Sürdürülebilir Arazi Yönetimi İçin Nüfus Hareketleri-Arazi Kullanımı Etkileşimlerinin Belirlenmesi: Türkiye Örneği

Abstract

Tarih boyunca insanlar göç ettikleri bölgelerdeki doğal kaynaklar üzerinde çeşitli etkilerde bulunmuşlardır. Son yüzyılda yaşanan sanayileşme, kırsal alanlardan kentsel alanlara göçün artmasına, kentleşmeye ve bunun sonucunda kırsal nüfus yoğunluğunun azalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de 1990-2018 yılları arasındaki nüfus hareketlerinin arazi örtüsü ve arazi kullanım değişiklikleri (LULCC) üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Arazi örtüsündeki değişiklikleri belirlemek ve arazi kullanım durumunu objektif olarak değerlendirmek için CORINE Arazi Örtüsü ürünleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, nüfus ve LULCC arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için bir Spearman korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, 1990 ve 2018 yılları arasında yapay yüzeylerde %62,7'lik önemli bir artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, tarım alanlarında %0,7'lik ılımlı bir büyüme yaşanırken, çalı ve/veya otsu bitki alanında %1'lik bir artış ve sulak alanlarda (W) %24,8'lik önemli bir artış görülmüştür. Ormanlık alanlarda (FA) %1,4'lük bir azalma ve çok az bitki örtüsü olan veya hiç bitki örtüsü olmayan açık alanlarda (OS) %9,7'lik bir düşüş yaşanmıştır. Bu dönemde, tarım alanlarının (AA) %1,8'i yapay yüzeylere (AS) ve %4,8'i çalı ve/veya otsu bitki birliklerine (SH) dönüşürken, FA'nın %0,4'ü AS'ye, %4,1'i AA'ya ve %0,5'i OS'ye dönüşmüştür. Kırsal bölgelerdeki nüfus değişkenleri ile AS ve FA'daki değişiklikler arasında negatif bir korelasyon kaydedilmiştir. FA, AA ve W'yi korumak için göç olgusuna yeterince dikkat etmek hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, ulusal ve yerel düzeyde arazi kullanımına yönelik periyodik izleme çalışmaları yürütülmelidir.

Keywords

• Arazi örtüsü değişimi
• Kırsal-Kentsel göç
• Uluslararası göç
• Mekânsal analiz
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Determining Population Movement-Land Use Interactions for Sustainable Land Management: Case of Türkiye

Abstract

Throughout history, people have had various impacts on the natural resources in the regions they have migrated to. The industrialization of the last century has caused increased migration from rural to urban areas, leading to urbanization and a consequent decrease in rural population density. The study examined the effects of population movements on land cover and land use changes (LULCC) between 1990 and 2018 in Turkey. The CORINE Land Cover products were used to identify changes in land cover and objectively evaluate land use status. The study conducted a Spearman correlation analysis to examine the association between population and LULCC. The results indicated that between 1990 and 2018, there was a significant rise in artificial surfaces, showing a 62.7% increase. In contrast, agricultural areas experienced a moderate growth of 0.7%, with a 1% increase in shrub and/or herbaceous plant area and a substantial increase of 24.8% in wetlands (W). There was a 1.4% reduction in forested areas (FA) and a 9.7% decline in open spaces with minimal or no vegetation (OS). During this period, 1.8% of agricultural area (AA) was transformed into artificial surfaces (AS), 4.8% changed to shrub and/or herbaceous plant associations (SH), whereas 0.4% of FA was transformed into AS, 4.1% into AA, and 0.5% into OS. A negative correlation was noted between population variables in rural regions and alterations in AS and FA. To safeguard FA, AA, and W, it is vital to pay enough consideration to the migration phenomenon. Therefore, periodic monitoring operations for land use at national and local levels should be conducted.

Keywords

• Land cover change
• Rural-Urban migration
• International migration
• Spatial analysis
• sustainability

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve animals. This study does not involve humans.

Thanks

I would like to express my gratitude to Emre AKTÜRK for his assistance in enhancing the work.

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