FETEMM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KARİYER İHTİYAÇLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Year 2020,
Issue: 54, 461 - 487, 29.04.2020
Fidan Korkut Owen
,
Bahtiyar Eraslan Çapan
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Fen Teknoloji Mühendislik ve Matematik (FeTeMM) alanlarında eğitim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer ihtiyaçlarının cinsiyetlerine, sınıflarına, ailelerinde üniversite mezunu olmasına, çalışma ve staj deneyimlerine sahip olma durumuna, bölümü tercih etme sıralarına ve kariyer yardımı alıp almamalarına göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Katılımcılar İç Anadolu Bölgesindeki orta ölçekli bir şehirdeki iki kamu üniversitesinde FeTeMM alanlarında okuyan 378 (% 57.4) kadın 281 (% 42.6) erkek, toplam 659 öğrencidir. Araştırmada verileri Kariyer Gelişimi İhtiyaçları Anketi ve Kariyerle İlgili Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Analizler t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi aracılığı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre kadın öğrencilerin kendini tanıma alanında; ikinci ve üçüncü sınıflardaki öğrencilerin iş ve eğitim olanaklarını keşfetme alanında; çalışma deneyimi olmayan ve kariyer yardımı almayanların kendini tanıma, iş ve eğitim olanaklarını keşfetme ve kariyer planlamada; staj deneyimi olmayanların iş ve eğitim olanaklarını keşfetme ve kariyer planlama konusunda kariyer ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca ilk kuşak üniversite öğrencilerinin ve büyük anne /babası üniversite mezunu olanların kendini tanıma alanında daha az kariyer ihtiyacının olduğu bulgusu da elde edilmiştir. Bulgular alanyazına göre tartışılmış ve bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.
Supporting Institution
Yok
Thanks
Uygulama yapılan öğrencilere teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Acton, Riley K. (2015). Characteristics of STEM Success: A survival analysis model of factors influencing time to graduation among undergraduate STEM majors. Business and Economics Honors Papers. 1. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/bus_econ_hon/1
- Akoğlan Kozak, M. ve Dalkıranoğlu, T. (2013). Mezun öğrencilerin kariyer algılamaları: Anadolu Üniversitesi örneği. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 41-52.
- Anderson, E. & Kim, D. (2006). Increasing the success of minority students in science and technology. the unfinished agenda: ensuring success for students of color. Washington, DC: American Council On Education.
- Aspelmeier, J. E., Love, M. M., McGill, M. A., Elliott, A. N., & Pierce, T. W. (2012). Self-esteem, locus of control, college adjustment, and GPA among first- and continuing-generation students: A moderator model of generational status. Research in Higher Education, 53(7), 755-781.
- Atik, G. ve Yalçın, İ. (2010). Counseling needs of educational, sciences students at the Ankara University. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1520-1526.
- Basaran- Symes, C. (2015). TUSİAD yönetim kurulu başkanı Cansen Basaran-Symes’ın "Eğitimde yeni trendler: STEM konferansı” açılış konuşması. 18.05.2016 tarihindehttp://tusiad.org/tr/konusma-metinleri/item/8428-tusiad-yonetim-kurulu-baskanicansen-basaran-symesin-eitimde-yeni-trendler-stem-konferansi-acilis-konusmasi adresinden alınmıştır.
- Boe, M. V., Henriksen, E. K., Lyons, T., & Schreiner, C. (2011). Participation in science and technology: Young people’s achievement-related choices in late-modern societies. Studies in Science Education, 47(1), 37–72.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş, Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, (19. Baskı) Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- Carnevale, A. P., Melton, M. & Smith, N. (2011) STEM: Science, technology engineering, mathematics Executive summary. Report issued by the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/stemcomplete. Pdf
- Chen, X., & Carroll, C.D. (2005). First-Generation students in postsecondary education: A look at their college transcripts (NCES 2005–171,) Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.; 2005. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005171.pdf
- Chircu, S. (2013). Career counseling needs for students – a comparative study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 549 – 553.
- Chow, A., Eccles, J.S., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2012). Task value profiles across subjects and aspirations to physical and IT-related sciences in the United States and Finland. Developmental Psychology, 48:1612–1628. doi: 10.1037/a0030194
- Crişan, C., Pavelea, A. & Ghimbulut, O. (2014). A need assessment on students’ career guidance. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1022-1029.
