6 Şubat 2023 Türkiye depremleri: Travma tepkisi ve iyileşme

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de 2023 yılında meydana gelen depremden etkilenen bireylerin deneyimlerini, felaketin ardından geçen iki yıllık dönemi kapsayacak şekilde incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma tasarımı olan anlatı araştırması kullanılmıştır. 22 ila 68 yaşları arasında olan ve 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremi sırasında belirlenen deprem bölgesinde ikamet eden 16 katılımcı (M=32,62, SD=10,9) ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerin sonraki analizinde tematik ve anlatımsal analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, deprem sonrasında bireylerin art arda çok sayıda norm dışı yaşam olayı yaşadığını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, denekler felaketin akut aşamasından iki yıl sonrasına kadar yoğun travma tepkileri, korku ve öfke duyguları, aşırı uyarılma ve reaktivite yaşamışlardır. Depremin ardından akut dönemde en sık kullanılan başa çıkma mekanizması “dayanışma” olmuştur. Konutları yıkılan birçok kişinin konteynırlara veya afet bölgesi dışındaki alanlara yerleştirilmesi, topluma aidiyet duygularını etkilemiştir. Bazı katılımcılar Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) belirtileri göstermeye devam ederken, travma sonrası büyüme de sergilemişlerdir. Bulgular, ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve araştırmacılar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• afet ruh sağlığı
• travma
• başa çıkma
• dayanışma
• anlatı araştırması

6 February 2023 Türkiye earthquakes: Trauma response and recovery

Abstract

The present study examines the experiences of individuals affected by the 2023 earthquake in Turkey, covering the two-year period following the disaster. The present study employed narrative inquiry, a qualitative research design. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 participants (M=32.62, SD=10.9) whose ages ranged from 22 to 68 and who resided in the designated earthquake zone during the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Thematic and narrative analysis methods were utilised in the subsequent analysis of the interviews. The findings demonstrate that, in the aftermath of the earthquake, individuals experienced a multitude of non-normative life events in succession. In this regard, the subjects experienced intense trauma responses and feelings of fear and anger, as well as hyperarousal and reactivity, from the acute phase of the disaster until two years later. The most frequently employed coping mechanism in the acute phase following the earthquake was 'solidarity'. The relocation of many individuals whose residences were destroyed to containers or areas outside the disaster zone has affected their sense of community belonging. While some participants continued to exhibit symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), they also demonstrated post-traumatic growth. The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature, and recommendations were made for researchers.

Keywords

• disaster mental health
• trauma
• coping
• solidarity
• narrative inquiry

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