2008 Sonrası Dönemde BM ve AB’nin Çok Taraflı Kalkınma İşbirliğindeki Rolünün Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: Özel Sayı, 40 - 58, 08.12.2020

Nevra Esentürk , Gonca Oğuz Gök

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.764018

Abstract

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından çok taraflı kalkınma çabalarında hem kurumsallaşma hem de
miktar artışı yönünden önemli bir dönüşüm olmuştur. Ancak, tarih boyunca uluslararası örgütler
tarafından sağlanan çok taraflı yardımların niteliksel gelişimi sorgulanmıştır. Özellikle, 2008 finansal
krizi sonrasında, neo-liberal kalkınma normları bir taraftan demokrasi ve çok taraflılığa olan inancın
azalması, diğer taraftan Güney ülkelerin yükselen alternatif kalkınma işbirliği modelleri gibi meydan
okumalarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada iki temel uluslararası örgüt olan BM
ve AB’nin 2008 sonrası dönemde çok taraflı kalkınma çabaları karşılaştırmalı perspektifte analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada 2011-2017 yılları arasında OECD’nin resmi kalkınma
yardımı istatistikleri kullanılarak BM ve AB’nin kalkınma yardımlarında dikkate değer bir değişim
olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, BM sisteminin 2000’lerde kalkınma işbirliği yardımlarında
temel aktör olarak devam ettiğini göstermiştir. AB çok taraflı kalkınma işbirliği sisteminde hala en büyük
doğrudan yardım sağlayan donör iken, BM’nin sektör/proje ve program bazlı kalkınma yardımlarında
artış gözlenmiştir. Ancak, değişen dünya düzenindeki neoliberal krizler, özellikle kalkınma işbirliği
sisteminin “kurala dayalı” uygulamasında ve “normatif ” aktörlüğün sürdürülebilirliğinde uluslararası
örgütlerin rollerini etkilemektedir.

Keywords

kalkınma işbirliği, Çok Taraflılık, BM, AB, Neoliberalizmin Krizleri

A Comparative Analysis of the Role of the UN and EU in Multilateral Development Cooperation in the post-2008 Era

Abstract

There has been tremendous evolution in terms of both the institutionalization as well as the
quantitative increase in multilateral development efforts since the end of the Second World War. Yet,
the real qualitative progress of multilateral aid channeled through international organizations (IOs)
has always been contested throughout history. Especially after 2008 financial crisis, neoliberal norms
of development have been challenged by decreasing fate on democracy, multilateralism as well as
competitive alternative models of development cooperation among developing countries of the Global
South. In this context, this paper attempts to comparatively examine the policies of two main constitutive
IOs, the UN and the EU in multilateral development efforts in the post-2008 era. To this aim, the paper
will scrutinize official development aid statistics data from OECD between 2011-2017 in order to assess
whether there has been a significant change in their aid efforts. The paper concludes that UN system
has continued to be the main actor in the development cooperation funding in 2000s. While the EU
still maintains the status of biggest core (direct/non-restricted) donor, the UN increasingly becomes a
non-core (sector, program and region-driven) donor of the multilateral development system. Yet, crises
of neoliberalism in the changing world order have an impact on the role of these IOs in terms of the
implementation of a “rule-based” development cooperation system as well the sustainability of their
“normative” actorness.

Keywords

development cooperation, multilateralism, UN, EU, Crises of Neoliberalism

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