial wastes utilization for engineering geology goals. In: International symposium on engineering geology and the environment, 23–27 June, Athens, Greece, 1–3:2027–2031
• Oksuzoglu, B., Ucurum, M. 2016. An experimental study on the ultra-fine grinding of gypsum ore in a dry ball mill. Powder Technology, 291, 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.12.027
• Orumwense, O.A. and Forssberg, E. 1992. Superfine and ultrafine grinding-a literature survey. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 11, 107-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827509208914216
• Sabine, S., 2013. The role of universities in fostering sustainable development at the regional level. J. Clean. Prod. 48, 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.029
• Toraman, O.Y. 2012. Effect of chemical additive on stirred bead milling of calcite powder. Powder technology, 221, 189-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.067
• Tuunila, R., 1997. Ultrafine grinding of FGD and phosphogypsum with an attrition bead mill and a jet mill: optimisation and modelling of grinding and mill comparison, Thesis (PhD), Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology.
• Wang, Y. and Forssberg, E. 1995. Dispersants in stirred ball mill grinding, KONA Powder and Particle Journal, 13, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.14356/kona.1995011
• Zheng, J., Harris, C.C. and Somasundaran, P. 1997. The effect of additives on stirred media milling of limestone, Powder Technology, 91 (3), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(96)03236-6