Evaluation of Some Serum Acute Phase Proteins in Goats with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Siirt Province
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate certain acute phase proteins in goats with infectious keratoconjunctivitis. For this purpose, a total of 75 goats were used—50 with IKC and 25 healthy controls. After routine general and ophthalmic examinations (body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, lymph node palpation, abdominal palpation, and lung auscultation), eye swabs were collected from goats diagnosed with IKC. A total of 15 different bacteria were isolated from the eye swabs. The serum was separated from the blood samples taken from the goats included in the study and stored at -20 °C until analysis. Serum levels of amyloid A, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Significant increases in acute phase protein levels were observed in the IKC group. Based on the results, it was suggested that acute phase proteins may be useful indicators for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation developing during IKC.
Ethical Statement
Siirt University Local Animal Experiment Ethics Committee with decision number 2021/01/06.
Supporting Institution
Siirt University Scientific Research Projects Unit
Project Number
Siirt University Scientific Research Projects Unit under project number 2021-SİÜVET-034
References
- Alsemgeest, S. P. M., Taverne, M. A., Boosman, R., van der Weyden, B. C., Gruys, E. (1993). Peripartum acute-phase protein serum amyloid-A concentration in plasma or cows and fetuses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 54(1), 164-167. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.01.164
- Angelos, J. A. (2016). Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Cattle and Small Ruminants. In A. Abuelo (Ed.), Merck Veterinary Manual (11 ed., pp. 512-514). Merck & Co., INC. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/eye-diseases-and-disorders/infectious-keratoconjunctivitis/infectious-keratoconjunctivitis-in-cattle-and-small-ruminants
- Boosman, R., Niewold, T. A., Mutsaers, C. W., Gruys, E. (1989). Serum amyloid A concentrations in cows given endotoxin as an acute-phase stimulant. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50(10), 1690-1694.
- Bozukluhan, K. (2008). Retikuloperitonitis travmatikalı sığırlarda hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve bazı akut faz proteinlerin araştırılması [Doktora tezi, Kafkas Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. Kars.
- Bozukluhan, K., Merhan, O., Büyük, F., Akyüz, E., Gezer, T., Eğritağ, H. E., Gökçe, G. (2022). Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ile enfekte sığırlarda bazı akut faz protein ve biyokimyasal parametre düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Bozok Veterinary Sciences, 3(2), 47-51.
- Bozukluhan, K., Merhan, O., Gökçe, H. İ., Öğün, M., Atakişi, E., Kızıltepe, Ş., Gökçe, G. (2018). Determination of some acute phase proteins, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in sheep with naturally infected sheeppox virus. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3).
- Ceciliani, F., Giordano, A., Spagnolo, V. (2002). The systemic reaction during inflammation: the acute-phase proteins. Protein and peptide letters, 9(3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929866023408779
- Coşkun, A., Şen, I. (2011). Clinical Use of Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle. Journal of Health Sciences, 20(3), 240-246.
- Cray, C. (2012). Acute Phase Proteins in Animals. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 105, 113-150.
- Çakır, L., Gümüşsoy, K. S., Kutsal, O., Tunç, A. S. (2014). Evaluation of brush cytology (cytospin technique) and cultural results in the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis in a goat herd. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(1), 35-41.
- Biswas, D., Saifuddin, A. K. M. (2017). Effect of different treatment patterns on infectious kerato-conjuctivitis in goats. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 1603-1609.
- Eckersall, P., Bell, R. (2010). Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. The Veterinary Journal, 185(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009
- El-Deeb, W. M., Tharwat, M. (2015). Lipoproteins profile, acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(3), 581-588.
- Fernández‐Aguilar, X., Rossi, L., Cabezón, Ó., Giorgino, A., Victoriano Llopis, I., Frey, J., & López‐Olvera, J. R. (2017). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis and occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydiaceae in small domestic ruminants from Central Karakoram, Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 181(9), 237-244.
