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A DIALux-Based Comparative Analysis of Dental Clinic Lighting Design Based on National and International Standards

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 589 - 606, 28.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1572909

Abstract

In Türkiye, the number of dentists is increasing faster than the population, leading to a rise in private dental clinics. Regulation No. 31975 outlines physical requirements for such clinics but vaguely defines lighting as merely needing to be “sufficient,” resulting in practical neglect. This study compares international lighting standards with practices in Türkiye to emphasize the need for clearer regulations. Using DIALux simulation, artificial lighting in four operating dental clinics was analyzed. Illuminance and uniformity levels were evaluated against international standards (CIBSE, ISO 9680:2014) and Türkiye’s TS-EN 12464-1. Results show that current lighting conditions fall short of these benchmarks. The study recommends replacing existing fixtures with compliant alternatives to improve clinic environments. Integrating detailed lighting criteria into national regulations will help align practices with international standards, ensuring healthier, more effective dental care spaces.

References

  • A-Dec. (2011). Use of light emitting diodes in dental operatory lighting. Access Adress (14.06.2025): https://www.a-dec.com/-/media/adecdotcom/resource-center/product-information/sales-information/white-papers/a-dec-led-dental-light-white-paper-85026800.pdf?sc_lang=en
  • Billur, D. & Billur, İ. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi bağlamında sağlık mekanları üzerine bir değerlendirme. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 5(2), 269-292. Access Address (14.06.2025) https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.735253
  • Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. (2013). NBR ISO/CIE 8995- Workplace lighting- Part 1: Interior. ABNT. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.scribd.com/document/251952683/ABNT-NBR-ISO- CIE-8995-1-2013
  • Darses, F., Falzon, P. & Béguin, P. (1996). Collective design processes. In B. Pavard & J. Dugdale (Eds.), Proceedings of COOP 96: Second International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (pp. 141–149). INRIA, Juan-les-Pins, France.
  • DIALux Simulation Software. (2024). DIALux evo (Version 2024) [Computer software]. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.dialux.com
  • European Committee for Standardization. (2011). Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places (EN 12464-1). CEN. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/75239d59- 3e2c-4c3a-b262-e1a80fe62a6e/en-12464-1-2011
  • Fernandez-Prieto, D. & Hagen, H. (2017). Visualization and analysis of lighting design alternatives in simulation software. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 869, 212–225. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.869.212
  • Hegland, S. A. (1982). Designing dental clinic for children (Unpublished master’s thesis). Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas.
  • ISO. (2014). ISO 9680:2014(E). Dentistry operating lights. Switzerland. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/57944/1ee653d4935b4735aa1bf3dc888f93e8/ISO-9680-2014.pdf
  • Kılıçaslan, U. G. (2011). Lighting design criteria for the evaluation of hospital spaces (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Science, Department of Interior Architecture, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Kutlu, R. (2018). Çevresel faktörlerin mekan kalitesi ve insan sağlığına etkileri. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 8(1), 67–78. Access Address (14.06.2025): http://tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME8- ISSUE1_files/tojdac_v08i1107.pdf
  • Mehrotra, S., Basukala, S. & Devarakonda, S. (2015). Effective lighting design standards impacting patient care: A systems approach. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 54-61. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.311006.
  • Ministry of Labor and Employment. (2019). NR17 ergonomics. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://braziliannr.com/brazilian-regulatory-standards/nr17-ergonomics/nr17-ergonomics/
  • Perdahçı, C., Yüce, D. & Ünsalan, H. (2017). Hastane aydınlatmalarında LED lamba kullanımı ve analizi. In M. Gündüz & A. Demir (Eds.), IX. Ulusal Aydınlatma Sempozyumu (s. 121–130). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Roy, S. & Satvaya, P. (2022). The effects of lamp types and surface reflectance combinations on the subjective perception of a simulated lit hospital ward environment. Facilities, 40(11/12), 697–718. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2022-0013
  • Raynham, P., Boyce, P., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2012). SLL Code for Lighting. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE), London, United Kingdom.
  • Shikder, S., Price, A., & Mourshed, M. (2009). Evaluation of four artificial lighting simulation tools with virtual building reference. In M. Al-Akaidi (Ed.), Proceedings of the European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM 2009) (pp. 77–82). EUROSIS-ETI, Leicester, United Kingdom.
  • Skarżyński, K. & Rutkowska, A. (2020). A comparison of the calculations and measurements for a lighting design of the same room. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 96, 11–14. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2020.11.03
  • Simões, M.S.D.S., Santos, G.R.P., De Oliviera, A.L.L., Vila Nova, P.R.D.M. & Fabio Barbosa De Souza. (2019). Ergonomic evaluation of lighting from dental school clinics: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Dental Health and Oral Disorders & Therapy, 83-86. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.15406/jdhodt.2019.10.00463
  • Stork, T., & Mathers, M. (2009). The basics of efficient lighting: A reference manual for training in efficient lighting principles. National Framework for Energy Efficiency, Canberra, Australia.
  • Tonyalı, E. (2019). Diş kliniklerinde mekân tasarım kriterleri (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Science, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Turkish Standards Institute. (2011). Lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places (TS-EN 12464- 1). Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Türkiye. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.tse.org.tr/
  • Turkish Dental Association. (2024). 2010–2023 nüfus ve diş hekimi artış oranları. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.tdb.org.tr/sag_menu_goster.php?Id=387
  • Van Boheemen, J., Albayrak, A., Molenbroek, J. & Ruijter, R. (2021). Adequate dental task lighting. Journal of Dental Research, 34, 14–21.
  • Witzel, D. (2012). DIALux evo – New calculation method. DIAL. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.dialux.com/fileadmin/documents/DIALux_evo-_New_calculation_method.pdf
  • Yurtgün, H. & Köse Doğan, R. (2024). Interior architecture project approach with design-oriented thinking model: clinic designs. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(1), 302-317. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1407465
  • Zumtobel. (n.d.). Light for health and care. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.zumtobel.com/PDB/Teaser/EN/AWB_Health_Care.pdf

