Hukuk ve Uygulamada İnsanca Sığınma Üzerine Dünyadan ve Türkiye’den Notlar

Öz

İnsanca sığınma kavramı, sığınma arayan kişinin hedef ülkeye ulaşması ve varış ülkesinde bulunduğu zaman bağlamında değerlendirilmelidir. Sığınma arama sürecinde bireyin insanca bir muameleye tabi tutulması insanca sığınmanın kavramsal değerinin ilgili devletçe hukuk ve uygulamada idrak edilmiş olması ile mümkün olur. Bahsi geçen idrak, sığınma başvurusu işletim sürecinin kişiler için belirsiz kılınmaması ve hukuk önünde kişi olarak tanınma hakkının ilgili ülke tarafından benimsenmiş olması anlamına gelmektedir. Sığınılan ülkede insana yakışır bir sığınmanın kişi için mümkün kılınmış olduğu çıkarımına varılabilmesi için ülkedeki sosyal uyum sürecinin de ayrıca dikkate alınması gerekir. Sosyal uyum, hukuk önünde kişi olarak tanınma hakkının ulusal düzenlemelerde ve uygulamada ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel, siyasi ve mekânsal alanlara sirayet etmiş olması ve kişinin içerisinde bulunduğu sürecin belirsiz kılınmaması ile gerçekleşebilir. Makale, hedef ülkeye varış sürecinde insanca sığınma kavramını dünyadan örnekler bağlamında tartışır ve uluslararası hukuk düzenlemeleri üzerinden sığınma arayan kişilerin hakları ile devlet uygulamalarının hangi durumlarda insanca sığınma kavramına ters düşeceğini analiz eder. İnsanca sığınma kavramının varış ülkesinde geçirilen ve toplumsal uyuma ilişkin boyutunu ise Türkiye’de bulunan Suriyeliler ile ilgili olarak hukuk ve uygulamayı göz önünde bulundurmak suretiyle somutlaştırır. Neticesinde, makale insanca sığınmanın hukuk ve uygulamanın örtüştüğü noktada gerçekleşeceğini vurgulamakla beraber, özellikle sosyal uyum açısından farklı dinamiklerin denkleme girmesi nedeniyle insanca sığınma kavramında gri alanlar olabileceğine işaret eder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsanca Sığınma
• Hukuk Önünde Kişi Olarak Tanınma Hakkı
• İnsan Hakları
• Sosyal Uyum
• Devlet Uygulamaları

Notes From The World and Türkiye on Humane Asylum in Law and Practice

Öz

The concept of humane asylum should be considered in the context of asylum-seekers’ arrival in the destination country and their stay there. The humane treatment of individuals in the asylum-seeking process is only possible if the conceptual value of humane asylum is recognised in law and practice by the state concerned. This means that the asylum procedure is not rendered uncertain for individuals and that the country concerned accepts the right to be recognised as a person before the law. To conclude that a humane asylum in the country of asylum is possible for the person, the social cohesion process in the country of asylum must also be considered. Social cohesion can only be realised if the right to be recognised as a person before the law has permeated the economic, social, cultural, political, and spatial spheres in national regulations and practice and if the process in which the person finds themselves is not rendered uncertain. The article discusses the concept of humane asylum in the process of arrival in the destination country in the context of examples from around the world. It analyses the rights of asylum seekers through international legal regulations and the circumstances in which state practices may contradict the concept of humane asylum. It concretises the dimension of humane asylum concerning social cohesion in the destination country by considering the laws and practices regarding Syrians in Türkiye. As a result, the article emphasises that humane asylum will be realised at the point where law and practice overlap. However, there may be grey areas in the concept of humane asylum due to the introduction of different dynamics into the equation, especially regarding social cohesion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Humane Asylum
• The Right to Be Recognized as A Person Before the Law
• Human Rights
• Social Cohesion
• State Practices

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