- Ganheim, C., Hulten, C., Carlsson, U., Kindahl, H., Niskanen, R., Waller, K. P. (2003). The acute phase response in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and/or Mannheimia haemolytica. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 50(4), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00658.x
- Gelormini, G., Gauthier, D., Vilei, E. M., Crampe, J.-P., Frey, J., Ryser-Degiorgis, M.-P. (2017). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild Caprinae: merging field observations and molecular analyses sheds light on factors shaping outbreak dynamics. BMC veterinary research, 13, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-0972-0
- Gonçalves, L. M. T., Bezerra, A. C. P. A., Ferreira, B., Barroso, H. P. S., de Moraes Pereira, H (2026). Clinical and bacteriological diagnosis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in ruminants from herds in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Brazilian Animal Science, 27.
- Gökce, H. İ., Bozukluhan, K. (2009). Çiftlik hayvanlarında önemli akut faz proteinleri ve bunların veteriner hekimlik alanındaki kullanımı. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi(1), 1-14.
- Haile, W. A., & Ayano, T. (2021). A brief review on the prevalence, diagnosis prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Pure Appl Biosci, 3, 42-9.
- Hammadi, K. M. (2015). Bacteriological study of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Iraqi Sheep. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 8(1), 42-48.
- Heegaard, P. M., Godson, D. L., Toussaint, M. J., Tjørnehøj, K., Larsen, L. E., Viuff, B., Rønsholt, L. (2000). The acute phase response of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in cattle undergoing experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 77(1-2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00226-9
- Horadagoda, A., Eckersall, P., Alsemgeest, S., Gibbs, H. (1993). Purification and quantitative measurement of bovine serum amyloid-A. Research in Veterinary Science, 55(3), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(93)90101-k
- Horadagoda, A., Eckersall, P., Hodgson, J., Gibbs, H., Moon, G. (1994). Immediate responses in serum TNFα and acute phase protein concentrations to infection with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in calves. Research in Veterinary Science, 57(1), 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(94)90094-9
- Iliev, P., Georgieva, T. (2018). Acute phase proteins in sheep and goats-function, reference ranges and assessment methods: an overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1050
- Iliev, P., Georgieva, T. (2019). Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1051
- Issi, M., Gül, Y., Başbuğ, O., ULUTAŞ, P. (2017). Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin concentrations in cattle with suspicion of coryza gangrenosa bovum. Veterinarski arhiv, 87(6).
- Jain, S., Gautam, V., Naseem, S. (2011). Acute-phase proteins: As diagnostic tool. Journal of pharmacy and bioallied sciences, 3(1), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.76489
- Karreman, H., Wentink, G., Wensing, T. (2000). Using serum amyloid a to screen dairy cows for sub‐clinical inflammation. Veterinary quarterly, 22(3), 175-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2000.9695051
- Katoh, N., Oikawa, S., Oohashi, T., Takahashi, Y., Itoh, F. (2002). Decreases of apolipoprotein B-100 and AI concentrations and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in nonfed calves. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 64(1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.64.51
- Kozat, S., Özkan, C. (2018). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in Calves Naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research, 1(2), 34-37.
- Murata, H., Shimada, N., Yoshioka, M. (2004). Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. The Veterinary Journal, 168(1), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00119-9
- Orro, T., Jacobsen, S., LePage, J.-P., Niewold, T., Alasuutari, S., Soveri, T. (2008). Temporal changes in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in newborn dairy calves. The Veterinary Journal, 176(2), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.010
- Pandey, G. (2018). An outbreak of infectious caprine kerato-conjunctivitis in a flock of goats-case report. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 57(1), 103-108.
- Powanda, M. C., Moyer, E. D. (2021). A brief, highly selective history of acute phase proteins as indicators of infection, inflammation and injury. Inflammopharmacology, 29(3), 897-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00820-z
- Saher, A. S., Raza, A., Mehmood, K., Nazar, M. A., Muhammad, Malik, A. I., Li, K. (2025). Role of Acute Phase Protein in Infection of Mycoplasma Bovis in Small Ruminants. Unique Scientific Publishers. https://doi.org/10.47278/book.HH/2025.202.
- Samimi, A. S., Aghamiri, S. M., Nazifi, S., Asadi, Z., Farhang, M. (2020). Changes of acute-phase proteins during different physiological conditions in dairy Saanen goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 29(3), 729-732.
