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Periods of Migration Waves and Social Demography of Bosnian Population in Germany

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 32 - 52, 27.06.2021

Abstract

As seen in the case of Bosnia, there are many difficulties in studying the population living abroad. Discussions that started with unclear data on Bosnian society are going on in isolation from each other. A reliable database is needed to develop a realistic and effective program on the Bosnian population in Germany. However, information on firstgeneration immigrants and subsequent generations is often incomplete and far from reliable enough. Based on German official government statistics, this article focuses on the migration processes and current demographic structure of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian community in the country. According to the data of the German Federal Bureau of Statistics (Statistisches Bundesamt), 289 thousand people have immigration experience or consist of first-generation people, and this number reaches 415,000 with the new generation immigrants descended from them. Nearly half of the population of Bosnian origin in Germany participated in the migration process through family reunification and marriage. 84% of the immigrant population is concentrated in 4 of the 16 states in Germany. Compared to other immigrants in the country, Bosnian society, which has a better level of socioeconomic indicators such as education, employment and income level, is experiencing a successful integration process with the host society.

References

  • Alscher, S., Obergfel, J., & Roos, S. (2015). Migrationsprofil Westbalkan: Ursachen, herausforderungen und lösungsansätze. Nürnberg : Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge.
  • Castles, S., & Miller, M. (1998). Age of Migration - International Population Movements in the Modern World . London: Macmillan Press .
  • Dimova, R. (2006). From protection to ordeal: Duldung status and Bosnians in Berlin. Max Plank Institute for Social Anthropology Workıng Papers, 87, 0-12.
  • Dimova, R., & Wolff, F.-C. (2015). Remittances and Chain Migration:Longitudinal Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Journal of Development Studies, 51(5), 554-568.
  • Domazet, A., Domjan, V., Pestek, A., & Hadzic, F. (2020). Održivost Emigracija iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung BiH. Efendic, A. (2016). Emigration intentions in a post-conflict. Post-Communist Economies, 28(3), 335-352.
  • Efendic, A., Babic, B., & Rebmann, A. (2014). Diaspora and Development Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Embassy of Switzerland in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Halilovich, H. (2012). Trans-Local Communities in the Age of Transnationalism: Bosnians in Diaspora. International Migration, 50(1), 162-178. Halilovich, H., Hasić, J., Karabegović, D., Karahmetović-
  • Muratović, A., & Oruč, N. (2018). Mapping the Bosnian-Herzegovinan Diaspora. Sarajevo: Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of BiH.
  • Karabegovic, D. (2017). Bosnia abroad: Transnational diaspora mobilization. PhD dissertation, UK: University of Warwick. Von http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/93172/1/WRAP_Theses_ Karabegovic_2017.pdf abgerufen
  • Karabegovic, D., & Hasic, J. (2019). ‘Protection and Promotion of BiH’s Citizens’ Interests Abroad’: Foreign Policy Relations with Diaspora. In N. P.-E. Europe, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Foreign Policy Since Independence (S. 209-231). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kupiszewski, M. (2009). Labor migration in Southeast Europe: A review of the literature and a look at transversal issues. Südosteuropa, 57(4), 425–451.
  • Kupiszewski, M., Kicinger, A., Kupiszewska, D., & Flinterman, F. (2009). Labour Migration Patterns, Policies and Migration Prosperity in the Western Balkans. Budapest: International Organization for Migration.
  • Liebig, T., & Von Haaren, F. (2011). Citizenship and the Socioeconomic Integration of Immigrants and Their Children. In OECD, Naturalisation: A Passport for the Better Integration of Immigrants? (S. 23-57). Paris: OECD.
  • Ministry of Security. (2017). Bosnia and Herzegovina Migration Profile for the year 2016. Sarajevo: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Hezegovina- Immigration sectror. Von https://dijaspora.mhrr.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/MIGRACIONI_ PROFIL_2016_BOSv2.pdf abgerufen
  • Ministry of Security. (2020). Bosnia and Herzegovina Migration Profile for the year 2019. Sarajevo: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina- Immigration Sector. Von https://dijaspora.mhrr.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Bosnia-and-HerzegovinaMigration-Profile-for-the-year-2019.pdf abgerufen 52
  • Munz, R., & Ulrich, R. (1998). Germany and its immigrants: A socio-demographic analysis. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(1), 25-56.
  • Palloni, A., Massey, D., Ceballos, M., Espinosa, K., & Spittel, M. (2001). Social capital and International migration: A test using information on family networks. American Journal of Sociology, 105(6), 1262-1298. Paul, J. (2017).
  • Bosnian Organizations in Germany: The Limits of Contributions to Post-War. COMCAD Working Papers 150.
  • Riphahn, T. R., & Saif, S. (2018). Naturalization and labor market performance of immigrants in Germany. Nürnberg: IZA – Institute of Labor Economics.
  • State Institute for statistics. (1994). Statistical Yearbook of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992. Sarajevo: Državni zavod za statistiku.
  • Statistisches Bundesamt. (2019). Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund- Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus. Statistische Bundesamt- Destatis. Von https://www.destatis.de/ DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt. html#sprg228898 abgerufen
  • Statistisches Bundesamt. (2019a). Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit- Einbürgerungen 2018. Statistisches Bundesamt- Destatist. Von https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/ Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt.html#sprg228898 abgerufen
  • Surig, I., & Wilmes, M. (2015). The integration of the second generation in Germany: Results of the TIES survey and the descentants of Turkish and Yugoslavian migrants. Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press.
  • UNHCR. (1996). International migration buletin. Geneva: United Nations. Von https://unece.org/ fileadmin/DAM/pau/_docs/pau/PAU_1996_Publ_IntMigrBull9.pdf abgerufen
  • Valenta, M., & Ramet, S. P. (2011). The Bosnian diaspora: Integration in transnational communities. Burlington: Ashggate .
  • Valenta, M., & Strabac, Z. (2013). The dynamics of Bosnian refugee migrations in the 1990s, current migration trends and future prospects. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 32(3), 1-22.
  • Vracic, A. (2018). The Way Back: Brain Drain and Prosperity in the Western Balkans. Policy Brief - European Council on Foreign Relations. Vonhttps://ecfr.eu/publication/the_way_ back_brain_drain_and_prosperity_in_the_western_balkans/ abgerufen
  • World Bank. (2016). Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016. Wachington, DC.: World Bank.
  • Žiga, J., Turčilo, L., Osmić, A., Bašić, S., Džananović Miraščija, N., Kapidžić, D., & Brkić Šmigoc, J. (2015). YOUTH study Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Friedrich-EbertStiftung