- Eraslan-Çapan, B. ve Korkut-Owen, F. (2017). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin yönelmeyi düşündükleri eğitim alanları ve kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(6), 551-568.
- European Parliement (2015). Encouraging STEM studies: Labour market situation and comparison of practices targeted at young people in different member states. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/542199/IPOL_STU(2015)542199_EN.pdf
- Fergusson, D.M. & Woodward, L.J. (2000). Family socioeconomic status at birth and rates of university participation. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 35(1): 25-36.
- Fayer, S., Lacey, A. & Watson, A. (2017). STEM occupations: Past, present, and future. https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2017/science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-occupations-past-present-and-future/pdf/science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-occupations-past-present-and-future.pdf
- Fouad, N. A., Guillen, A., Harris-Hodge, E., Henry, C., Novakovic, A., Terry, S. & Kantamneni, N. (2006). Need, awareness, and use of career services for college students. Journal of Career Assessment, 14, 407–420. doi:10.1177/1069072706288928
- Hicks, T. (2012). College experiences and self-efficacy of first-generation students versus other students enrolled in a STEM discipline at a historically black college and university. Doctoral Dissertation, University of North Carolina, NC; USA.
Hottinger, J. A., & Rose, C. P. (2006). First-Generation college students. In Cohn, L. A. & Albin, G. R. (Eds.), Understanding College Student Subpopulations: A Guide for Student Affairs Professionals (pp.115 - 134). NA: NASPA
- Huebinger, L.A.R. (2018). Factors that influence 4-H members' intentions to select STEM majors. Doctoral Dissertation, Tarleton State University, USA.
- Hurtado, S., Eagan, M. K. Jr. & Chang, M. (2010). Degrees of success: Bachelor’s degree completion rates among initial STEM majors. 15 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde
http://heri.ucla.edu/publications-main.php adresinden alınmıstır.
- Hutchinson, J. (September, 2012). Career-related learning and science education: The changing landscape, School Science Review, 94(346) 91-97. http://derby.openrepository.com/derby/handle/10545/243597
- Işık, E. (2007, Eylül). Üniversite öğrencilerinin üniversitelerinde verilen kariyer danışmanlığı hizmetlerine ilişkin algı ve beklentileri. XVI. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tokat.
- Jones, J. I. (2014). An overview of employment and wages in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) groups. Between the Numbers (Vol. 3, No. 8). Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/key_workplace
- Karataş, A. ve Gizir, C. A. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik danışma ihtiyaçlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 250-265.
- Karimi, J., Muthaa, G., Bururia, D., Karimi, V. & Mburugu, B. (2014). Assessment of counseling needs among students in Kenyan Universities. Journal of Educational Practice, 5(12), 36-42.
- Kirkpatrick, L. (2015). Investigating the impact of factors on Hispanic students’ college major choices in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical Fields. Doctoral Dissertation, Tarleton State University, USA.
- Korkut-Owen, F., Kelecioğlu, H. ve Owen, D. W. (2014). Cinsiyetlere göre üniversitelerdeki onbir yıllık eğilim: Kariyer danışmanlığı için doğurgular. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(1), 794-813.
- Korkut-Owen, F., Kepir, D.D., Ozdemir, S., Ulas, O. ve Yılmaz, O. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bölüm seçme nedenleri. Mersin Universitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (3), 135-151.
- Korkut -Owen, F. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişim ihtiyaçları. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 32(2), 28-39
- Leong, F.T.L. & Sedlacek, W.E. (1989). Academic and career needs of international and United States college students. Journal of College Student Development, 30(2), 106-111.
- Lichtenberger, E. & George-Jackson, C. (2013). Predicting high school students' interest in majoring in a STEM field: Insight into high school students' postsecondary plans. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 28(1), 19-38.
- Maltese, A. V. & Tai, R. H. (2011). Pipeline persistence: Examining the association of educational experiences with earned degrees in STEM among U.S. students. Science Education, 95, 877–907.