- Taşçene, N. (2017). Akut faz proteinlerinin hayvanlarda önemi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 57(1), 52-60.
- Tothova, C. S., Nagy, O., & Kovac, G. (2014). Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review. Veterinární medicína, 59(4), 163-180.
- Williams, H. J., Duncan, J. S., Fisher, S. N., Coates, A., Stokes, J. E., & Gillespie, A. (2019). Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective. Veterinary Record Open, 6(1), 1-7.
Siirt İlinde Enfeksiyöz Keratokonjonktivitli Keçilerde Bazı Serum Akut Faz Proteinlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı infeksiyöz keratokonjuktivit görülen keçilerde bazı akut faz proteinlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla 50’si İKC’li ve 25’i sağlıklı olmak üzere toplam 75 keçi kullanıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hayvanlara rutin genel muayene (beden sıcaklığı, nabız ve solunum sayısı, lenf düğümleri muayenesi, abdominal palpasyon, akciğer oskültasyonu) ve göz muayenesi yapıldıktan sonra, İKC olduğu belirlenen keçilerden göz svabı alındı. Alınan göz svaplarından toplam 15 farklı bakteri izole edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen keçilerden alınan kan örneklerinin serumları ayrıldı ve analiz edilinceye kadar -20 °C’de saklandı. Serum amiloid A, C-reaktif protein, seruloplazmin ve fibrinojenin serum seviyeleri ticari ELISA kitleriyle ölçüldü. İKC grubunda akut faz proteinlerinin düzeylerinde önemli artışlar gözlendi. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, İKC sırasında gelişen inflamasyonun tanı ve takibinde akut faz proteinlerinin önemli olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Ethical Statement
Siirt Üniversitesi Yerel Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurulu, karar numarası 2021/01/06.
Supporting Institution
Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Project Number
Siirt University Scientific Research Projects Unit under project number 2021-SİÜVET-034
References
- Alsemgeest, S. P. M., Taverne, M. A., Boosman, R., van der Weyden, B. C., Gruys, E. (1993). Peripartum acute-phase protein serum amyloid-A concentration in plasma or cows and fetuses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 54(1), 164-167. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.01.164
- Angelos, J. A. (2016). Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Cattle and Small Ruminants. In A. Abuelo (Ed.), Merck Veterinary Manual (11 ed., pp. 512-514). Merck & Co., INC. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/eye-diseases-and-disorders/infectious-keratoconjunctivitis/infectious-keratoconjunctivitis-in-cattle-and-small-ruminants
- Boosman, R., Niewold, T. A., Mutsaers, C. W., Gruys, E. (1989). Serum amyloid A concentrations in cows given endotoxin as an acute-phase stimulant. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 50(10), 1690-1694.
- Bozukluhan, K. (2008). Retikuloperitonitis travmatikalı sığırlarda hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve bazı akut faz proteinlerin araştırılması [Doktora tezi, Kafkas Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. Kars.
- Bozukluhan, K., Merhan, O., Büyük, F., Akyüz, E., Gezer, T., Eğritağ, H. E., Gökçe, G. (2022). Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ile enfekte sığırlarda bazı akut faz protein ve biyokimyasal parametre düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Bozok Veterinary Sciences, 3(2), 47-51.
- Bozukluhan, K., Merhan, O., Gökçe, H. İ., Öğün, M., Atakişi, E., Kızıltepe, Ş., Gökçe, G. (2018). Determination of some acute phase proteins, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in sheep with naturally infected sheeppox virus. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3).
- Ceciliani, F., Giordano, A., Spagnolo, V. (2002). The systemic reaction during inflammation: the acute-phase proteins. Protein and peptide letters, 9(3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929866023408779
- Coşkun, A., Şen, I. (2011). Clinical Use of Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle. Journal of Health Sciences, 20(3), 240-246.
- Cray, C. (2012). Acute Phase Proteins in Animals. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 105, 113-150.
- Çakır, L., Gümüşsoy, K. S., Kutsal, O., Tunç, A. S. (2014). Evaluation of brush cytology (cytospin technique) and cultural results in the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis in a goat herd. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(1), 35-41.
