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BINARY OPPOSITIONS AND ANTHROPOCENTRISM IN J.M. SYNGE’S RIDERS TO THE SEA

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 51, 1658 - 1670, 28.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1732272

Abstract

This study examines the human/nature dichotomy and how this duality is reinforced through an anthropocentric perspective in J.M. Synge’s play Riders to the Sea. Shaped by Synge’s observa-tions on the Aran Islands, the play portrays the sea as both a source of livelihood and a threat. Characters value nature and animals only in relation to their utility to humans. Adopting an ecocritical perspective, this study argues for recognizing nature as an active subject. It also addresses how the binary opposition system rooted in Western metaphysics portrays nature as passive and subordinate, contributing to modern ecological crises. In conclusion, Synge’s play is shown to be driven by anthropocentric discourse, foregrounding nature’s cruelty while conceal-ing human responsibility toward it. The work only highlights the suffering and hardships suf-fered by humans. However, behind these tragic events lie people's own choices and decisions. Furthermore, the work focuses solely on the loss of human lives. The suffering experienced by horses dying in harsh weather conditions and the damage done to nature are neglected. This reflects a perspective that disregards the right to life of non-human creatures.

References

  • Agostini, R. (1996). J.M. Synge’s ‘celestial peasants’. Rural Ireland, Real Ireland?, (ed.: Jacqueline Genet), 159- 175, Buckinghamshire: Colin Smythe.
  • Benson, E. (1982). J.M. Synge. London: Macmillan.
  • Berlin, N. (1981). The secret cause: A discussion of tragedy. Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press.
  • Castle, G. (2001). Modernism and the Celtic revival. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Derrida, J. (1988). Structure, sing, and play in the discourse of the human sciences. Twentieth Century Literary Theory: A reader. (ed.: K. M. Newton), 149-54, York: St. Martin‘s P.
  • Descartes, R. (2003). Discourse on method and meditations. (transl.: Elizabeth S. Hal-dane - G. R. T. Ross), Mineola: Dover.
  • Fermor, U. E. (1939). The Irish dramatic movement. London: Methuen.
  • Fleming, D. (1995). A Man Who Does Not Exist: The Irish Peasant in the Work of W.B. Yeats and J.M. Synge. Michigan: Michigan UP.
  • Genesis, Eski Ahit 1, 26-27.
  • Gerstenberger, D. (1990). John Millington Synge. Boston: Twayne P.
  • Hawkes, D. (1996). Ideology. London: Routledge.
  • Hughes, J. (2000). Ecology and historical materialism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
  • Johnson, A. R. (2007). Stranger in the room: Illuminating female identity through Irish. MA Thesis of Indiana University, Indianapolis.
  • Keleş, R. - Hamamcı, C. (2002). Çevrebilim. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
  • Kennedy, R. E. (1973). The Irish emigration, marriage, and fertility. California: Uni-versity of California.
  • Köseman, Z. (2011) The representation of double nature in Wuthering Heights. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8, 149-157.
  • Murray, C. (1997). Twentieth-century Irish Drama: Mirror up to Nation. Manchester: Manchester UP.
  • McCormack, W. J. (2000). Fool of the family: A life of J. M. Synge. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Morgan, A. E. (2000). Tendencies of modern English drama. New York: Books Nicol-son.
  • Spehn, M. L. (1945). Synge’s conception of drama. Master’s Thesis of Loyola Universi-ty Chicago.
  • Skelton, R. (1991). J.M. Synge: Riders to the Sea. Modern Irish Drama. Ed. John P. Har-rington. New York: W.W. Norton Company. 447- 470.
  • Synge, J. M. (2018). Riders to the sea. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Synge, J.M. (1992). The Aran Islands. (ed.: Tim Robinson), London: Penguin
  • The King James version of the Bible. (2011). E-book edition, Project Gutenberg.
  • White, L. (1967). The historical roots of our ecological crisis. Science, 155, 1203-1207.