Almanya’daki Bosna Toplumunun Sosyo-Demografik Yapısı ve Almanya’ya Göç Süreçleri

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 32 - 52, 27.06.2021

Abstract

Bosna örneğinde görüldüğü gibi, yurtdışında yaşayan nüfusu incelemenin birçok zorluğu bulunmaktadır. Bosna toplumuna ilişkin net olmayan verilerle başlayan tartışmalar birbirinden kopuk bir biçimde ilerlemektedir. Almanya’daki Bosna kökenli nüfus hakkında gerçekçi ve etkili bir program geliştirebilmek için güvenilir bir veri tabanına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak ilk kuşak göçmenler ve sonraki nesiller hakkındaki bilgiler genellikle eksik ve yeterince güvenilir olmaktan uzaktır. Bu makale, Alman resmi devlet istatistiklerine dayanarak ülkedeki BosnaHersek kökenli toplumun Almanya’ya göç süreçleri ve mevcut demografik yapısına odaklanmaktadır. Almanya Federal İstatistik Bürosu (Statistisches Bundesamt) verilerine göre 289 bin kişi göç deneyimine sahip veya birinci kuşak kişilerden oluşmakta, bunların soyundan gelen yeni kuşak göçmenlerle birlikte bu sayı 415 bine ulaşmaktadır. Almanya’daki Bosna kökenli nüfusun yarısına yakını aile birleşimi ve evlilik yoluyla göç sürecine katılmıştır. Göçmen nüfusun %84’ü Almanya’daki 16 eyaletten 4’ünde yoğunlaşmış bulunmaktadır. Ülkedeki diğer göçmenlere nispetle, eğitim, istihdam ve gelir düzeyi gibi sosyo-ekonomik göstergeler açısından daha iyi bir düzeye sahip Bosna toplumu, ev sahibi toplum ile başarılı bir entegrasyon süreci yaşamaktadır.