- Biswas, D., Saifuddin, A. K. M. (2017). Effect of different treatment patterns on infectious kerato-conjuctivitis in goats. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 1603-1609.
- Eckersall, P., Bell, R. (2010). Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. The Veterinary Journal, 185(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009
- El-Deeb, W. M., Tharwat, M. (2015). Lipoproteins profile, acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(3), 581-588.
- Fernández‐Aguilar, X., Rossi, L., Cabezón, Ó., Giorgino, A., Victoriano Llopis, I., Frey, J., & López‐Olvera, J. R. (2017). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis and occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydiaceae in small domestic ruminants from Central Karakoram, Pakistan. Veterinary Record, 181(9), 237-244.
- Ganheim, C., Hulten, C., Carlsson, U., Kindahl, H., Niskanen, R., Waller, K. P. (2003). The acute phase response in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and/or Mannheimia haemolytica. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 50(4), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00658.x
- Gelormini, G., Gauthier, D., Vilei, E. M., Crampe, J.-P., Frey, J., Ryser-Degiorgis, M.-P. (2017). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild Caprinae: merging field observations and molecular analyses sheds light on factors shaping outbreak dynamics. BMC veterinary research, 13, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-0972-0
- Gonçalves, L. M. T., Bezerra, A. C. P. A., Ferreira, B., Barroso, H. P. S., de Moraes Pereira, H (2026). Clinical and bacteriological diagnosis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in ruminants from herds in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Brazilian Animal Science, 27.
- Gökce, H. İ., Bozukluhan, K. (2009). Çiftlik hayvanlarında önemli akut faz proteinleri ve bunların veteriner hekimlik alanındaki kullanımı. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi(1), 1-14.
- Haile, W. A., & Ayano, T. (2021). A brief review on the prevalence, diagnosis prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Pure Appl Biosci, 3, 42-9.
- Hammadi, K. M. (2015). Bacteriological study of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Iraqi Sheep. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 8(1), 42-48.
- Heegaard, P. M., Godson, D. L., Toussaint, M. J., Tjørnehøj, K., Larsen, L. E., Viuff, B., Rønsholt, L. (2000). The acute phase response of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in cattle undergoing experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 77(1-2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00226-9
- Horadagoda, A., Eckersall, P., Alsemgeest, S., Gibbs, H. (1993). Purification and quantitative measurement of bovine serum amyloid-A. Research in Veterinary Science, 55(3), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(93)90101-k
- Horadagoda, A., Eckersall, P., Hodgson, J., Gibbs, H., Moon, G. (1994). Immediate responses in serum TNFα and acute phase protein concentrations to infection with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in calves. Research in Veterinary Science, 57(1), 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(94)90094-9
- Iliev, P., Georgieva, T. (2018). Acute phase proteins in sheep and goats-function, reference ranges and assessment methods: an overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1050
- Iliev, P., Georgieva, T. (2019). Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1051
- Issi, M., Gül, Y., Başbuğ, O., ULUTAŞ, P. (2017). Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin concentrations in cattle with suspicion of coryza gangrenosa bovum. Veterinarski arhiv, 87(6).
- Jain, S., Gautam, V., Naseem, S. (2011). Acute-phase proteins: As diagnostic tool. Journal of pharmacy and bioallied sciences, 3(1), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.76489
- Karreman, H., Wentink, G., Wensing, T. (2000). Using serum amyloid a to screen dairy cows for sub‐clinical inflammation. Veterinary quarterly, 22(3), 175-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2000.9695051
- Katoh, N., Oikawa, S., Oohashi, T., Takahashi, Y., Itoh, F. (2002). Decreases of apolipoprotein B-100 and AI concentrations and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in nonfed calves. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 64(1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.64.51
- Kozat, S., Özkan, C. (2018). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in Calves Naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research, 1(2), 34-37.
- Murata, H., Shimada, N., Yoshioka, M. (2004). Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. The Veterinary Journal, 168(1), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00119-9
- Orro, T., Jacobsen, S., LePage, J.-P., Niewold, T., Alasuutari, S., Soveri, T. (2008). Temporal changes in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in newborn dairy calves. The Veterinary Journal, 176(2), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.010
- Pandey, G. (2018). An outbreak of infectious caprine kerato-conjunctivitis in a flock of goats-case report. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 57(1), 103-108.
