Geographical Distribution of Freshwater Fish Parasite Clinostomum spp.

Abstract

Clinostomum species a digenean trematoda belonging to the Clinostomidae family have a complex life cycle and can infect freshwater fish . These parasites are important for fish health and aquatic ecosystems. Those who use freshwater snails as the first host can follow the steps of these parasite species of nutrients followed by freshwater fish as hosts, the species of parasites as swarm hosts, and even birds that feed them with infected fish. They are seen as subcutaneous infections of the head, abdomen, and tail of freshwater fish. Birds feeding on infected fish by the parasite and their esophagus can be seen there have been reported in the literature studies. Clinostomum's first case report on human infection was seen in 1995 in Korea, was considered zoonotic parasite which is called as yellow groups diseases, they can be passed on to humans in places where raw fish meat. This parasite species in recent years, Japan, China, Iran to the west, Taiwan, Turkey began to be reported from countries in countries. Attention is drawn to identifying the types of Clinostomum that terminates for public health. In addition to morphological properties, molecular identification features are identified and differentiated from other parasite species. Here, the geographical distribution of Clinostomum species and infected fish species was reported. It was assessed that this parasite can migrate to other countries from the places reported in the literature in the generation of international fishes and migrants and may cause these parasites.

Keywords

• Clinostomum spp.
• Geographical distribution
• Freshwater parasites

Tatlı Su Balıkları Paraziti Olan Clinostomum spp’nin Coğrafik Dağılımı

Abstract

Karmaşık bir yaşam döngüsüne sahip yassı trematod Clinostomum türleri, Clinostomidae familyasına ait tatlı su balıklarını da enfekte edebilen parazitlerdir. Bu parazitler balık sağlığı ve sucul ekosistem açısından önem arz etmektedir. İlk konak olarak tatlı su salyangozlarını kullanan bu parazit türleri besin zinciri basamaklarını takip ederek ara konak olarak tatlı su balıklarını, son konak olarak söz konusu parazit türleri tarafından enfekte balıklar ile beslenen kuşları kullanabilmektedirler. Tatlı su balıklarının baş, karın ve kuyruk bölgelerinde deri altı enfeksiyonu olarak görülmektedirler. Parazit tarafından enfekte balıkla beslenen kuşların özofaguslarında görülebildiği literatür çalışmalarında rapor edilmiştir. Clinostomum' un insan enfeksiyonu ile ilgili ilk vaka raporu 1995 yılında Kore' de kabul edilmiş olup, ‘sarı grup’ hastalıkları olarak adlandırılan zoonotik parazit olarak kabul edilmekte ve çiğ balık etiyle insanlara bulaşabilmektedir. Bu parazit türü son yıllarda Japonya, Çin, İran’ın batısı, Tayvan, Türkiye gibi çeşitli ülkelerden de rapor edilmeye başlanmıştır. Halk sağlığı için Clinostomum türlerinin tanımlanmasına dikkat çekilmektedir. Morfolojik özelliklerinin yanı sıra moleküler tayin yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalarda diğer parazit türlerinden ayrımı ve tanımlanması yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Clinostomum türlerinin coğrafik dağılımı ve enfekte ettiği balık türleri bildirilmiştir. Uluslararası yapılan balık ticareti ve göçmen kuşlar aracılığıyla bu parazitin literatürde bildirilen ülkeler dışında başka ülkelere taşınabileceği ve gelecekte farklı ülkelerde enfeksiyona neden olacağı değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Clinostomum spp.
• Coğrafik dağılım
• Tatlı su paraziti

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