Kırsal Toplu Konutların Yapı Performans Kriterleri Üzerinden Sürdürülebilirlik Değerlendirmesi: Günyurdu Köyü Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 306 - 328, 28.07.2025

Didem Baran Ergül , Tayibe Seyman Güray

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1652743

Abstract

Kırsal alanlardaki yeni konut projeleri yalnızca barınma ihtiyacını karşılamakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda bölgenin sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapıları üzerinde de önemli etkiye sahiptir. Bu çabaların yerel sosyal normlarla ve doğal çevreyle uyumlu olmaması hem bireysel refahı hem de uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliği tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışma, kullanıcı memnuniyeti perspektifinden kırsal toplu konut projelerinin sürdürülebilirlik performansını değerlendirmeyi amaçlayarak yapı performans kriterlerine uyum düzeylerini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, Günyurdu Köyü'nde yer alan bir toplu konut projesi vaka çalışması olarak seçilmiştir. Kullanım sonrası değerlendirme (POE) yöntemi bazlı anket çalışması, sakinlerin konutlarla ilgili memnuniyet düzeylerini ortaya koyarken, aynı zamanda geliştirilmesi gereken alanlar hakkında veriler sunmaktadır. Bulgular, yeni toplu konutlarla ilgili memnuniyetin ortalamanın altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, kırsal alanlarda sürdürülebilir toplu konut politikalarının gelecek geliştirilme süreçlerine katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Kırsal toplu konut , sürdürülebilirlik , kullanım sonrası değerlendirme , yapı performans kriterleri

Building Performance Criteria Based Sustainability Assessment of Rural Mass Housing: The Case of Günyurdu Village

Abstract

New housing developments in rural areas not only address the need for housing but also have a significant effect on the region's social, cultural, and economic frameworks. The inability of these efforts to align with local social norms and the natural environment threatens both individual well-being and long-term sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability performance of rural mass housing projects from the perspective of user satisfaction by putting forth the levels of compliance with building performance criteria. Within the scope of the research, a mass housing project in Günyurdu Village, was selected as a case study. The survey conducted employing Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) method reveals the satisfaction levels of occupants with their housing units while providing data on areas for improvement. Results show that satisfaction with the housing units is lower than average. This work aims to contribute to future policy development processes for sustainable rural mass housing.

Keywords

Rural mass housing , sustainability , post-occupancy evaluation , building performance criteria

