Challenges of Future Jobs in Macedonia - Remote or Hybrid Generation?

Year 2021, , 484 - 492, 31.12.2021

Marıja Apostolova Nıkolovska , Nadezda Dimitrovska

https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.887416

Abstract

The subject of research is current, contemporary, empirical and is a challenge for a number of current and future researchers.This paper theoretically analyzes several research questions regarding the future of work and jobs according to relevant studies and many researches in the last period: How might the current labor force in innovation be unique in relation to today? How might occupations and jobs change? What abilities and capacities will be required? The changes in the information technology also change the nature of the work in the company and with it the work of the manager in the institutions in N. Macedonia. The paper uses official statistical data from N. Macedonia, primarily due to their availability. The introduction of high technology and computerization of a large number of jobs indicate the need for analysis of the cognitive components of the job. However, the changes will not only happen in relation to the jobs; there will also be changes in the way we organize ourselves. The paper also presents an analysis of the situation in N. Macedonia of employees according to the sectors of activity in the past five years, at the same time an analysis is made of the sectors in which there is an increase in the number of employees. According to the data, it is emphasized that the social and technological changes that occur in the past period in N. Macedonia have a strong impact on the number of employees by sectors of activity especially on the number of employees in the sector of agriculture, forestry and fishing where the number of employees decreased by 24758 persons, while in the last five years the number of employees in the manufacturing sector has increased by 20520.

Keywords

Technological Changes, Jobs, Remote Generation, Hybrid Generation

Gelecekteki İşlerin Zorlukları - Uzaktan veya Hibrit Üretim?

Abstract

Araştırma konusu güncel, çağdaş ve ampirik olup, mevcut ve gelecekteki araştırmacılar için de bir zorluğu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makale, literatürdeki çalışmalara ve son dönemdeki birçok araştırmalara göre işin ve işgücünün geleceği ile ilgili çeşitli araştırma sorularını teorik olarak analiz eder: “İnovasyondaki mevcut işgücü bugüne göre nasıl benzersiz olabilir?” “Meslekler ve işler nasıl değişebilir?” “Hangi yetenekler ve kapasiteler gerekli olacak?” Bilgi teknolojisindeki değişiklikler aynı zamanda şirketlerdeki işin niteliğini ve Makedonya'daki kurumlarda görev alan yöneticilerin çalışmasını da değiştirmektedir. Makalede öncelikle Makedonya resmi istatistik verileri kullanılmıştır. Yüksek teknolojinin getirilmesi ve çok sayıda işin bilgisayarlaştırılması, işin bilişsel bileşenlerinin analiz edilmesi ihtiyacını göstermektedir. Ancak, değişiklikler yalnızca işlerle ilgili olarak gerçekleşmeyecek; kendimizi organize etme şeklimizde de değişiklikler olacaktır. Ayrıca makalede Makedonya’da son beş yılda faaliyet gösteren sektörlere göre çalışanların durumunun bir analizi yapılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda çalışan sayısında artış olan sektörler de analiz edilmektedir. Verilere göre, Makedonya'da geçmiş dönemde meydana gelen sosyal ve teknolojik değişikliklerin özellikle tarım, ormancılık ve balıkçılık sektöründeki çalışan sayısı üzerinde faaliyet gösterdiği sektörler itibarıyla çalışan sayısı üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahip olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışan sayısı 24758 kişi azalırken, son beş yılda imalat sektöründe çalışan sayısı 20520 artmıştır.

Keywords

Teknolojik Değişiklikler, İşler, Uzaktan Üretim, Hibrit Üretim

References

• BLAZEVSKI – MOJSOSKA, N ve PETRESKI, M (2015), Assessment of the Impact of the Active Labor Market Programs: Key Findings, Decent Technical Support Team Work and Office of Central and Eastern Europe, ILO
• CITRIX (2020a), “The State of Remote Work Preparing For Business as Usual-From Anywhere”, E-Book, https://www.citrix.com/content/dam/citrix/en_us/documents/ebook/the-state-of-remote-work.pdf (Date of Access: 18.12.2020).
• CITRIX (2020b), “Work 2035 - How People And Technology Will Pioneer New Ways of Working”, Analyst Report, https://www.citrix.com/content/dam/citrix/en_us/documents/analyst-report/work-2035.pdf (Date of Access: 05.01.2021).
• DELOITTE INSIGHTS (2019), Leading the Social Enterprise: Reinvent With a Human Focus - 2019 Deloitte Global Human Capital Trends, Deloitte Insights Publisher, New York (USA), https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ro/Documents/HC_Trends_2019_C_TT-FFF-06291_ro_2019_General_Document_en.pdf?nc=1&utm_campaign=HC_Trends_2019_C_TT-FFF-06291_ro_2019_General_Email_en&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Eloqua (Date of Access: 20.12.2020).
• EMPLOYMENT AGENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA (2019), Labor Market Skills Needs Survey in the Republic of Northern Macedonia for 2020, Results of the conducted research, Skopje: Employment Agency of the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
• EMPLOYMENT AGENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA (2021), “Ad Search”, Employment Agency of The Republic of Northern Macedonia Corporate Web Page, https://e-rabota.av.gov.mk/OglasSearch.aspx (Date of Access: 28.01.2021).
• HELSINKI COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE REPUBLIC MACEDONIA (2019), Measuring the level of satisfaction with the mechanisms for protection of workers' rights in the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje.
• ILO - INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (2021), Working From Home: From Invisibility to Decent Work, ILO Publisher, Geneva, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_765806.pdf (Date of Access: 12.01.2021).
• INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION 2020. COVID-19 and the World of Work: Rapid Assessment of the Employment Impacts and Policy Responses. North Macedonia. First Edition. May 15, 2020. https://www.ilo.org/budapest/what we-do/publications/WCMS_746124/lang--en/index.htm. (Date of Access: 15.01.2021).
• MACEDONIA 2025. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Enterprises in North Macedonia. May 2020. https://socijalendijalog.mk/wp-con tent/uploads/2020/08/ENG-Report-on-the-impact-of-COVID-19-FINAL rev-4-17-8-20.pdf. (Date of Access: 12.01.2021).
• MASIT (2020), ICT – Labor Force Assessment Report, Workforce Assessment Report – ICT Industry, https://masit.org.mk/en/publications_post/report-on-the-topic-ict-labor-force-assessment-report/ (Date of Access: 03.01.2021).
• POMPA, Claudia (2015), Jobs for the Future, Report, https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9578.pdf (Date of Access: 15.12.2020).
• STATE STATISTICAL OFFICE (2019), Job Vacancies, Third Quarter 2019, http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2019/2.1.19.32_mk.pdf (Date of Access: 09.01.2021).
• STATE STATISTICAL OFFICE (2020), Active Population in the Republic of N. Macedonia Results from the Labour Force Survey, III quarter 2020, http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2020/2.1.20.34_mk.pdf (Date of Access: 23.12.2020).
• STATE STATISTICAL OFFICE (2020), Job Vacancies, Third Quarter 2020, http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2020/2.1.20.33_mk.pdf (Date of Access: 10.01.2021).
• TRAJKOVSKI, K (2019), National Report: Adapting Industrial Relations to New Forms of Work, Center for Research and Policy Making, Skopje.
• WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2018), Eight Futures of Work - Scenarios and Their Implications, World Economic Forum Publisher, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FOW_Eight_Futures.pdf (Date of Access: 10.12.2020).
• WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2020), The Future of Jobs Report 2020, World Economic Forum Publisher, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf (Date of Access: 10.01.2021).