- McBride, J. L. & Muffo, J. A. (1994). Students assess their own career goals and service needs. Journal of Career Planning and Employment, 54(3), 26-35.
- Miller, J.D., & Benbow, C.P. (2012). Introduction to staying ahead of the Gathering Storm. Peabody Journal of Education, 87(1), 1–5.
- Miller J.D. & Solberg, V.S. (2012) The composition of the STEMM workforce: Rationale for differentiating STEMM professional and STEMM support careers, Peabody Journal of Education, 87(1), 6-15, DOI: 10.1080/0161956X.2012.642232
- Morgan, S. L., Gelbgiser, D., & Weeden, K. A. (2013). Feeding the pipeline: Gender, occupational plans, and college major selection. Social Science Research, 42,. 989 – 1005.
- National Science Board (2015). Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2015. Aşağıdaki web sayfasından 07 ocak 2015 tarihinde http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/2013/pdf/nsf13304_digest.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- Niles, S G. & Harris-Bowlbey, J. (2013). Career development interventions in the 21st century (4. ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
- Nixon, A. E., Meikle, H. & Borman. M. (2007). The urgent need to encourage aspiring engineers: Effects of college degree program culture on female and minority student STEM participation. Latin American and Caribbean Journal of Engineering Education, 1(2), 57-63. http://journal.laccei.org/index.php/lacjee/article/view/11/10 adresinden erişildi.
- Nowakowski, C. (2002). Career planning needs of students (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Western Michigan University, USA. Temmuz 2018 tarihinde https://scholarworks. wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2298&context=dissertations adresinden erişildi.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2017). Education at a glance 2017 OECD indicators. https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/eag2017_eng.pdf
- Orçan, F. ve Çelik, R. (2018). Birinci kuşak üniversite öğrencilerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 7(3), 2013-2024.
- Özen, Y. ve Gülaçtı, F. (2006). Genel lise ve imam hatip lisesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin meslekleri prestij yönünden algılamaları ve algılamalarını etkileyen bazı faktörler. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 49-68.
- Padron, E. J. (1992). The challenge of first-generation college students: A Miami-Dade perspective. New Directions for Community Colleges, 80, 71-80.
- Parker, P., Nagy, G., Trautwein, U., & Ludtke, O. (2014). Predicting career aspirations and university majors from academic ability and self-concept: A longitudinal application of the internal–external frame of reference model. In I. Schoon, & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Gender differences in aspirations and attainment: A life course perspective (pp. 224–246). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Root-Bernstein, R., Van Dykeb, M., Peruskic, A., & Root-Bernsteind, M. (2019). Correlation between tools for thinking; arts, crafts, and design avocations; and scientific achievement among STEMM professionals. Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 116(6), 1910-1917.
- Salami, S. & Oyesoji-Aremu, A. (2007). Impact of parent‐child relationship on the career development process of high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Career Development International, 12 (7), 596-616. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430710834387
- Schmidt, F.L. (2014). A general theoretical integrative model of individual differences in interests, abilities, personality traits, and academic and occupational achievement: A commentary on four recent articles, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(2) 211– 218. doi: 10.1177/1745691613518074
- Simpkins, S. D., Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2012). Charting the Eccles’ expectancy-value model from mothers’ beliefs in childhood to youths’ activities in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1019–1032.
- Staniec, J. F. O. (2004).The effects of race, sex, and expected returns on the choice of college major. Eastern Economic Journal, 30, 549–562.
- Sunar, L. (2015). Türkiye mesleki itibar araştırması. 04 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde aşağıdaki http://turkeyses.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/T%C3%BCrkiye-Mesleki-%C4%B0tibar- Skalas%C4%B1-Sunumu-Son.pdf adresten alınmıştır.
- Terenzini, P., Springer, L.,Yaeger, P., Pascarella, E., & Nora, A. (1996). First-generation college students: Characteristics, experiences, and cognitive development. Research in Higher Education, 37, 1–22.
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration (2011). STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future, 04 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf adresinden erişildi
- Valian, V. (2014). Interests, gender, and science, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(2) 225– 230. doi: 10.1177/1745691613519109
- Wang M. T. (2012). Educational and career interests in math: A longitudinal examination of the links between classroom environment, motivational beliefs, and interests. Developmental Psychology, 1, 1–22.
