Baskı Parametrelerinin PLA-CF Kompozitlerin Eğilme Mukavemeti ve Sertlik Özelliklerine Etkisi: Deneysel ve İstatistiksel Bir Yaklaşım

Abstract

Katmanlı imalatın en yaygın yöntemlerinden biri olan Ergimiş Filamentle Üretim (FFF), özellikle karbon fiber takviyeli polilaktik asit (PLA-CF) kompozitler ile hafiflik, dayanım ve tasarım esnekliği gerektiren yapısal uygulamalarda kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, dolgu oranı (30–70–100%), tarama açısı (0°–22.5°–45°) ve baskı yönelimi (0°–45°–90°) gibi işlem parametrelerinin PLA-CF numunelerinin eğilme dayanımı ve sertliği üzerindeki etkileri Box-Behnken Deney Tasarımı ile araştırılmıştır. Parametre etkileşimlerini nicel olarak değerlendirmek ve kestirimsel modeller geliştirmek amacıyla Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi (RSM) ve Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) uygulanmıştır. Parametreler arasında, dolgu oranı %73.29 katkı oranı ile en belirgin etkiye sahip bulunmuştur. En yüksek mekanik performans, %100 dolgu oranı, 31.36° tarama açısı ve 0° baskı yönelimi ile elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen modeller eğilme dayanımı için %97.19 ve sertlik için %99.57 R² değerleri ile yüksek doğruluk göstermiştir. Deneysel doğrulama sonuçları ile model tahminleri arasındaki sapmaların %10.63 (eğilme dayanımı) ve %9.20 (sertlik) düzeyinde kalması, istatistiksel modellerin güvenilirliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın yeniliği, PLA-CF kompozitlerde farklı baskı varyasyonlarının mekanik performansa etkisini sistematik olarak ortaya koyması ve optimum baskı parametrelerini deneysel ve istatistiksel yöntemlerle birlikte tanımlamasıdır. Elde edilen bulgular, PLA-CF kompozitlerin taşıyıcı yapısal uygulamalarda güvenilir şekilde kullanılmasına yönelik kapsamlı bir araştırma sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Eğilme Dayanımı
• Sertlik
• PLA-CF Kompozit
• RSM
• Eklemeli imalat
• Mekanik özellikler

Influence of Printing Parameters on Flexural Strength and Hardness Properties of PLA-CF Composites: An Experimental and Statistical Approach

Abstract

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing methods, is of critical importance in structural applications requiring lightweight, strength, and design flexibility, especially with carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA-CF) composites. This study investigates the effects of infill density (30–70–100%), raster angle (0°–22.5°–45°), and build orientation (0°–45°–90°) on the flexural strength and hardness of PLA-CF samples using a Box-Behnken design. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were applied to develop predictive models and evaluate parameter interactions quantitatively. Among the parameters, infill density had the most pronounced effect, contributing 73.29% to the variation in flexural strength. Optimal performance was achieved with 100% infill density, a raster angle of 31.36°, and a build orientation of 0°. The developed models demonstrated high accuracy with R² values of 97.19% for flexural strength and 99.57% for hardness. Validation experiments revealed deviations of 10.63% (flexural strength) and 9.20% (hardness) from model predictions, confirming the robustness of the statistical models. The novelty of this work lies in systematically demonstrating the influence of different printing variations on the mechanical performance of PLA-CF composites and defining the optimum printing parameters through a combination of experimental and statistical approaches. These findings provide comprehensive research for the reliable use of PLA-CF composites in load-bearing structural applications.

Keywords

• Additive manufacturing
• Mechanical properties
• Flexural strength
• Hardness
• PLA-CF composite
• RSM

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