- Powanda, M. C., Moyer, E. D. (2021). A brief, highly selective history of acute phase proteins as indicators of infection, inflammation and injury. Inflammopharmacology, 29(3), 897-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00820-z
- Saher, A. S., Raza, A., Mehmood, K., Nazar, M. A., Muhammad, Malik, A. I., Li, K. (2025). Role of Acute Phase Protein in Infection of Mycoplasma Bovis in Small Ruminants. Unique Scientific Publishers. https://doi.org/10.47278/book.HH/2025.202.
- Samimi, A. S., Aghamiri, S. M., Nazifi, S., Asadi, Z., Farhang, M. (2020). Changes of acute-phase proteins during different physiological conditions in dairy Saanen goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 29(3), 729-732.
- Taşçene, N. (2017). Akut faz proteinlerinin hayvanlarda önemi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 57(1), 52-60.
- Tothova, C. S., Nagy, O., & Kovac, G. (2014). Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review. Veterinární medicína, 59(4), 163-180.
- Williams, H. J., Duncan, J. S., Fisher, S. N., Coates, A., Stokes, J. E., & Gillespie, A. (2019). Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective. Veterinary Record Open, 6(1), 1-7.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Medicine |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Siirt University Scientific Research Projects Unit under project number 2021-SİÜVET-034 |
| Submission Date | November 6, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 24, 2026 |
| Publication Date | April 21, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.1818696 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA98CG42XP |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Issue: 2026 |
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- Font: Aptos (default font for MS Word) or Calibri (Previous default font for MS Word) in 12 pt size for all text including heading, tables, captions, and references)
Language:
- Manuscript must be in English and preferably in US English
Titles and headings:
- Main title should be bold, in all capital letters and aligned middle
- All headings and subheadings should be numbered, bold and each word capitalized (Just Like in This Example)
Main Text Structure and Formatting
Abstract should be 250 words or less
Introduction should be concise with no subheadings.
Structure should follow IMRaD guidelines (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion)
Each section is advised to follow PRISMA 2020 guidelines (https://www.prisma-statement.org/prisma-2020-checklist)
Additional sections can be added when necessary following this example:
- 1. Heading
- 1.1 Subheading
- 1.1.1 Sub-subheading
Abbreviations should be defined at the first mention only to avoid repeating the same definition
Units should follow SI units (International System of Units)
Equations should be prepared using the preferred word processor; avoid images
All paragraphs should start with 1.25 cm of indent (MS Word’s default indent with a single tab)
Special text:
- Italics: Species names, emphasis, variables;
- Bold: Key terms (if needed);
- Quotes: Double quotation marks for direct speech.
Figures and Tables
All figures, tables, and images will be published under a Creative Commons CC-BY license. Authors must obtain permission to use copyrighted materials from other sources, including figures and images that are republished, adapted, modified, or partially sourced
from the internet. It is the authors' responsibility to secure the necessary licenses, adhere to citation requirements specified by third-party rights holders, and cover any additional fees.
All figures and tables should be cited in the text with their sequential numbers
All figures should be sent as separate files and shouldn’t be in the manuscript.
Figure descriptions should be present in the manuscripts for their preferred location
Figures should be sufficiently high resolution and preferable in PNG format
Figures should be prepared with the printing layout of the journal in mind. Length of the text space in MAKU J. Health Sci. Inst. is 220mm and width of a single column is 90mm whereas double column figures is 190mm.
Tables should be in editable format and not as pictures
Table captions should be placed before the table and should not be longer than a paragraph
Tables can be sent as separate files or included in the manuscript
Tables shouldn’t be wider than the page width
Tables should be prepared as a basic table with all borders of 1/2 pt (Default MS Word setting)
Tables with multiple panels should use clear indications using labels such as (A), (B), (C) and (D).
Tables bigger than 190mm by 220mm printing size can not be added to the main text and they can be published as supplementary material.
Tables which don't follow the above guidelines will delay the publication process significantly.
