Optimizing embryo stage and GA3 doses in Common mandarin x Carrizo citrange crosses on embryo rescue technique

Abstract

Many difficulties are exist in citrus breeding due to incompatibility, long juvenility, sterility and nucellar embryo. Zygotic embryo in the seeds of polyembryonic citrus cultivar is degenerated by nucellar embryos during embryo development. Accordingly, in vitro embryo culture is a useful tool in citrus breeding, since it assures embryo germination and development. In this study, Common mandarin x Carrizo citrange were crossed in order to produce new rootstock genotypes. Immature embryos were taken from fruit after 80, 100 and 120 pollination days to determine the suitable embryo rescue stage. Then, the embryos were germinated in Murashige and Tucker (MT) culture medium including 0, 0.5 and 1 mg l^-1 GA₃. According to the results, high germination rates were materialized as 100% and on 95% to taken embryos from 120 days after pollination (DAP) in supplemented with 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ and 0.5 mg l^-1 GA₃ in MT culture medium respectively. The embryos taken from 80 days after pollination did not germinate on MT medium without GA₃ (control) and including with 0.5 mg l^-1. Generally, the existence of GA₃ on medium increased the ratio of germination compared to the control. The highest trifoliate ratio was determined as 33.33% at the embryos taken from 100 and 120 days after pollination and medium including 0.5 and 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ consecutively. The results have revealed that the optimal time for embryo rescue at citrus is 120 DAP and including GA₃ in the medium increased embryo germination.

Keywords

• Citrus,Breeding,Pollination,Embryo rescue

Yerli mandarin x Carrizo sitranjı melezlerinde, embriyo kurtarma tekniğinde embriyo gelişim aşaması ve GA3 dozlarının optimizasyonu

Abstract

Turunçgil ıslahında; tür ve çeşitler arasında uyuşmazlık, uzun gençlik kısırlığı, gametik kısırlık ve polyembriyoni gibi nedenlere bağlı olarak birçok engel bulunmaktadır. Poliembriyonik turunçgillerin tohumlarındaki zigotik embriyo gelişim sırasında nüseller embriyolar tarafından dejenere edilmektedir. Buna göre, zigotik embriyoların çimlenmesini ve gelişimini sağlaması nedeniyle embriyo kültürü ıslah çalışmalarında yararlı bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, yeni anaç bireylerinin elde edilmesi amacıyla Yerli mandarin x Carrizo sitranjı melezlenmiştir. Embriyo kurtarma için uygun embriyo gelişim aşamasının belirlenmesi amacıyla olgunlaşmamış embriyolar tozlanmadan 80, 100 ve 120 gün sonra alınmıştır. Daha sonra, alınan embriyolar 0, 0.5 ve 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren Murashige ve Tucker (MT) besi ortamında çimlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar; en yüksek çimlenme oranlarının tozlanmadan 120 gün sonra alınan embriyolarda 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamda %100 ile ve 0.5 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamda %95 olduğunu göstermiştir. Tozlanmadan 80 gün sonra alınan embriyoların 0 mg l^-1 GA₃ (kontrol) ve 0.5 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamlarda çimlenme olmamıştır. Genel olarak, ortama GA₃ ilavesi kontrole göre çimlenme oranını artırmaktadır. En fazla üç yapraklı bitki oranı %33.33 ile tozlanmadan 100 ve 120 gün sonra alınan ve sırasıyla 0.5 ve 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamlardan elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, turunçgillerde embriyo kurtarma için en uygun zamanın tozlanmadan sonraki 120 gün olduğunu ve ortamda GA₃ bulunmasının çimlenmeyi artırdığını göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Turunçgil,Islah,Tozlama,Embriyo kurtarma

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