İSTANBUL’DAKİ AFRİKALI GÖÇMENLERİN ULUSÖTESİ SOSYAL ALANLARININ ENTEGRASYON SÜREÇLERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2019, , 216 - 235, 24.07.2019

Doğuş Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.594943

Cited By: 3

Abstract

2000'li yılların başından itibaren literatürde entegrasyon ve ulusötesi göç
arasındaki kesişmelere artan bir ilgi vardır (Erdal, 2013; Faist, 2013;
Kivisto, 2003; Levitt, DeWind & Vertovec, 2003). Faist (2013)
entegrasyon ve ulusötesi göçün birbiriyle ilişkili kavramlar olarak görülmesi
gerektiğini öne sürmekte ve ulusötesi aktiviteleri de entegrasyona alternatif
bir model olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu makalede, İstanbul’daki Afrikalı
göçmenlerin entegrasyon süreçlerine ve stratejilerine odaklanılarak, ulusötesi
sosyal alanların entegrasyon süreçlerine etkisi incelenmektedir. 1990’lı
yılların sonlarından bu yana Türkiye, Sahra-altı Afrika’nın çeşitli ülkelerinden
gelen göçmenler için hem bir geçiş ülkesi hem de yerleşim yeri haline gelmiştir.
Avrupa’ya göç etme amacıyla Türkiye’ye gelen Afrikalı göçmenlerin çoğu amaçlarını
gerçekleştiremeyip uzun yıllar boyunca Türkiye’de yaşamaktadır. Afrika’nın
farklı ülkelerinden gelen Afrikalı göçmenlerin göçmen statüleri de farklılık göstermektedir.
Türkiye’de ikamet eden Afrikalı göçmenler sığınmacı, kısa süreli vizesi
olanlar, çalışma veya öğrenci vizesine sahip olanlar ve yasal olarak ülkeye
giriş yapmış ancak vizelerini yenilememiş olan belgesiz göçmenler gibi farklı göçmen
statülerine sahiptirler. Bazı Afrikalı göçmenler altı aydır Türkiye’de
bulunurken diğerleri on yıl ya da daha uzun süre Türkiye’de yaşamaktadır. Türkiye’de
bulundukları süre içinde oluşturdukları sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik alanlar ülkeleri
ile bağlarının devamını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da yaşayan
Afrikalı göçmenlerin oluşturdukları ulusötesi sosyal alanların entegrasyon süreçlerine
etkisi 40 Afrikalı göçmen ile derinlemesine yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak elde
edilen bulgular çerçevesinde açıklanmıştır ve ulusötesi sosyal alanların
entegrasyon süreçlerini hızlandırdığı savunulmuştur. 

Keywords

Afrikalı Göçmenler, Ulusötesi Sosyal Alanlar, Entegrasyon, İstanbul

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