Abstract
This study investigates similarities between two right-wing populist parties: The Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość party - PiS) party in Poland and the Hungarian Civic Alliance (Magyar Polgári Szövetség - FIDESZ) party in Hungary by examining speeches of Polish President Andrzej Duda, former-Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. Furthermore, the study is carried out on the actions of these parties during their governments. It aims to present the perspectives that PiS and FIDESZ have on identity and religion, democracy, and EU principles and looks at the two parties’ strategies for gaining more power. Based on the studies, four main similar characteristics between these two parties are identified. (1) The PiS party and the FIDESZ party and their politicians regularly emphasize “Christianity” to emphasize their identity. (2) These two parties employ every available strategy to protect and increase their positions in the government. (3) They undermine liberal democracy as an authoritarian trend driven by majority rule. (4) The PiS party and the FIDESZ party have refused to follow the core values upon which the EU was founded. Furthermore, these parties use anti-EU rhetoric to increase their power by claiming that they are safeguarding national sovereignty. They believe in the concept of a “Europe of nations.”
References
- Ágh, A. (2016a) “Cultural War and Reinventing the Past in Poland and Hungary”, Polish Political Science Yearbook, 45(1): 32–44.
- Ágh, A. (2016b) “The Decline of Democracy in East-Central Europe: Hungary as the Worst-Case Scenario”, Problems of Post-Communism, 63(5–6): 277–87.
- Ágh, A. (2018) “Decline of Democracy in the ECE and the Core-Periphery Divide: Rule of Law Conflicts of Poland and Hungary with the EU”, Journal of Comparative Politics, 11(2): 30–48.
- Bakó, B. (2022) Challenges to EU Values in Hungary: How the European Union Misunderstood the Government of Viktor Orbán (Abingdon: Taylor & Francis).
- Balcer, A., Piotr B., Grzegorz G., and Eugeniusz S. (2016) “Change in Poland, but What Change? Assumptions of Law and Justice Party Foreign Policy”, Stefan Batory Foundation, 1–18. <https://www.batory.org.pl/upload/files/Programy%20operacyjne/Otwarta%20Europa/Change%20in%20Poland.pdf>, (1 July 2023).
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Polonya Cumhurbaşkanı Andrzej Duda, önceki Başbakanı Mateusz Morawiecki ve Macaristan Başbakanı Viktor Orbán’ın konuşmalarını inceleyerek iki sağ popülist parti olan Polonya’daki Hukuk ve Adalet partisi (PiS Partisi) ile Macaristan’daki Macar Yurttaş Birliği (FİDESZ partisi) partisi arasındaki benzerlikleri araştırmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma bu partilerin hükümetleri sırasındaki eylemlerini de incelemiştir. Çalışma, PiS ve FİDESZ’in kimlik ve dine, demokrasiye ve AB değerlerine bakışı ve de iki partinin güçlerini artırma stratejilerini sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Yapılan çalışmaya dayanılarak, iki partinin dört temel benzer özelliği tespit edilmiştir. (1) PiS partisi ve FİDESZ partisi ve politikacıları kimliklerini vurgulamak için düzenli olarak “Hıristiyanlık”a vurgu yapmaktadır. (2) Her iki parti de hükümetteki güçlerini korumak ve arttırmak için her türlü stratejiyi kullanmaktadır. (3) Ayrıca iki parti de liberal demokrasinin temelini, çoğunluk yönetimi tarafından otoriter bir eğilim olarak oymaktadırlar. (4) PiS partisi ve FIDESZ partisi, AB’nin üzerine kurulduğu temel değerleri takip etmede AB’ye zorluklar yaşatmaktadır. Ek olarak iki parti de güçlerini arttırmak için AB karşıtı söylemleri, ulusal egemenliği koruduklarını iddia ederek kullanmaktadırlar. Her iki parti de “Ulusların Avrupası” kavramına inanmaktadır.
References
- Ágh, A. (2016a) “Cultural War and Reinventing the Past in Poland and Hungary”, Polish Political Science Yearbook, 45(1): 32–44.
- Ágh, A. (2016b) “The Decline of Democracy in East-Central Europe: Hungary as the Worst-Case Scenario”, Problems of Post-Communism, 63(5–6): 277–87.
- Ágh, A. (2018) “Decline of Democracy in the ECE and the Core-Periphery Divide: Rule of Law Conflicts of Poland and Hungary with the EU”, Journal of Comparative Politics, 11(2): 30–48.
- Bakó, B. (2022) Challenges to EU Values in Hungary: How the European Union Misunderstood the Government of Viktor Orbán (Abingdon: Taylor & Francis).
- Balcer, A., Piotr B., Grzegorz G., and Eugeniusz S. (2016) “Change in Poland, but What Change? Assumptions of Law and Justice Party Foreign Policy”, Stefan Batory Foundation, 1–18. <https://www.batory.org.pl/upload/files/Programy%20operacyjne/Otwarta%20Europa/Change%20in%20Poland.pdf>, (1 July 2023).
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | European and Region Studies, European Studies |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2024 |
| Submission Date | December 29, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | May 8, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 32 Issue: 1 |