References
Reference style should follow APA guidelines (https://apastyle.apa.org/)
Using a reference manager such as Mendeley, Zotero or Paperpile is highly encouraged to streamline this processes.
Manuscripts which don’t follow reference guidelines will delay the publication process significantly
Ethical and Legal Requirements
Declarations: Include conflict of interest, funding sources, and ethics approval.
Permissions: For reproduced figures/tables, provide written permission.
Supplementary Materials
Data that are not central to the main text or cannot be included in the article due to size or format limitations (e.g., videos, raw data traces, PowerPoint presentations) can be uploaded as supplementary material during submission. These files will be displayed alongside the published article with a link.
Each supplementary material should be submitted as separate files
Each supplementary material should be listed in a separate file (docx or odt) labeled with their description
Each supplementary material should be cited in the manuscript
Supplementary materials can be different types of formats listed but not limited to:
- Data sheets (word, excel documents or other open source alternatives)
- Presentations (PDFs, power point presentations or other open source alternatives)
- Images
- Audio files (mp3, wav, wma)
- Video files (avi, flv, mov, mp4, mpg)
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
Intellectual Property
The Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) for all published articles. This means authors keep their copyright but allow us to publish their work. We collaborate with authors to ensure accurate attribution and citation, enabling readers to freely share, adapt, and build upon the articles with proper acknowledgment. Our use of the CC BY license reflects our commitment to open access and open science, fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing within the scientific community. This ensures free access to our articles and promotes the advancement of research.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
All scientific responsibility of the articles belongs to the authors. The authors of the submitted article must have a specific contribution to the work. Authors' name ordering should be a joint decision. Corresponding author is considered to accept the author sorting by filling in "Author Responsibility and Publication Transfer Form" on behalf of all authors. All of the authors should be listed under the title of article.
Editorial Policy
- Compliance with the Helsinki Declaration Principles is mandatory in all clinical studies (http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html).
- In such studies, the authors are expected to state that they conducted the study in the method section in accordance with the principles and that ethical councils and other persons participating in the study received an "informed consent form".
- In experimental animal studies, authors should protect animal rights and obtain ethical committee approval in accordance with the principles of the Laboratory Animals Care and Use Guide. (http: //www. nap.edu/catalog/5140.html).
- Informed consent forms of the patient should be obtained in case reports.
- Ethics committee approval information should be specified in the method section, along with the name, date and number of the committee.
- In addition, this journal is compatible with all content specified by the "SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND PUBLISHING ETHICS DIRECTIVE for COUNCIL of HIGHER EDUCATION". In case of any incompatibility, the responsibility belongs to the authors regarding the study. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Kurumsal/mevzuat/bilimsel-arastirma-ve-etik-yonetmeligi.aspx
Conflict of Interest
Authors are required to disclose any existing or potential conflicts of interests, including financial, consultant, and institutional, that might lead to potential bias or a conflict of interest. Any financial grants or other support received for a submitted study from individuals or institutions should be disclosed to the Editorial Board. Cases of a potential conflict of interest of the editors, authors, or reviewers are resolved by the journal’s Editorial Board within the scope of COPE and ICMJE guidelines.
The Editorial Board of the journal handles all appeal and complaint cases within the scope of COPE guidelines. In such cases, authors should get in direct contact with the editorial office regarding their appeals and complaints. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all appeals and complaints.
Publication Fees
Publication in this journal is free. There are no publication charges, no submission charges, no article processing charges and no surcharges based on the length of an article, figures or supplementary data. Editorial items (Editorials, Corrections, Additions, Retractions, Letters, Comments, etc.) are published free of charge.
Plagiarism policy
Manuscripts submitted to Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute is evaluated in terms of plagiarism using iThenticate by CrossCheck. Even if you are the author of the phrases or sentences, the text should not have an unacceptable similarity with the previously published data. When you are discussing others' (or your own) previous work, please make sure that you cite the material correctly in every instance.
In the event of alleged or suspected research misconduct, e.g., plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification or fabrication, the Editorial Board will follow and act in accordance with COPE guidelines (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines).
