PROTOKOL NO 24: AB ROMANLARI İÇİN GERÇEK VEYA KURGU?

Year 2013, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 1 - 18, 27.06.2013

Robynn L. Allveri

https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.109

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği’nin ve ABD’nin hukuk sistemleri, birbirine çok benzeyen
içtihatlar oluşturan, ortak normlar üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu ortak hukuk ilkeleri
nedeniyle, AB ve ABD’nin sığınma taleplerinin karar verilmesinde benzer
standartların uygulanması beklenilebilir. Çoğunlukla, bu beklenti doğru
çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, başvuranın menşe ülkesi AB üyesi bir devlet
olduğunda göz kamaştırıcı bir fark var olmaktadır.
ABD’deki sığınma hakimleri, başvuranın menşe devletini dikkate almadan, bir
talebin bireysel olarak esasına bakmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, AB vatandaşları
tarafından oluşturulan sığınma taleplerinin gerçekliği olmadığının AB hakimleri
tarafından karine olarak kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu karine esasen bu
makalenin de başlıca konusunu oluşturan, AB Üyesi Devlet Vatandaşları İçin
Sığınma Hakkında Protokol (Protokol No.24)’den kaynaklanmaktadır.
Protokol No.24 AB’de zulme uğramış Romanları sığınma taleplerinden mahrum
bırakmaktadır. AB üye devletlerinin “menşe ülke olarak güvenli” ve AB menşeli
sığınma taleplerinin de “açıkça temelsiz” olduğunu belirten bu Protokol, AB
sığınma başvurucularına karşı adeta reddedilemez bir karine oluşturmaktadır. 24
numaralı Protokol ayrımcı niteliktedir ve birçok AB-Romanları’na yönelen
gerçeklikle bağdaşmamaktadır.
ABD sığınma rejiminin çok boyutlu yaklaşımı Roman sığınma taleplerinin daha
titiz ve anlamlı şekilde değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Davalar, başvurana
karşı (eğer varsa) cüzi hukuki karinelerle, bireysel esaslara göre değerlendirilir.
AB benzer bir sığınma rejimi benimsemeli ve 24 nolu Protokolün dışlayıcı yetkisini
reddetmelidir.

Keywords

Roma, AB, İltica, Protokol, AİHM

PROTOCOL NO. 24: FACT OR FICTION FOR EU ROMA?

Abstract

The legal systems of the European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.) are premised upon common norms, resulting in very similar bodies of jurisprudence. Due to these shared legal principles, one would expect the EU and the U.S. to use similar standards in the adjudication of asylum claims. For the most part, this expectation holds true. However, a glaring difference exists when an applicant’s country of origin is an EU member state. Asylum adjudicators in the U.S. examine the individual merits of a claim, regardless of the applicant’s country of origin. On the other hand, EU adjudicators are required to presume that asylum claims filed by EU nationals are without merit. This presumption comes primarily from the Protocol on Asylum for Nationals of Member States of the European Union (Protocol No. 24), the main subject of this paper. Protocol No. 24 eviscerates the asylum claims of Roma who are persecuted in the EU. It creates an almost irrebuttable presumption against EU asylum applicants, stating that EU member states are “safe countries of origin” and EUorigin asylum claims are deemed “manifestly unfounded.” Protocol No. 24 is discriminatory and conflicts with the reality faced by many EU Roma. The multi-faceted approach of the U.S. asylum regime provides a more thorough and meaningful review of Roma asylum claims. Cases are assessed on an individual basis, with little (if any) legal presumptions against the applicant. The EU should adopt a similar asylum regime and reject the exclusionary mandate of Protocol No. 24.

Keywords

Roma, EU, Asylum, Protocol, ECHR

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