KARNAVALİZM, SOKRATİK DİYALOG, MENİPPUSÇU HİCİV VE EREWHON

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 27, 849 - 870, 20.09.2019

Tuncer Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.584130

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Edebiyat ve kültürel çalışmalar ele
alındığında, edebi türlerin arasındaki sınırların bulanıklaştığı ve bunların
giderek birbirine yaklaştığı, dahası kimi durumlarda birbirine geçtiği görülür.
Bu durumun izlerini Antik döneme kadar sürmek olasıdır. Geride bıraktığımız
yüzyılın en önemli edebiyat kuramcılarından biri olarak kabul edilen Mikhail
Bakhtin, roman türünün köklerini de antikiteye dayandırarak türün ortaya
çıkmasında ve gelişmesinde karnavalın, Sokratik diyalogların ve en önemlisi de
Menippusçu hicvin önemine değinir. Bu çalışmada, İngiliz yazar Samuel Butler’ın
Erewhon adlı hiciv romanında
Menippusçu hicvin izleri aranacaktır. 

Keywords

Karnaval, Menippusçu Hiciv, Samuel Butler, Erewhon

CARNIVALISM, SOCRATIC DIALOGUE, MENIPPEAN SATIRE AND EREWHON

Abstract

When literary and cultural studies are considered,
it would be seen that the lines separating the genres have gradually blurred,
leading them to get closer to each other and even intermingling. It is possible
to trace this situation back to the antiquity. One of the most prominent
literary theorists of the pervious century, Mikhail Bakhtin dates the roots of
the novel back to the antiquity and stresses the importance of carnival,
Socratic dialogue and particularly Menippean Satire in the emergence and the
development of the genre. This study aims at exploring Menippean satire with
specific reference to English author Samuel Butler’s satirical novel, Erewhon.

Keywords

Carnival, Menippean Satire, Samuel Butler, Erewhon

References

• ABRAMS, M. H. (1993). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Toronto: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
• ALLEN, G. (2000). Intertextuality: The New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge.
• BAKHTIN, M. (2004a). Carnival and the Carnivalesque. John Storey, (Ed.). Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader (s. 246-255). Georgia: University of Georgia Press. BAKHTIN, M. (2004b). Discourse in the Novel. The Dialogic Imagination. Michael Holquist (Ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
• BAKHTIN, M. (2006). Problems of Dostoyevsky’s Poetics. Caryl Emerson (Çev.) Minneapolis ve Londra: University of Minnesota Press.
• BLANCHARD, W. S. (1995). Scholars’ Beldham: Menippean Satire in the Renaissance. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.
• BOOKER, M. K. (1995). Flann O’Brien, Bakhtin, and Menippean Satire. New York: Syracuse University Press.
• BRODIE, T. L. (2004). The Birthing of the New Testament: The Intertextual Development of the New Testament Writings. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press.
• BURNYEAT, M. (1990). The Theaetetus of Plato. M. J. Levett (Çev.). Indiana: Hackett Publishing.
• BUTLER, S. (1920) Erewhon Revisited, New York: E. P. Dutton&Company.
• BUTLER, S. (1970) Erewhon, or Over the Range, Londra: Penguin.
• DA MATTA, R. (1991). Carnivals, Rogues and Heroes: An interpretation of the Brazilian Dilemma. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
• EMERSON, C. (2004). On the Generation that Squandered its Philosophers (Losev, Bakhtin, and Classical Thought as Equipment for Living). Studies in Eastern European Thought, 56 (2/3) 95-117.
• FREUDENBURG, K. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• FRYE, N. (1971). Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
• HOLLAND, P. (1979). Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy and Menippean Satire, Humanist and English. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). University of London: Londra.
• HUMPHREY, C. (2001). The Politics of Carnival: Festive Misrule in Medieval England. Manchester: Manchaster University Press.
• JONES, H. F. (1919). Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835-1902): A Memoir. II. Cilt. Londra: McMillan and Co..
• JONES, M. V. (2005). Dostoyevsky After Bakhtin: Readings in Dostoyevsky’s Fantastic Realism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• KENNEDY, G. A. (2003). Progymnasmata: Greek Textbooks of Prose Composition and Rhetoric. Leiden: Society of Biblical Literature.
• KIERKEGAARD, S. (1989). The Concept of Irony. Howard V. Hong ve Edna H. Hong (Ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• KRISTEVA, J. (1980). Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Leon S. Roudiez (Ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
• LUCIAN. (2007). Trips to the Moon, Thomas Francklin (Çev.) Middlesex: Echo Library Publishing.
• MCCARTHY, B. P. (1936). The Form of Varro’s Menippean satires. The University of Missouri Studies: Philological Studies in Honour of Walter Miller.
• NIELSEN, G. M. (2002). The Norms of Answerability: Social Theory Between Bakhtin and Habermas. Albany: State University of New York Press.
• PAYNE, F. A. (1981). Chaucer and Menippean Satire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
• RAPPAPORT, R. A. (1999). Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• SCHECHNER, R. (2004). Carnival (theory) after Bakhtin. Milla Cozart Riggio, (Ed.). Carnival: Culture in Action, Trinidad Experience (s. 3-12). New York: Routledge.
• SHEPHERD, D. G. (1993). Introduction: (Mis)Representing Bakhtin, Critical Studies. 3(2).
• SHERBERT, G. (1996). Menippean Satire and the Poetics of Wit: Ideologies of Self-Consciousness in Dunton, D’Urfey, and Sterne. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
• SUÁREZ, J. I. (1993). The Carnival Stage: Vincentine Comedy in Serio-Comic Mode. Cranbury: Associated University Press.
• WEINBROT, H. D. (2005). Menippean Satire Reconsidered: From Antiquity to Eighteenth Century. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.