Ulusal ve Uluslararası Standartlar Kapsamında Diş Klinikleri Aydınlatma Tasarımının DIALux Tabanlı Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 589 - 606, 28.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1572909

Abstract

Türkiye’de diş hekimi sayısının nüfusa oranla daha hızlı artması, özel diş kliniklerinin sayısında da artışa neden olmuştur. Kliniklerin fiziksel koşulları 31975 sayılı Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Hizmeti Sunan Özel Sağlık Kuruluşları Hakkında Yönetmelik’te tanımlansada, aydınlatma yalnızca “mekân yeterince aydınlatılmalı” şeklinde belirsiz bir ifade ile geçmekte ve bu durum uygulamada ihmal edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, uluslararası aydınlatma standartları ile Türkiye’deki uygulamaları karşılaştırmakta ve düzenlemelere özgül aydınlatma kriterlerinin eklenmesi gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Dört faal diş kliniğinin yapay aydınlatma tasarımı DIALux simülasyonu ile analiz edilmiştir. Aydınlık düzeyi ve düzgünlük değerleri, uluslararası CIBSE, ISO 9680:2014 ve Türkiye’nin TS-EN 12464-1 standartlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, mevcut kliniklerdeki aydınlatma koşullarının standartları karşılamadığını göstermektedir. Bu sorunları gidermek için mevcut armatürlerin, standartlara uygun aydınlatma elemanlarıyla değiştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Böylece hem hastalar hem de çalışanlar için daha sağlıklı mekânlar oluşturulabilecektir.

