Optimizing embryo stage and GA3 doses in Common mandarin x Carrizo citrange crosses on embryo rescue technique

Year 2019, , 263 - 266, 01.12.2019

Senay Kurt , Salih Ülger

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.488149

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Many difficulties are exist in citrus breeding
due to incompatibility, long juvenility, sterility and nucellar embryo. Zygotic
embryo in the seeds of polyembryonic citrus cultivar is degenerated by nucellar
embryos during embryo development. Accordingly, in vitro embryo culture is a
useful tool in citrus breeding, since it assures embryo germination and
development. In this study, Common mandarin x Carrizo
citrange were crossed in order to produce new rootstock genotypes.
Immature embryos were taken from fruit after 80, 100 and 120 pollination days
to determine the suitable embryo rescue stage. Then, the embryos were germinated in Murashige and
Tucker (MT) culture medium including 0, 0.5 and 1 mg l^-1 GA₃.
According to the results, high germination rates were materialized as 100% and
on 95% to taken embryos from 120 days after pollination (DAP) in supplemented
with 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ and 0.5 mg l^-1 GA₃
in MT culture medium respectively. The embryos
taken from 80 days after pollination did not germinate on MT medium without GA₃
(control) and including with 0.5 mg l^-1. Generally, the
existence of GA₃ on medium increased the ratio of germination
compared to the control. The highest trifoliate ratio was determined as 33.33%
at the embryos taken from 100 and 120 days after pollination and medium
including 0.5 and 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ consecutively. The
results have revealed that the optimal time for embryo rescue at citrus is 120
DAP and including GA₃ in the medium increased embryo germination.

Keywords

Citrus, Breeding, Pollination, Embryo rescue

Yerli mandarin x Carrizo sitranjı melezlerinde, embriyo kurtarma tekniğinde embriyo gelişim aşaması ve GA3 dozlarının optimizasyonu

Abstract

Turunçgil ıslahında; tür ve çeşitler arasında uyuşmazlık, uzun gençlik
kısırlığı, gametik kısırlık ve polyembriyoni gibi nedenlere bağlı olarak birçok
engel bulunmaktadır. Poliembriyonik turunçgillerin tohumlarındaki zigotik
embriyo gelişim sırasında nüseller embriyolar tarafından dejenere edilmektedir.
Buna göre, zigotik embriyoların çimlenmesini ve gelişimini sağlaması nedeniyle
embriyo kültürü ıslah çalışmalarında yararlı bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, yeni
anaç bireylerinin elde edilmesi amacıyla Yerli mandarin x Carrizo sitranjı
melezlenmiştir. Embriyo kurtarma için uygun embriyo gelişim aşamasının
belirlenmesi amacıyla olgunlaşmamış embriyolar tozlanmadan 80, 100 ve 120 gün
sonra alınmıştır. Daha sonra, alınan embriyolar 0, 0.5 ve 1 mg l^-1
GA₃ içeren Murashige ve Tucker (MT) besi ortamında
çimlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar; en yüksek çimlenme oranlarının tozlanmadan 120 gün
sonra alınan embriyolarda 1 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamda %100 ile ve 0.5
mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamda %95 olduğunu göstermiştir.
Tozlanmadan 80 gün sonra alınan embriyoların 0 mg l^-1 GA₃
(kontrol) ve 0.5 mg l^-1 GA₃ içeren ortamlarda
çimlenme olmamıştır. Genel olarak, ortama GA₃ ilavesi kontrole göre
çimlenme oranını artırmaktadır. En fazla üç yapraklı bitki oranı %33.33 ile
tozlanmadan 100 ve 120 gün sonra alınan ve sırasıyla 0.5 ve 1 mg l^-1
GA₃ içeren ortamlardan elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, turunçgillerde
embriyo kurtarma için en uygun zamanın tozlanmadan sonraki 120 gün olduğunu ve
ortamda GA₃ bulunmasının çimlenmeyi artırdığını göstermiştir.