Ethical responsibility
Responsibility of Authors
Responsibility of Section Editors
The final content of the journal must align with its stated aims and scope. A critical aspect of publication is maintaining integrity and objectivity, adhering to established industry standards. This includes selecting expert reviewers in the specific manuscript area to ensure rigorous evaluation. All editorial activities should be conducted in accordance with the COPE short guide to ethical editing, available at https://publicationethics.org/files/A_Short_Guide_to_Ethical_Editing.pdf.
Responsibility of Reviewers
Reviewers play a crucial role in scholarly publishing. Their responsibilities to authors include providing timely, unbiased, and constructive feedback on the work's merits, clarity, conciseness, scientific accuracy, originality, and relevance, while avoiding personal criticism and maintaining confidentiality. Toward editors, reviewers must promptly communicate their availability, disclose any conflicts of interest, adhere to review guidelines, and provide a thorough, fair, and informative critique. This critique should assess the work's scientific merit, originality, and scope, suggest improvements, and, if requested, recommend acceptance or rejection. Reviewers should also identify any ethical concerns, such as violations of research ethics or plagiarism, and refrain from direct contact with the authors.
Price Policy
Publication in this journal is completely free. No additional fees are required for publication, application, manuscript processing, and the length of a figure, figure, or supplemental data. Content items (Editors, Revisions, Additions, Withdraws, Letters, Comments, etc.) are completely free.
Indexes
Journal Boards
Editor in-Chief
Doktora Programı ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ - SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ - HELMİNTOLOJİ (DR) 13.02.2004
Co-Editor
Copy-Editing
Language Editor(s)
Layout
Redactor
Advisory Board
Orcid number https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4750-2801
1983 yılında İzmir’de doğdum. İlk, orta ve lise öğrenimimi İzmir’de tamamladıktan sonra, 2007 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi’nde lisans eğitimimi tamamladım. 2010 yılında Yükseköğretim doktora araştırma bursu kapsamında, İskoçya Glasgow Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesinde yürütülen çalışmalara katıldım. 2011 yılında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsünde Veterinerlik Fizyolojisi alanında doktora unvanını kazandım. 2012-2013 yılları arasında Gıda Kontrol ve Hijyen Denetim subayı olarak askerliğimi yaptıktan sonra, 2013-2016 yılları arasında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Temel Bilimler Bölümü Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı'nda Yardımcı Doçent Doktor olarak akademik kariyerime devam ettim. 2016-2022 yılları arasında aynı bölümde Doçent Doktor olarak görev yaptım. 2022 yılında Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Temel Bilimler Bölümü Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalında çalışmaya başladım. Aynı üniversitede 2023 yılından itibaren Profesör olarak görev yapmaktayım. Bilimsel ilgi alanım; üreme endokrinolojisi üzerine endokrin bozucuların etkilerinin in-vitro ortamda incelenmesidir.
Dr. Abdur Rahman Sial is an Associate Professor in the Department of Animal Sciences, specializing in Animal Nutrition, at the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, a sub-campus of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
He earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) and Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) degrees from UVAS, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Animal Nutrition from Afyon Kocatepe University in Turkey.
Dr. Sial began his career as a Graduate Trainee in Agri Services at Engro Foods in December 2009. In February 2010, he joined UVAS as a faculty member and has since been actively involved in teaching and research. His research interests include ruminant nutrition, particularly the use of non-conventional feedstuffs and industrial byproducts in livestock feeds, as well as poultry nutrition, focusing on alternatives to antibiotics and methods to enhance immunity and performance.
Throughout his career, Dr. Sial has published numerous research papers in both national and international journals and has presented his work at various international conferences. He has also contributed to several book chapters and conference papers, reflecting his active engagement in advancing the field of animal nutrition.
UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB, LAHORE
In recognition of his contributions, Dr. Sial has been cited over 465 times, indicating the impact of his research within the scientific community.
Dr. Sial is also involved in supervising postgraduate students, guiding research projects that explore innovative approaches in animal nutrition. His dedication to education and research continues to contribute significantly to advancements in veterinary and animal sciences
Section Editor(s)
Fizyoterapi, fiziksel aktivite, yaşam kalitesi ve egzersiz uzmanlık alanım
The Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) for all published articles.