References

• Abreu, I. & Mesias, F. J. (2020). The Assessment of Rural Development: Identification of An Applicable Set of Indicators Through A Delphi Approach. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 578- 585.
• Aburawis, A. A. M. & Yörükoğlu, P. N. D. (2018). An integrated framework on soundscape perception and spatial experience by adapting post-occupancy evaluation methodology. Building Acoustics, 25(1), 3-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1351010x18758478
• Akder, H. (2003). Linking Agricultural Statistics to Other Data Sources for Analysing Rural Indicators of Social Well-Being and Equity, Bildiri, 8th IWG. AGRI Seminar, OECD, Paris.
• Antalya Metropolitan Manucipality. (2015). Bezirgân Köyü Tasarım Rehberi Çalışmaları- Analiz, Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi İmar ve Şehircilik Dairesi Başkanlığı, Antalya.
• Arpacıoğlu, Ü. (2016). Evaluation of the physical environment in anatolian rural architecture. A| Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 13(3), 25-42.
• Astarini, S. D. & Utomo, C. (2020). Performance-based building design of high-rise residential buildings in Indonesia. Sustainability, 12(17), 7103. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177103
• Avcı, N. & Topçu, D. (2019). Toki Konutlarında Yaşamanın Sosyo-Kültürel Yapı Üzerindeki Etkileri (Akkent Mahallesi Örneği). Tabula Rasa: Felsefe ve Teoloji (31-32), 13-40.
• Aydın, K. (2019). Home Iownership, housing conditions, and the housing quality index in Turkey. Istanbul University Journal of Sociology, 39(2).
• Babos, A., Csizmady, A., Orbán, A. & Szabó, J. (2023). Evaluation framework for social impact on the e-co- housing project in Budapest. Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences, 32(1), 47-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.3311/ppso.17956
• Baudains, P., Bishop, S. R., Duffour, P., Marjanovic-Halburd, L., Psarra, S. & Spataru, C. (2014). A systems paradigm for integrated building design. Intelligent Buildings International, 6(4), 201-214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2014.935696
• Baird, G. & Thompson, J. C. (2012). Lighting conditions in sustainable buildings: Results of a survey of users’ perceptions. Architectural Science Review, 55(2), 102 109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2012.667941
• Baran Ergül, D. (2022). Author’s Personal Archive.
• Baumont, C. (2009). Spatial effects of urban public policies on housing values. Papers in Regional Science, 88(2), 301-327.
• Bonet-Solà, D., Vidaña-Vila, E., & Alsina-Pagès, R. M. (2023). Prediction of the acoustic comfort of a dwelling based on automatic sound event detection. Noise Mapping, 10(1), 20220177.
• Bryden, J. (2002). Rural Development Indicators and Diversity in the European Union. Bildiri, Measuring Rural Diversity Conference, Washington, DC.
• Christine Sotsek, N., Sanchez Leitner, D. & Lacerda Santos, A. D. P. (2019). A systematic review of Building Performance Evaluation criterias (BPE). Revista ALCONPAT, 9(1), 1-14.
• Cirik, V. (2011). Kırsal ve Toplumsal Kalkınma Stratejilerinin Geliştirilmesinde Köydes Projesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Çelebi, N. G. & Arpacıoğlu, Ü. (2022). City and Energy. In M. Çakır, M. Tuğluer, & P. Fırat Örs. (Eds.) Architectural Sciences and Ecology (27-53). ISBN:978-625-8213-87-4. Ankara: Iksad Publications
• Delgado, J. M. P. Q. (2016). Indoor environmental quality of school buildings. Defect and Diffusion Forum, 369, 24- 29. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.24
• Eijkelenboom, A. M. & Bluyssen, P. M. (2019). Comfort and health of patients and staff, related to the physical environment of different departments in hospitals: A literature review. Intelligent Buildings International, 14(1), 95-113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2019.1613218
• El-Salamouny, H. E., Abdou, A. & Ghoneem, M. (2019). Effects of indoor environmental quality on occupant's satisfaction, health and productivity. Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, 23(1), 10-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2019.32532
• Eminağaoğlu, Z. & Çevik, S. (2007). Kırsal yerleşmelere ilişkin tasarım politikaları ve araçlar. Gazi Ü. Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 22(1): 157-162.
• Fatoye, E.O & Odusami, K.T. (2009). Occupants satisfaction approach to housing performance evaluation: the case of Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the RICS COBRA Research Conference, University of Cape Town, 10–11 September, 2009.
• Fakhari, M., Fayaz, R. & Lollini, R. (2022). The impact of evaluated daylight to the total light ratio on the comfort level in office buildings. Buildings, 12(12), 2161. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122161
• Fieldson, R. & Sodagar, B. (2017). Understanding user satisfaction evaluation in low occupancy sustainable workplaces. Sustainability, 9(10), 1720. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101720
• Filho, J. A. P., Dias, A. G., Storopoli, J. H., Ghermandi, A. & Carvalho, H. C. d. (2022). Relationship between environmental indoor conditions of a classroom and the performance of undergraduate students. Archnet-Ijar: International Journal of Architectural Research, 16(2), 359-377. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/arch-07-2021-0199
• Ge, W. & bin Abd Manan, M. S. (2025). A Review of and Prospect of Village Architecture Research from the Perspective of Rural Tourism. World, 6(1), 21.
• Ghose, R. (2004). Big sky or big sprawl? Rural gentrification and the changing cultural landscape of Missoula, Montana. Urban geography, 25(6), 528-549.
• Gil-oulbé, M., Al-shaibani, F. A. N. A. & Lina, A. S. (2020). Performance-based seismic design for buildings. Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings, 16(2), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.22363/1815- 5235-2020-16-2-161-166
• Gkartzios, M. & Scott, M. (2010). Residential mobilities and house building in rural Ireland: evidence from three case studies. Sociologia ruralis, 50(1), 64-84.