J. M. SYNGE’İN DENİZE GİDEN ATLILAR OYUNUNDA İKİLİ KARŞITLIKLAR VE İNSANMERKEZCİLİK

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 51, 1658 - 1670, 28.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1732272

Abstract

Bu çalışma, J.M. Synge’in Denize Giden Atlılar adlı oyununda yer alan insan/doğa karşıtlığını ve bu karşıtlığın insanmerkezci bakış açısıyla nasıl pekiştirildiğini incelemektedir. Synge’in Aran Adaları’ndaki gözlemleriyle şekillenen oyun, denizi hem geçim kaynağı hem de tehdit olarak görür. Oyun kişileri denizi, doğayı ve hayvanları, yalnızca insan yararına hizmet ettiği ölçüde değerli bulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ekoeleştiri kuramı çerçevesinde, doğanın bağımsız bir özne olarak algılanması gerektiğini savunur. Ayrıca Batı metafiziğinden gelen ikili karşıtlık sisteminin, doğayı pasif ve hükmedilmesi gereken bir alan olarak sunmasının, mod-ern çevre sorunlarının temelinde yattığı tartışılır. Sonuç olarak, Synge’in oyununun insan-merkezci söylemden beslendiği ve doğanın acımasızlığını yüceltirken insanın doğaya yönelik sorumluluğunu görünmez kıldığı vurgulanmaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle, eserde sadece in-sanların çektiği acılar ve maruz kaldıkları zorluklar ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. Ancak bu acı olayların arkasında insanların kendi tercihleri ve aldıkları kararlar yer almatadır.Ayrıca çalışma, yalnızca insan hayatlarının kaybına odaklamantadır. Zor hava koşulları altında ölen atların yaşadığı sıkıntılar ve doğaya verilen zarar ihmal edilmektedir. Bu durum, insan dışındaki canlıların yaşam hakkını göz ardı eden bir perspektifi yansıtmaktadır.

References

  • Agostini, R. (1996). J.M. Synge’s ‘celestial peasants’. Rural Ireland, Real Ireland?, (ed.: Jacqueline Genet), 159- 175, Buckinghamshire: Colin Smythe.
  • Benson, E. (1982). J.M. Synge. London: Macmillan.
  • Berlin, N. (1981). The secret cause: A discussion of tragedy. Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press.
  • Castle, G. (2001). Modernism and the Celtic revival. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Derrida, J. (1988). Structure, sing, and play in the discourse of the human sciences. Twentieth Century Literary Theory: A reader. (ed.: K. M. Newton), 149-54, York: St. Martin‘s P.
  • Descartes, R. (2003). Discourse on method and meditations. (transl.: Elizabeth S. Hal-dane - G. R. T. Ross), Mineola: Dover.
  • Fermor, U. E. (1939). The Irish dramatic movement. London: Methuen.
  • Fleming, D. (1995). A Man Who Does Not Exist: The Irish Peasant in the Work of W.B. Yeats and J.M. Synge. Michigan: Michigan UP.
  • Genesis, Eski Ahit 1, 26-27.
  • Gerstenberger, D. (1990). John Millington Synge. Boston: Twayne P.
  • Hawkes, D. (1996). Ideology. London: Routledge.
  • Hughes, J. (2000). Ecology and historical materialism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
  • Johnson, A. R. (2007). Stranger in the room: Illuminating female identity through Irish. MA Thesis of Indiana University, Indianapolis.
  • Keleş, R. - Hamamcı, C. (2002). Çevrebilim. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
  • Kennedy, R. E. (1973). The Irish emigration, marriage, and fertility. California: Uni-versity of California.
  • Köseman, Z. (2011) The representation of double nature in Wuthering Heights. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8, 149-157.
  • Murray, C. (1997). Twentieth-century Irish Drama: Mirror up to Nation. Manchester: Manchester UP.
  • McCormack, W. J. (2000). Fool of the family: A life of J. M. Synge. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Morgan, A. E. (2000). Tendencies of modern English drama. New York: Books Nicol-son.
  • Spehn, M. L. (1945). Synge’s conception of drama. Master’s Thesis of Loyola Universi-ty Chicago.
  • Skelton, R. (1991). J.M. Synge: Riders to the Sea. Modern Irish Drama. Ed. John P. Har-rington. New York: W.W. Norton Company. 447- 470.
  • Synge, J. M. (2018). Riders to the sea. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • Synge, J.M. (1992). The Aran Islands. (ed.: Tim Robinson), London: Penguin
  • The King James version of the Bible. (2011). E-book edition, Project Gutenberg.
  • White, L. (1967). The historical roots of our ecological crisis. Science, 155, 1203-1207.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Cultural Theory
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sevcan Işık 0000-0002-4696-330X

Early Pub Date September 26, 2025
Publication Date September 28, 2025
Submission Date July 1, 2025
Acceptance Date September 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 51

Cite

APA Işık, S. (2025). J. M. SYNGE’İN DENİZE GİDEN ATLILAR OYUNUNDA İKİLİ KARŞITLIKLAR VE İNSANMERKEZCİLİK. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 18(51), 1658-1670. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1732272