- Wang, X. (2013). Why students choose STEM majors: Motivation, high school learning, and postsecondary context of support. American Educational Research Journal, 50, 1081– 1121.
- Wang M. & Degol J. (2013). Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancy–value perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields”. Developmental Review 33/4 (2013) 304-340.
- Yerin Güneri, O. ve Çapa Aydın, Y. (2012, Ekim). Most pressing counseling need of Turkish university students: Current and future career concerns. IAEVG International Conference, Mannheim, Germany.
- Yerin-Güneri, O., Owen, D.W., Tanrıkulu, İ., Dolunay-Cuğ, F. ve Büyükgöze-Kavas, A. (2016). Eğitim Fakültesi öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişimi ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesi. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 12(1), 178-193.
Year 2020,
Issue: 54, 461 - 487, 29.04.2020
Fidan Korkut Owen
,
Bahtiyar Eraslan Çapan
References
- Acton, Riley K. (2015). Characteristics of STEM Success: A survival analysis model of factors influencing time to graduation among undergraduate STEM majors. Business and Economics Honors Papers. 1. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/bus_econ_hon/1
- Akoğlan Kozak, M. ve Dalkıranoğlu, T. (2013). Mezun öğrencilerin kariyer algılamaları: Anadolu Üniversitesi örneği. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 41-52.
- Anderson, E. & Kim, D. (2006). Increasing the success of minority students in science and technology. the unfinished agenda: ensuring success for students of color. Washington, DC: American Council On Education.
- Aspelmeier, J. E., Love, M. M., McGill, M. A., Elliott, A. N., & Pierce, T. W. (2012). Self-esteem, locus of control, college adjustment, and GPA among first- and continuing-generation students: A moderator model of generational status. Research in Higher Education, 53(7), 755-781.
- Atik, G. ve Yalçın, İ. (2010). Counseling needs of educational, sciences students at the Ankara University. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1520-1526.
- Basaran- Symes, C. (2015). TUSİAD yönetim kurulu başkanı Cansen Basaran-Symes’ın "Eğitimde yeni trendler: STEM konferansı” açılış konuşması. 18.05.2016 tarihindehttp://tusiad.org/tr/konusma-metinleri/item/8428-tusiad-yonetim-kurulu-baskanicansen-basaran-symesin-eitimde-yeni-trendler-stem-konferansi-acilis-konusmasi adresinden alınmıştır.
- Boe, M. V., Henriksen, E. K., Lyons, T., & Schreiner, C. (2011). Participation in science and technology: Young people’s achievement-related choices in late-modern societies. Studies in Science Education, 47(1), 37–72.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş, Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, (19. Baskı) Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- Carnevale, A. P., Melton, M. & Smith, N. (2011) STEM: Science, technology engineering, mathematics Executive summary. Report issued by the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/stemcomplete. Pdf
- Chen, X., & Carroll, C.D. (2005). First-Generation students in postsecondary education: A look at their college transcripts (NCES 2005–171,) Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.; 2005. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005171.pdf
- Chircu, S. (2013). Career counseling needs for students – a comparative study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 549 – 553.
- Chow, A., Eccles, J.S., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2012). Task value profiles across subjects and aspirations to physical and IT-related sciences in the United States and Finland. Developmental Psychology, 48:1612–1628. doi: 10.1037/a0030194
- Crişan, C., Pavelea, A. & Ghimbulut, O. (2014). A need assessment on students’ career guidance. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1022-1029.
- Eraslan-Çapan, B. ve Korkut-Owen, F. (2017). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin yönelmeyi düşündükleri eğitim alanları ve kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(6), 551-568.
- European Parliement (2015). Encouraging STEM studies: Labour market situation and comparison of practices targeted at young people in different member states. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/542199/IPOL_STU(2015)542199_EN.pdf
- Fergusson, D.M. & Woodward, L.J. (2000). Family socioeconomic status at birth and rates of university participation. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 35(1): 25-36.