• Gkartzios, M. & Scott, M. (2012). Gentrifying the rural? Planning and market processes in rural Ireland. International Planning Studies, 17(3), 253-276.
• Gkartzios, M. & Scott, M. (2013). Attitudes to housing and planning policy in rural localities: Disparities between long-term and mobile rural populations in Ireland. Land Use Policy, 31, pp. 347-357.
• Göker, P., Hergül, Ö. C. & Kahveci, H. (2019). Terkedilmiş Hayatlar; Günyurdu Köyü, Pazaryeri Örneği. PEYZAJ, 1(2), 22-30.
• Görgün, K. E. & Yörür, N. (2018). Kırsal Yerleşmelerde Özgün Dokunun Korunmasında Bir Araç Olarak Köy Tasarım Rehberleri: Ödemiş Bademli Örneği. TÜBA-KED 17/2018
• Görmüş, S., Atmış, E., Artar, M., Özkazanç, N. K., Günşen, H.B., Cengiz, S. & Tekebas, S. (2015). Küre Dağları Milli Parkı Köy Tasarım Rehberleri (Bartın Bölümü). Mutlu Basım Yayın, ISBN: 978-605-9895-05-7, İstanbul.
• Gülçimen, S., Uzal, N., Varışlı, T. & Khidrah, G. (2021). Comparison of environmental performance of single-family house and multi-storey apartment in Turkey using life cycle assessment. doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs- 1027577/v1
• Gür, M. & Sezer, F. Ş. (2018). Indoor comfort conditions in terms of user satisfaction for middle-income groups: The case of Ataevler, Bursa, Turkey. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 6(6), 522-535. doi: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1398
• Hwang, T. & Kim, J. T. (2010). Effects of indoor lighting on occupants’ visual comfort and eye health in a green building. Indoor and Built Environment, 20(1), 75-90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x10392017
• Ibem, E. O., Opoko, A. P., Adeboye, A. B. & Amole, D. (2013). Performance evaluation of residential buildings in public housing estates in Ogun State, Nigeria: Users' satisfaction perspective. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2(2), 178-190.
• Jailani, J., Reed, R. & James, K. (2015). Examining the perception of tenants in sustainable office buildings. Property Management, 33(4), 386-404.
• Jiwane, A. (2021). Post occupancy evaluation (Poe): A tool to investigate the residents’ satisfaction and performance of housing project, case study—Kanhapur India. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 8(10), 1-15.
• Khajavi, S. H., Tetik, M., Liu, Z., Korhonen, P. & Holmström, J. (2023). Digital twin for safety and security: Perspectives on building lifecycle. IEEE Access, 11, 52339-52356. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3278267
• Khalil, N., Kamaruzzaman, S. N. & Baharum, M. R. (2016). Ranking the indicators of building performance and the users’ risk via Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): Case of Malaysia. Ecological indicators, 71, 567-576.
• Koç, C. & Kejanlı, D.T. (2020). Toplu konut idaresi (Toki) uygulamalarının sosyo-ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi örneği. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(75), 1475- 1494.
• Kulakov, K., Smirnova, Y. & Styazhkova, N. (2023). Modeling of housing stock sustainable reproduction and programs of renovation. E3S Web of Conferences, 403, 05012. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340305012
• Lee, D., Lee, S., Kim, J. T. & Kim, S. (2011). A lifecycle health performance tree for sustainable healthy buildings. Indoor and Built Environment, 21(1), 16-27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x11423159
• Lee, Y. S. (2011). Comparisons of indoor air quality and thermal comfort quality between certification levels of LEED-certified buildings in USA. Indoor and Built Environment, 20(5), 564-576. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x11409453
• Lützkendorf, T., Speer, T., Szigeti, F., Davis, G., Le Roux, P., Kato, A. & Tsunekawa, K. (2005). A comparison of international classifications for performance requirements and building performance categories used in evaluation methods. Performance based building, 61-80.
• Marzouk, M. M., Azab, S. & Metawie, M. (2016). Framework for sustainable low-income housing projects using building information modeling. Journal of Environmental Informatics. doi: https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201600332
• Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2021). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry’s Rural Development Strategy (2021-2023). Access Address (15.02.2025): http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/bNU3s+UKKS- Strateji-Belgesi.pdf
• Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change (2024). Ministry of Environment and Urbanization’s strategic plan (2024-2028). Access Address (10.02.2025): https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/strateji/haberler/cevre-seh-rc-l-k-ve-ikl-m-deg-s-kl-g--bakanligi-2024- 2028-yili-stratej-k-plani-20240205121528.pdf
• Mohamed, M. A. E. & Yörükoğlu, P. N. D. (2019). Indoor soundscape perception in residential spaces: A cross- cultural analysis in Ankara, Turkey. Building Acoustics, 27(1), 35-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1351010x19885030
• Mustafa, F. A. (2017). Performance assessment of buildings via post-occupancy evaluation: A case study of the building of the architecture and software engineering departments in Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 6(3), 412-429.
• Murunga, E. A., Rambo, C. M. & Mbugua, J. M. (2023). Credit risks management practices, and performance of real estate construction housing projects in Kenya; a case of real estate construction housing projects in Busia County. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, 8(2), 29-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.47941/jepm.1468
• Nimlyat, P. S., Inusa, Y. J. & Nanfel, P. K. (2023). A literature review of indoor air quality and sick building syndrome in office building design environment. Green Building & Construction Economics, 1-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.37256/gbce.4120231961
• Oliveira, C. C. D., Rupp, R. F. & Ghisi, E. (2021). Assessment of air quality perception and its effects on users’ thermal comfort in office buildings. Sci, 3(4), 47.