Keywords

Turunçgil, Islah, Tozlama, Embriyo kurtarma

References

• Button J, Kochba J (1977) Tissue culture in the citrus industry. In: Reinert J, Bajaj YPS (eds.). Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Springer-Verlag. pp. 70-92.
• Carimi F, Pasquale F, Puglia AM (1998) In vitro rescue of zygotic embryos of sour orange, Citrus aurantium L., and their detection based on RFLP analysis. Plant Breeding 117: 261-266.
• Chagas EA, Pasqual M, Ramos JD, Cardoso P, Cazetta JO, Figueiredo MAD (2003) Development of globular embryos from the hybridization between ‘Pera Rio’ sweet orange and ‘Ponca’ mandarin. Rev Bras Frutic Jaboticabal-SP 25(3): 483-488.
• Chagas E, Pasqual AM, Ramos JD, Pio LAS, Dutra LF, Cazetta JO (2005) Activated charcoal and gibberellic acid concentrations on immature embryos culture. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia Lavras: Universidade Federal de Lavras 29(6): 1125-1131.
• Chen ZG, Wang JF (1986) Plantlets derived from early in vitro culture of citrus zygotic embryo. Journal of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University 15(4): 271-276.
• Das A, Paul AK, Chaudhuris S (2000) Micro propagation of sweet orange Citrus sinensis Osbeck for the development of nucellar seedling, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 38(3): 269-272.
• Deng XX, Yi HL, Li F, Guo WW (1996) Triploid plants regenerated from crossing diploid pumelo and tangerine with allotetraploid somatic hybrid of citrus. Proceedings of International Society Citriculture 1: 189-192.
• Gmitter FG, Ling XB, Deng XX (1990) Induction of triploid Citrus plants from endosperm cali in vitro. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 80: 785-790.
• Jaskani MJ, Khan IA, Khan MM (2005) Fruit set, seed development and embryo germination in interploid crosses of citrus. Scientia Horticulturae 107: 51-57.
• Jumin HB, Nito N (1996) Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from protoplast of six plant species related to Citrus. Plant Cell Reports 15(5): 332-336.
• Kunitake H, Kagami H, Mii M (1991) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from protoplasts of ‘Satsuma’ mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Scientia Horticulturae 47: 27-33.
• Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497.
• Murashige T, Tucker PH (1969) Growth factor requirements of citrus tissue culture. Proceeding of 1th International Citrus Symposium 3: 1155-1161.
• Ollitrault P, Dambier D, Froelicher Y, Seker M (1998) Rootstock breeding strategies for the Mediterranean citrus industry: The somatic hybridization potential. Acta Horticulturae 535: 157–162.
• Ollitrault P, Guo W, Grosser JW (2007) Somatic hybridization, citrus genetics, breeding and biotechnology. In: Khan IA (eds.). Citrus genetics, breeding and biotechnology. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan, pp. 235-260.
• Pasqual M, Riberio VG, Ramos JD (1990). Influencia do GA3 e do carvaoativa dosobre o enraizamento in vitro de embrioes de laranja ‘Natal’. Pesquisa Agropeciaria Brasileira, Brasilia 25(10): 1477-1482.
• Perez-tornero O, Porras I (2008) Assessment of polyembryony in lemon: rescue and in vitro culture of immature embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 93: 173-180.
• Rangan TS, Murashige T, Bitters WP (1969) In vitro study of zygotic and nucellar embryogenesis in citrus. Proceedings of International Society Citriculture 1: 225-229.
• Ray PK (2002) Breeding tropical and subtropical fruits. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 96-98.
• Ribeiro VG, Sanábio D, de Souza CN, Lopes PSN, Bocardo MR, Pasqual M (2000) Efeitos de ácidogiberélico e carvãoativado no cultivo in vitro de Citrus limonia Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Pesquisa Agropeciaria Brasileira, Brasilia 35: 27-30.
• Scarano MT, Tusa N, Abbate L, Lucretti S, Nardi L, Ferrante S (2005) Flow cytometry, SSR and modified AFLP markers for the identification of zygotic plantlets in backcrosses between ‘Femminello’ lemon hybrids (2n and 4n) and a diploid clone of ‘Femminello’ lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. F.) tolerant to mal secco disease. Plant Science 164(6): 1009-1017.
• Soost RK, Cameron JW (1975) Citrus. In: Janick J, Moore JN (Eds.), Advances in fruit breeding. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, pp. 507-540.
• Soost RK, Roose M (1996) Citrus. 1: 257-323. In: Jules J, Moore JN (eds). Fruit breeding: Tree and tropical fruits, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
• Tan M, Song J, Deng X (2007) Production of two mandarin x trifoliate orange hybrid populations via embryo rescue with verification by SSR analysis. Euphytica 157: 155-160.
• Tusa N, Fatta del Bosco S, Nardi L, Lucretti S (1996) Obtaining triploid plants by crossing citrus lemon cv. ‘Femminello’ 2N x 4N allotetraploid somatic hybrids. Proceedings of International Society Citriculture 1: 133-136.
• Tusa N, Abbate L, Ferrante S, Lucretti S, Scarano MT (2002) Identification of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in Citrus interploid crosses by means of isozymes, flow cytometry, and ISSR-PCR. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters 7: 703-708.
• Tuzcu O (1978) Turunçgillerde anaç ve sorunları. Çağdaş Tarım Tekniği 3: 31-35.
• Tuzcu O, Yıldırım B, Duzenoglu S, Bahceci I (1999) Değişik turunçgil anaçlarının Washington Navel ve Moro kan portakal çeşitlerinin verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 213-222.
• Viloria Z, Grosser JW, Bracho B (2005) Immature embryo rescue, culture and seedling development of acid citrus fruit derived from interploid hybridization. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 82: 159-167.
• Wakana A, Binh XN, Iwamasa M (2004) Germinability of embryos during seed development in Citrus (Rutaceae). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Fukuoka: Faculty of Agriculture Publication, Kyushu University 49(1): 49-59. (In Japanese with English abstract).
• Wang YS, Zhou BY, Gao SX (1981) The study on embryo culture of citrus (II) Early in vitro culture of immature embryos of polyembryonic cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 8(1): 13-17.
• Wang JF, Chen ZG, Lin TX (1999) Observation on the embryonic development in citrus after cross pollination. Chinese Development. Society for Reproductive Biology 8(2): 57-63.
• Yi HL, Deng XX (1998) A study of culture of citrus triploid plantlets. Journal of Fruit Science 15(3): 212-216.