- Fayer, S., Lacey, A. & Watson, A. (2017). STEM occupations: Past, present, and future. https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2017/science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-occupations-past-present-and-future/pdf/science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-occupations-past-present-and-future.pdf
- Fouad, N. A., Guillen, A., Harris-Hodge, E., Henry, C., Novakovic, A., Terry, S. & Kantamneni, N. (2006). Need, awareness, and use of career services for college students. Journal of Career Assessment, 14, 407–420. doi:10.1177/1069072706288928
- Hicks, T. (2012). College experiences and self-efficacy of first-generation students versus other students enrolled in a STEM discipline at a historically black college and university. Doctoral Dissertation, University of North Carolina, NC; USA.
Hottinger, J. A., & Rose, C. P. (2006). First-Generation college students. In Cohn, L. A. & Albin, G. R. (Eds.), Understanding College Student Subpopulations: A Guide for Student Affairs Professionals (pp.115 - 134). NA: NASPA
- Huebinger, L.A.R. (2018). Factors that influence 4-H members' intentions to select STEM majors. Doctoral Dissertation, Tarleton State University, USA.
- Hurtado, S., Eagan, M. K. Jr. & Chang, M. (2010). Degrees of success: Bachelor’s degree completion rates among initial STEM majors. 15 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde
http://heri.ucla.edu/publications-main.php adresinden alınmıstır.
- Hutchinson, J. (September, 2012). Career-related learning and science education: The changing landscape, School Science Review, 94(346) 91-97. http://derby.openrepository.com/derby/handle/10545/243597
- Işık, E. (2007, Eylül). Üniversite öğrencilerinin üniversitelerinde verilen kariyer danışmanlığı hizmetlerine ilişkin algı ve beklentileri. XVI. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tokat.
- Jones, J. I. (2014). An overview of employment and wages in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) groups. Between the Numbers (Vol. 3, No. 8). Washington, DC: Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/key_workplace
- Karataş, A. ve Gizir, C. A. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik danışma ihtiyaçlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 250-265.
- Karimi, J., Muthaa, G., Bururia, D., Karimi, V. & Mburugu, B. (2014). Assessment of counseling needs among students in Kenyan Universities. Journal of Educational Practice, 5(12), 36-42.
- Kirkpatrick, L. (2015). Investigating the impact of factors on Hispanic students’ college major choices in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical Fields. Doctoral Dissertation, Tarleton State University, USA.
- Korkut-Owen, F., Kelecioğlu, H. ve Owen, D. W. (2014). Cinsiyetlere göre üniversitelerdeki onbir yıllık eğilim: Kariyer danışmanlığı için doğurgular. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(1), 794-813.
- Korkut-Owen, F., Kepir, D.D., Ozdemir, S., Ulas, O. ve Yılmaz, O. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bölüm seçme nedenleri. Mersin Universitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (3), 135-151.
- Korkut -Owen, F. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişim ihtiyaçları. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 32(2), 28-39
- Leong, F.T.L. & Sedlacek, W.E. (1989). Academic and career needs of international and United States college students. Journal of College Student Development, 30(2), 106-111.
- Lichtenberger, E. & George-Jackson, C. (2013). Predicting high school students' interest in majoring in a STEM field: Insight into high school students' postsecondary plans. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 28(1), 19-38.
- Maltese, A. V. & Tai, R. H. (2011). Pipeline persistence: Examining the association of educational experiences with earned degrees in STEM among U.S. students. Science Education, 95, 877–907.
- McBride, J. L. & Muffo, J. A. (1994). Students assess their own career goals and service needs. Journal of Career Planning and Employment, 54(3), 26-35.
- Miller, J.D., & Benbow, C.P. (2012). Introduction to staying ahead of the Gathering Storm. Peabody Journal of Education, 87(1), 1–5.
- Miller J.D. & Solberg, V.S. (2012) The composition of the STEMM workforce: Rationale for differentiating STEMM professional and STEMM support careers, Peabody Journal of Education, 87(1), 6-15, DOI: 10.1080/0161956X.2012.642232
- Morgan, S. L., Gelbgiser, D., & Weeden, K. A. (2013). Feeding the pipeline: Gender, occupational plans, and college major selection. Social Science Research, 42,. 989 – 1005.
