COP Zirvelerinde Su Yönetiminin Evrimi: 1995’ten 2025’e Küresel İklim Politikalarında Stratejik Bir Dönüşüm

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 1995–2025 yılları arasında Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (UNFCCC) kapsamında gerçekleştirilen Taraflar Konferansı (COP) zirvelerinde su yönetiminin geçirdiği tarihsel ve politik evrimi incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, suyun küresel iklim politikalarında giderek artan stratejik önemini ortaya koymak ve su yönetiminin çevresel bir sorun olmanın ötesinde iklim adaleti, yönetişim reformu ve finansal eşitlik açısından kritik bir bileşen haline gelişini açıklamaktır. Bu doğrultuda, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmış; COP kararları, zirve bildirileri, resmi raporlar ve uluslararası kuruluşların teknik belgeleri tematik içerik analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz bulguları, Paris Anlaşması (COP21) sonrası dönemde suyun iklim uyumu stratejilerinin merkezine yerleştiğini; COP22’de “Climate is Water” yaklaşımıyla kırılgan sektör olarak tanımlandığını; COP26’da Su Pavilyonu’nun kurulmasıyla kurumsal kimlik kazandığını; COP27 ve COP28 süreçlerinde su-gıda-enerji bağlantısı, doğa temelli çözümler ve dijital teknolojilerin öne çıktığını ve COP29 Su Bildirgesi ile Entegre Su Kaynakları Yönetimi’nin (IWRM) ulusal iklim planlarına entegrasyonunun zorunlu hale geldiğini göstermektedir. Ancak iklim finansmanının yalnızca %3’ünün su projelerine ayrılması, sınır aşan havzalardaki jeopolitik gerilimler ve veri paylaşımı eksiklikleri su yönetiminin uygulanabilirliğini sınırlamaya devam etmektedir. Çalışma, su yönetiminin artık yalnızca çevresel değil; iklim politikalarının sosyal, ekonomik ve yönetişimsel boyutlarının da merkezinde yer alan stratejik bir dönüşüm alanı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• COP Süreci
• Su Yönetimi
• İklim Değişikliği
• İklim Uyumu
• İklim Adaleti

Supporting Institution

Araştırmanın ortaya konulmasında herhangi bir mali destek alınmamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu makale Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine uygundur. Beyan edilecek herhangi bir çıkar çatışması yoktur. Araştırmanın ortaya konulmasında herhangi bir mali destek alınmamıştır. Makale yazım ve intihal/benzerlik açısından kontrol edilmiştir. Makale, “en az iki dış hakem” ve “çift taraflı körleme” yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yazar, dergiye imzalı “Telif Devir Formu” belgesi göndermişlerdir. Mevcut çalışma için mevzuat gereği etik izni alınmaya ihtiyaç yoktur. Bu konuda yazar tarafından dergiye “Etik İznine Gerek Olmadığına Dair Beyan Formu” gönderilmiştir. Yazar, çalışmanın tüm bölümlerine ve aşamalarına tek başına katkıda bulunmuştur.

The Evolution of Water Governance at COP Summits: A Strategic Transformation in Global Climate Policies from 1995 to 2025

Abstract

This study examines the historical and political evolution of water governance within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP) between 1995 and 2025. The study aims to highlight the increasing strategic importance of water in global climate politics, emphasizing that water governance has shifted from being treated as a secondary environmental issue to becoming a critical component of climate justice, governance reform, and financial equity. Methodologically, the research employs qualitative document analysis and applies thematic content analysis to COP decisions, summit declarations, official reports, and technical publications of international organizations. The findings indicate that since the Paris Agreement (COP21), water has emerged as a central pillar of climate adaptation strategies; it was framed as one of the most vulnerable sectors through the “Climate is Water” initiative at COP22, institutionalized with the establishment of the Water Pavilion at COP26, and further advanced at COP27 and COP28 with the prominence of the water–food–energy nexus, nature-based solutions, and digital monitoring technologies. The COP29 Water Declaration marked a new stage by mandating the integration of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) into national climate plans. Nevertheless, structural challenges persist, including the allocation of only 3% of climate finance to water-related projects, geopolitical tensions in transboundary basins, and limited data-sharing mechanisms. Overall, the study concludes that water governance has evolved into a strategic policy domain situated at the intersection of environmental sustainability, socio-economic development, and global climate governance.

Keywords

• COP Process
• Water Management
• Climate Change
• Climate Adaptation
• Climate Justice

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received for the conduct of the research.

Ethical Statement

This paper complies with Research and Publication Ethics, has no conflict of interest to declare, and has received no financial support. The article has been checked for spelling and plagiarism/similarity. The article was evaluated by "at least two external referees" and "double blinding" method. The author sent a signed "Copyright Transfer Form" to the journal. There is no need to obtain ethical permission for the current study as per the legislation. The "Declaration Form Regarding No Ethics Permission Required" was sent to the journal by the author on this subject. The author contributed to all sections and stages of the study alone.

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