References

  • A-Dec. (2011). Use of light emitting diodes in dental operatory lighting. Access Adress (14.06.2025): https://www.a-dec.com/-/media/adecdotcom/resource-center/product-information/sales-information/white-papers/a-dec-led-dental-light-white-paper-85026800.pdf?sc_lang=en
  • Billur, D. & Billur, İ. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi bağlamında sağlık mekanları üzerine bir değerlendirme. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 5(2), 269-292. Access Address (14.06.2025) https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.735253
  • Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. (2013). NBR ISO/CIE 8995- Workplace lighting- Part 1: Interior. ABNT. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.scribd.com/document/251952683/ABNT-NBR-ISO- CIE-8995-1-2013
  • Darses, F., Falzon, P. & Béguin, P. (1996). Collective design processes. In B. Pavard & J. Dugdale (Eds.), Proceedings of COOP 96: Second International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (pp. 141–149). INRIA, Juan-les-Pins, France.
  • DIALux Simulation Software. (2024). DIALux evo (Version 2024) [Computer software]. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.dialux.com
  • European Committee for Standardization. (2011). Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places (EN 12464-1). CEN. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/75239d59- 3e2c-4c3a-b262-e1a80fe62a6e/en-12464-1-2011
  • Fernandez-Prieto, D. & Hagen, H. (2017). Visualization and analysis of lighting design alternatives in simulation software. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 869, 212–225. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.869.212
  • Hegland, S. A. (1982). Designing dental clinic for children (Unpublished master’s thesis). Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas.
  • ISO. (2014). ISO 9680:2014(E). Dentistry operating lights. Switzerland. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/57944/1ee653d4935b4735aa1bf3dc888f93e8/ISO-9680-2014.pdf
  • Kılıçaslan, U. G. (2011). Lighting design criteria for the evaluation of hospital spaces (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Science, Department of Interior Architecture, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Kutlu, R. (2018). Çevresel faktörlerin mekan kalitesi ve insan sağlığına etkileri. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 8(1), 67–78. Access Address (14.06.2025): http://tojdac.org/tojdac/VOLUME8- ISSUE1_files/tojdac_v08i1107.pdf
  • Mehrotra, S., Basukala, S. & Devarakonda, S. (2015). Effective lighting design standards impacting patient care: A systems approach. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 54-61. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.311006.
  • Ministry of Labor and Employment. (2019). NR17 ergonomics. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://braziliannr.com/brazilian-regulatory-standards/nr17-ergonomics/nr17-ergonomics/
  • Perdahçı, C., Yüce, D. & Ünsalan, H. (2017). Hastane aydınlatmalarında LED lamba kullanımı ve analizi. In M. Gündüz & A. Demir (Eds.), IX. Ulusal Aydınlatma Sempozyumu (s. 121–130). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Roy, S. & Satvaya, P. (2022). The effects of lamp types and surface reflectance combinations on the subjective perception of a simulated lit hospital ward environment. Facilities, 40(11/12), 697–718. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2022-0013
  • Raynham, P., Boyce, P., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2012). SLL Code for Lighting. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE), London, United Kingdom.
  • Shikder, S., Price, A., & Mourshed, M. (2009). Evaluation of four artificial lighting simulation tools with virtual building reference. In M. Al-Akaidi (Ed.), Proceedings of the European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM 2009) (pp. 77–82). EUROSIS-ETI, Leicester, United Kingdom.
  • Skarżyński, K. & Rutkowska, A. (2020). A comparison of the calculations and measurements for a lighting design of the same room. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 96, 11–14. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2020.11.03
  • Simões, M.S.D.S., Santos, G.R.P., De Oliviera, A.L.L., Vila Nova, P.R.D.M. & Fabio Barbosa De Souza. (2019). Ergonomic evaluation of lighting from dental school clinics: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Dental Health and Oral Disorders & Therapy, 83-86. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.15406/jdhodt.2019.10.00463
  • Stork, T., & Mathers, M. (2009). The basics of efficient lighting: A reference manual for training in efficient lighting principles. National Framework for Energy Efficiency, Canberra, Australia.
  • Tonyalı, E. (2019). Diş kliniklerinde mekân tasarım kriterleri (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Science, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Turkish Standards Institute. (2011). Lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places (TS-EN 12464- 1). Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Türkiye. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.tse.org.tr/
  • Turkish Dental Association. (2024). 2010–2023 nüfus ve diş hekimi artış oranları. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.tdb.org.tr/sag_menu_goster.php?Id=387
  • Van Boheemen, J., Albayrak, A., Molenbroek, J. & Ruijter, R. (2021). Adequate dental task lighting. Journal of Dental Research, 34, 14–21.
  • Witzel, D. (2012). DIALux evo – New calculation method. DIAL. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.dialux.com/fileadmin/documents/DIALux_evo-_New_calculation_method.pdf
  • Yurtgün, H. & Köse Doğan, R. (2024). Interior architecture project approach with design-oriented thinking model: clinic designs. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(1), 302-317. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1407465
  • Zumtobel. (n.d.). Light for health and care. Access Address (14.06.2025): https://www.zumtobel.com/PDB/Teaser/EN/AWB_Health_Care.pdf
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Interior Architecture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İrem Hıdır 0000-0002-3772-2133

İlknur Uygun 0000-0002-1387-7296

Publication Date July 28, 2025
Submission Date October 24, 2024
Acceptance Date June 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hıdır, İ., & Uygun, İ. (2025). A DIALux-Based Comparative Analysis of Dental Clinic Lighting Design Based on National and International Standards. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 10(1), 589-606. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1572909