References

  • Alscher, S., Obergfel, J., & Roos, S. (2015). Migrationsprofil Westbalkan: Ursachen, herausforderungen und lösungsansätze. Nürnberg : Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge.
  • Castles, S., & Miller, M. (1998). Age of Migration - International Population Movements in the Modern World . London: Macmillan Press .
  • Dimova, R. (2006). From protection to ordeal: Duldung status and Bosnians in Berlin. Max Plank Institute for Social Anthropology Workıng Papers, 87, 0-12.
  • Dimova, R., & Wolff, F.-C. (2015). Remittances and Chain Migration:Longitudinal Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Journal of Development Studies, 51(5), 554-568.
  • Domazet, A., Domjan, V., Pestek, A., & Hadzic, F. (2020). Održivost Emigracija iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung BiH. Efendic, A. (2016). Emigration intentions in a post-conflict. Post-Communist Economies, 28(3), 335-352.
  • Efendic, A., Babic, B., & Rebmann, A. (2014). Diaspora and Development Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Embassy of Switzerland in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Halilovich, H. (2012). Trans-Local Communities in the Age of Transnationalism: Bosnians in Diaspora. International Migration, 50(1), 162-178. Halilovich, H., Hasić, J., Karabegović, D., Karahmetović-
  • Muratović, A., & Oruč, N. (2018). Mapping the Bosnian-Herzegovinan Diaspora. Sarajevo: Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of BiH.
  • Karabegovic, D. (2017). Bosnia abroad: Transnational diaspora mobilization. PhD dissertation, UK: University of Warwick. Von http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/93172/1/WRAP_Theses_ Karabegovic_2017.pdf abgerufen
  • Karabegovic, D., & Hasic, J. (2019). ‘Protection and Promotion of BiH’s Citizens’ Interests Abroad’: Foreign Policy Relations with Diaspora. In N. P.-E. Europe, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Foreign Policy Since Independence (S. 209-231). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kupiszewski, M. (2009). Labor migration in Southeast Europe: A review of the literature and a look at transversal issues. Südosteuropa, 57(4), 425–451.
  • Kupiszewski, M., Kicinger, A., Kupiszewska, D., & Flinterman, F. (2009). Labour Migration Patterns, Policies and Migration Prosperity in the Western Balkans. Budapest: International Organization for Migration.
  • Liebig, T., & Von Haaren, F. (2011). Citizenship and the Socioeconomic Integration of Immigrants and Their Children. In OECD, Naturalisation: A Passport for the Better Integration of Immigrants? (S. 23-57). Paris: OECD.
  • Ministry of Security. (2017). Bosnia and Herzegovina Migration Profile for the year 2016. Sarajevo: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Hezegovina- Immigration sectror. Von https://dijaspora.mhrr.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/MIGRACIONI_ PROFIL_2016_BOSv2.pdf abgerufen
  • Ministry of Security. (2020). Bosnia and Herzegovina Migration Profile for the year 2019. Sarajevo: Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina- Immigration Sector. Von https://dijaspora.mhrr.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Bosnia-and-HerzegovinaMigration-Profile-for-the-year-2019.pdf abgerufen 52
  • Munz, R., & Ulrich, R. (1998). Germany and its immigrants: A socio-demographic analysis. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24(1), 25-56.
  • Palloni, A., Massey, D., Ceballos, M., Espinosa, K., & Spittel, M. (2001). Social capital and International migration: A test using information on family networks. American Journal of Sociology, 105(6), 1262-1298. Paul, J. (2017).
  • Bosnian Organizations in Germany: The Limits of Contributions to Post-War. COMCAD Working Papers 150.
  • Riphahn, T. R., & Saif, S. (2018). Naturalization and labor market performance of immigrants in Germany. Nürnberg: IZA – Institute of Labor Economics.
  • State Institute for statistics. (1994). Statistical Yearbook of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992. Sarajevo: Državni zavod za statistiku.
  • Statistisches Bundesamt. (2019). Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund- Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus. Statistische Bundesamt- Destatis. Von https://www.destatis.de/ DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt. html#sprg228898 abgerufen
  • Statistisches Bundesamt. (2019a). Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit- Einbürgerungen 2018. Statistisches Bundesamt- Destatist. Von https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/ Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt.html#sprg228898 abgerufen
  • Surig, I., & Wilmes, M. (2015). The integration of the second generation in Germany: Results of the TIES survey and the descentants of Turkish and Yugoslavian migrants. Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press.
  • UNHCR. (1996). International migration buletin. Geneva: United Nations. Von https://unece.org/ fileadmin/DAM/pau/_docs/pau/PAU_1996_Publ_IntMigrBull9.pdf abgerufen
  • Valenta, M., & Ramet, S. P. (2011). The Bosnian diaspora: Integration in transnational communities. Burlington: Ashggate .
  • Valenta, M., & Strabac, Z. (2013). The dynamics of Bosnian refugee migrations in the 1990s, current migration trends and future prospects. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 32(3), 1-22.
  • Vracic, A. (2018). The Way Back: Brain Drain and Prosperity in the Western Balkans. Policy Brief - European Council on Foreign Relations. Vonhttps://ecfr.eu/publication/the_way_ back_brain_drain_and_prosperity_in_the_western_balkans/ abgerufen
  • World Bank. (2016). Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016. Wachington, DC.: World Bank.
  • Žiga, J., Turčilo, L., Osmić, A., Bašić, S., Džananović Miraščija, N., Kapidžić, D., & Brkić Šmigoc, J. (2015). YOUTH study Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Friedrich-EbertStiftung
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cultural Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Damir Softic This is me 0000-0002-4000-1513

Yusuf Adıgüzel This is me 0000-0002-8400-1099

Publication Date June 27, 2021
Submission Date May 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Softic, D., & Adıgüzel, Y. (2021). Periods of Migration Waves and Social Demography of Bosnian Population in Germany. Medya Ve Kültür, 1(1), 32-52.