İstiridye mantarının (Pleurotus ostreatus) tohumluk misel üretimi üzerine bir ön çalışma

Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 21 - 25, 01.04.2018

Ahmet Çat , Turhan Çomak Mürsel Çatal

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.405884

Abstract

İstiridye
mantarı (Pleurotus ostreatus), Türkiye’de kültür mantarından (Agaricus bisporus) sonra en yaygın
yetiştirilen mantar türüdür. Ülkemizde istiridye mantarı yetiştiriciliği 1980’li yıllarda başlamıştır. Ancak, Bu yıllarda
kültür mantarı yetiştiriciliği de yaygınlaşmaya başlamış, aslında
yetiştiriciliği kültür mantarına göre daha kolay olmasına rağmen İstiridye
mantarı yetiştiriciliği yeteri kadar ilgi görmemiş ve
yaygınlaşmamıştır. Kompost
hazırlama gibi zahmetli bir işlemi gerektirmeyen istiridye mantarı meşe, kayın, gürgen gibi ağaç kütükleri ile lignin
ve selülozca zengin her türlü tarımsal bitki artıkları kullanılarak kolaylıkla
yetiştirilebilmektedir. İstiridye mantarı yetiştiriciliği sonunda ortaya çıkan
bitkisel atıklar hayvan beslenmesi ve tarımsal üretimde farklı amaçlar için
kullanılabilmektedir. Bu özelliklerin yanında, gıda olarak tüketilmesi
durumunda besleyici özelliğinin fazla olması ve tıbbi amaçla
kullanılabilmesinden dolayı, önemli bir gıda ve ham madde kaynağı olarak
değerlendirmektedir. Ülkemizde son yıllarda istiridye mantarı yetiştiriciliğine
olan ilgi dikkate değer şekilde artış göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte kültür
mantarında olduğu gibi istiridye mantarı üretiminin en önemli girdisi olan
tohumluk misel (spawn) yurtdışı kaynaklardan sağlanmakta ve her iki mantarın
tohumluk misel üretimi için günümüze kadar tespit edilmiş ve ticarileştirilmiş
yerli izolat veya kültürleri bilinmemektedir. Yurtdışı kökenli izolat veya
kültürlerden elde edilen tohumların ithali ülkemiz mantar yetiştiricilerine ciddi
bir ekonomik yük getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada yerli P. ostreatus
izolatı kullanılarak tohumluk misel üretimi gerçekleştirilmiş ve üretilen
tohumlar saman substratına sardırılarak
istiridye mantarı üretimi ve verimi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile yerli
tohumluk üretiminde bir adım atılarak
bu konuda dışa bağımlılığın azaltılması yönünde öncü bir çalışma yapılmıştır.

Keywords

İstiridye mantarı, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tohumluk, Yerli misel

A preliminary study on spawn production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Abstract

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is the most commonly grown mushroom species after white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in Turkey. The cultivation of Pleurotus spp. dates back to 1980’s in the country. The cultivation of white button mushrom has also become quite common in the same years. Although Oyster mushroom is easier to grow than white button mushroom, the cultivation of this mushroom has not attracted the attention of the growers hence not grown widely. This mushroom species does not require laborsome work such as compost preparation and can be easily grown on oak, ash and poplar stumps and agricultural waste products rich in cellulose and lignin. Furthermore, wastes of Oyster mushroom cultivation can be used in animal feeding and agricultural production. In addition to these properties, the mushroom is an important food and raw material source in human nutrition and health as it has significant nutritional and medicinal values. The interest in Oyster mushroom cultivation has increased noticeably in recent years in the country. However, as in white button mushroom, the mushroom spawn which is the most important input of oyster mushroom production is obtained from foreign sources. Up to date, there has not been any native isolates or cultures of both mushroom species that were identified and commercialized for spawn production in the country. Importation of mushroom spawn produced from isolates originated or developed in other countries put a heavy economic burden on the growers and the country. In this study, mushroom spawn was produced from a native isolate of P. ostreatus, and the growth potential and yield of the isolate were evaluated by inoculating the spawn onto wheat straw compost. This is a pioneer research to produce mushroom spawn domestically and to reduce the dependence on foreign spawn supply.

Keywords

Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Seedling, Native spawn

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