• Öğdül, H. & Olgun, I. (2015). Köylerin Kırsal Kimliğinin Korunmasında Yeni Bir Araç: Köy Tasarım Rehberi. Güney Mimarlık Dergisi (19), 22-27.
• Öğdül, H., Kap Yücel, S. D., Öktem Ünsal, B. & Aksümer, G. (2018). Kırsal mekânda yeni düzenleme araçları; köy tasarım şeması, köy tasarım rehberi ve eylem projeleri. Planlama Dergisi, 28(Supp: 1), 52-72.
• Peck, C. A. & Stewart, K. (1985). Satisfaction with housing and quality of life. Home Economics Research Journal, 13(4), 363-372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727x8501300403
• Preiser, W. F. (1995). Post‐occupancy evaluation: how to make buildings work better. Facilities, 13(11), 19-28.
• Preiser, W. F. E. (1991). Design innovation and the challenge of change. In Design intervention: Toward a more humane architecture (pp.206-224). Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
• Preiser, W. & Vischer, J. (Eds.). (2006). Assessing building performance. Routledge.
• Radeloff, V. C., Hammer, R. B., Stewart, S. I., Fried, J. S., Holcomb, S. S. & McKeefry, J. F. (2005). The wildland–urban interface in the United States. Ecological Applications, 15(3), 799-805.
• Reeves, T., Olbina, S. & Issa, R. R. A. (2012). Guidelines for using building information modeling (BIM) for environmental analysis of high-performance buildings. Computing in Civil Engineering (2012), 277-284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412343.0035
• Sakellaris, I., Saraga, D., Mandin, C., Roda, C., Fossati, S., Kluizenaar, Y. d., … & Bluyssen, P. M. (2016). Perceived indoor environment and occupants’ comfort in European “modern” office buildings: The OFFICAIR study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(5), 444. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050444
• Sanoff, H. (1977). Methods of Architectural Programming (Routledge Revivals) (1st ed.). Routledge. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315541877
• Santin, O. G., Itard, L., & Visscher, H. (2009). The effect of occupancy and building characteristics on energy use for space and water heating in Dutch residential stock. Energy and buildings, 41(11), 1223-1232.
• Sarran, L., Hviid, C. A. & Rode, C. (2020). Correlation between perceived usability of building services and indoor environmental satisfaction in retrofitted low-energy homes. Building and Environment, 179, 106946. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106946
• Satsangi, M., Gallent, N., & Bevan, M. (2010). The rural housing question. In The rural housing question (pp. 3-8). Policy Press.
• Scott, M. & Murray, M. (2009). housing rural communities: connecting rural dwellings to rural development in ireland. Housing Studies, 24(6), 755-774. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02673030903223138
• Seshadhri, G. & Topkar, V. (2017). Attributes and descriptors for building performance evaluation. HBRC Journal, 13(3), 291-296. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2015.08.004
• Shirowzhan, S., Kimmel, L., Mojtahedi, M., Sepasgozar, S. M. E. & Peacock, J. B. (2020). A GIS-based risk and safety analysis of entrance areas in educational buildings based on students’ experience. Smart Cities and Construction Technologies. doi: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89752
• Sierra, L., Lizana, M., Pino, C., Ilaya-Ayza, A. E. & Neculman, B. (2023). Structural model for socially sustainable public housing decision-making in Chile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2543. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032543
• Solana-Solana, M. (2010). Rural gentrification in Catalonia, Spain: A case study of migration, social change and conflicts in the Empordanet area. Geoforum, 41(3), 508-517.
• Taib, G. M. & Al-Dabbagh, A. H. (2023). Design characteristics that achieve the factor of safety and security from fire accidents for users of administrative buildings. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 13(2), 227-236. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.130205
• Torrecilla-García, J. A., Pardo-Ferreira, M. d. C. & Rubio-Romero, J. C. (2021). Overall introduction to the framework of BIM-based digital twinning in decision-making in safety management in building construction industry. Dirección Y Organización, (74), 31-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i74.600
• Urban, J. & Máca, V. (2013). Linking traffic noise, noise annoyance and life satisfaction: A case study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(5), 1895-1915. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10051895
• Wei, D., Zhao, G., Liu, S., & Yang, L. (2022). Indoor thermal comfort in a rural dwelling in southwest China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1029390.
• Wong, S., Low, W., Wong, K. & Kan, F. (2022). sustainable rural housing development in sarawak: a preliminary conceptual framework. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1067(1), 012078. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1067/1/012078
• Xue, P., Mak, C. M., Cheung, H. & Chao, J. (2015). Post-occupancy evaluation of sunshades and balconies’ effects on luminous comfort through a questionnaire survey. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 37(1), 51-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0143624415596472
• Zagreus, L., Huizenga, C. & Arens, E. (2004). A web-based POE tool for measuring indoor environmental quality. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ).
• Zhang, H. & Srinivasan, R. (2020). A systematic review of air quality sensors, guidelines, and measurement studies for indoor air quality management. Sustainability, 12(21), 9045. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219045
• Zhao, Y. & Yang, Q. (2022). A post-occupancy evaluation of occupant satisfaction in green and conventional higher educational buildings. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 973(1), 012010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/973/1/012010