- National Science Board (2015). Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2015. Aşağıdaki web sayfasından 07 ocak 2015 tarihinde http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/2013/pdf/nsf13304_digest.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- Niles, S G. & Harris-Bowlbey, J. (2013). Career development interventions in the 21st century (4. ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
- Nixon, A. E., Meikle, H. & Borman. M. (2007). The urgent need to encourage aspiring engineers: Effects of college degree program culture on female and minority student STEM participation. Latin American and Caribbean Journal of Engineering Education, 1(2), 57-63. http://journal.laccei.org/index.php/lacjee/article/view/11/10 adresinden erişildi.
- Nowakowski, C. (2002). Career planning needs of students (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Western Michigan University, USA. Temmuz 2018 tarihinde https://scholarworks. wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2298&context=dissertations adresinden erişildi.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2017). Education at a glance 2017 OECD indicators. https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/eag2017_eng.pdf
- Orçan, F. ve Çelik, R. (2018). Birinci kuşak üniversite öğrencilerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 7(3), 2013-2024.
- Özen, Y. ve Gülaçtı, F. (2006). Genel lise ve imam hatip lisesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin meslekleri prestij yönünden algılamaları ve algılamalarını etkileyen bazı faktörler. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 49-68.
- Padron, E. J. (1992). The challenge of first-generation college students: A Miami-Dade perspective. New Directions for Community Colleges, 80, 71-80.
- Parker, P., Nagy, G., Trautwein, U., & Ludtke, O. (2014). Predicting career aspirations and university majors from academic ability and self-concept: A longitudinal application of the internal–external frame of reference model. In I. Schoon, & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Gender differences in aspirations and attainment: A life course perspective (pp. 224–246). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Root-Bernstein, R., Van Dykeb, M., Peruskic, A., & Root-Bernsteind, M. (2019). Correlation between tools for thinking; arts, crafts, and design avocations; and scientific achievement among STEMM professionals. Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 116(6), 1910-1917.
- Salami, S. & Oyesoji-Aremu, A. (2007). Impact of parent‐child relationship on the career development process of high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Career Development International, 12 (7), 596-616. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430710834387
- Schmidt, F.L. (2014). A general theoretical integrative model of individual differences in interests, abilities, personality traits, and academic and occupational achievement: A commentary on four recent articles, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(2) 211– 218. doi: 10.1177/1745691613518074
- Simpkins, S. D., Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2012). Charting the Eccles’ expectancy-value model from mothers’ beliefs in childhood to youths’ activities in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1019–1032.
- Staniec, J. F. O. (2004).The effects of race, sex, and expected returns on the choice of college major. Eastern Economic Journal, 30, 549–562.
- Sunar, L. (2015). Türkiye mesleki itibar araştırması. 04 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde aşağıdaki http://turkeyses.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/T%C3%BCrkiye-Mesleki-%C4%B0tibar- Skalas%C4%B1-Sunumu-Son.pdf adresten alınmıştır.
- Terenzini, P., Springer, L.,Yaeger, P., Pascarella, E., & Nora, A. (1996). First-generation college students: Characteristics, experiences, and cognitive development. Research in Higher Education, 37, 1–22.
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration (2011). STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future, 04 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde http://www.esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf adresinden erişildi
- Valian, V. (2014). Interests, gender, and science, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(2) 225– 230. doi: 10.1177/1745691613519109
- Wang M. T. (2012). Educational and career interests in math: A longitudinal examination of the links between classroom environment, motivational beliefs, and interests. Developmental Psychology, 1, 1–22.
- Wang, X. (2013). Why students choose STEM majors: Motivation, high school learning, and postsecondary context of support. American Educational Research Journal, 50, 1081– 1121.
- Wang M. & Degol J. (2013). Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancy–value perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields”. Developmental Review 33/4 (2013) 304-340.
- Yerin Güneri, O. ve Çapa Aydın, Y. (2012, Ekim). Most pressing counseling need of Turkish university students: Current and future career concerns. IAEVG International Conference, Mannheim, Germany.
- Yerin-Güneri, O., Owen, D.W., Tanrıkulu, İ., Dolunay-Cuğ, F. ve Büyükgöze-Kavas, A. (2016). Eğitim Fakültesi öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişimi ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesi. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 12(1), 178-193.