Geographical Distribution of Freshwater Fish Parasite Clinostomum spp.

Öz

Clinostomum species a digenean trematoda belonging to the Clinostomidae family have a complex life cycle and can infect freshwater fish . These parasites are important for fish health and aquatic ecosystems. Those who use freshwater snails as the first host can follow the steps of these parasite species of nutrients followed by freshwater fish as hosts, the species of parasites as swarm hosts, and even birds that feed them with infected fish. They are seen as subcutaneous infections of the head, abdomen, and tail of freshwater fish. Birds feeding on infected fish by the parasite and their esophagus can be seen there have been reported in the literature studies. Clinostomum's first case report on human infection was seen in 1995 in Korea, was considered zoonotic parasite which is called as yellow groups diseases, they can be passed on to humans in places where raw fish meat. This parasite species in recent years, Japan, China, Iran to the west, Taiwan, Turkey began to be reported from countries in countries. Attention is drawn to identifying the types of Clinostomum that terminates for public health. In addition to morphological properties, molecular identification features are identified and differentiated from other parasite species. Here, the geographical distribution of Clinostomum species and infected fish species was reported. It was assessed that this parasite can migrate to other countries from the places reported in the literature in the generation of international fishes and migrants and may cause these parasites.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Clinostomum spp.
• Geographical distribution
• Freshwater parasites

Tatlı Su Balıkları Paraziti Olan Clinostomum spp’nin Coğrafik Dağılımı

Öz

Karmaşık bir yaşam döngüsüne sahip yassı trematod Clinostomum türleri, Clinostomidae familyasına ait tatlı su balıklarını da enfekte edebilen parazitlerdir. Bu parazitler balık sağlığı ve sucul ekosistem açısından önem arz etmektedir. İlk konak olarak tatlı su salyangozlarını kullanan bu parazit türleri besin zinciri basamaklarını takip ederek ara konak olarak tatlı su balıklarını, son konak olarak söz konusu parazit türleri tarafından enfekte balıklar ile beslenen kuşları kullanabilmektedirler. Tatlı su balıklarının baş, karın ve kuyruk bölgelerinde deri altı enfeksiyonu olarak görülmektedirler. Parazit tarafından enfekte balıkla beslenen kuşların özofaguslarında görülebildiği literatür çalışmalarında rapor edilmiştir. Clinostomum' un insan enfeksiyonu ile ilgili ilk vaka raporu 1995 yılında Kore' de kabul edilmiş olup, ‘sarı grup’ hastalıkları olarak adlandırılan zoonotik parazit olarak kabul edilmekte ve çiğ balık etiyle insanlara bulaşabilmektedir. Bu parazit türü son yıllarda Japonya, Çin, İran’ın batısı, Tayvan, Türkiye gibi çeşitli ülkelerden de rapor edilmeye başlanmıştır. Halk sağlığı için Clinostomum türlerinin tanımlanmasına dikkat çekilmektedir. Morfolojik özelliklerinin yanı sıra moleküler tayin yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalarda diğer parazit türlerinden ayrımı ve tanımlanması yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Clinostomum türlerinin coğrafik dağılımı ve enfekte ettiği balık türleri bildirilmiştir. Uluslararası yapılan balık ticareti ve göçmen kuşlar aracılığıyla bu parazitin literatürde bildirilen ülkeler dışında başka ülkelere taşınabileceği ve gelecekte farklı ülkelerde enfeksiyona neden olacağı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Clinostomum spp.
• Coğrafik dağılım
• Tatlı su paraziti

Kaynakça

1. Acosta, A.A., Caffara, M., Fioravanti, M.L., Utsunomia, R., Zago, A.C., Franceschini, L., & da Silva, R.J. (2016). Morphological and molecular characterization of Clinostomum detruncatum (Trematoda: Clinostomidae) metacercariae infecting Synbranchus marmoratus. Journal of Parasitology, 102: 151-156.
2. Alcântara, N.M., & Tavares-Dias, M. (2015). Structure of the parasites communities in two Erythrinidae fish from Amazon River system (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 24: 183-190.
3. Anonim. (2021). Clinostomum marginatum. wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinostomum_marginatum#(Erişim Tarih: 02.03.2021)
4. Aohagi, Y., Shibahara, T., Machida, N, Yamaga, Y., & Kagota, K. (1992). Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda:Clinostomatidae) in five new fish hosts in Japan. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 28: 467-469.
5. Bonett, R.M., Steffen, M.A., Trujano-Alvarez, A.L., Martin, S.D., Bursey, C.R., & McAllister, C.T. (2011). Distribution abundance and genetic diversity of Clinostomum spp. metacercariae (Trematoda: Digenea) in a modified Ozark stream system. Journal of Parasitology, 97: 177-184.
6. Caffara, M., Bruni, G., Paoletti, C., Gustinelli, A., & Fioravanti, M.L. (2014). Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) in European newts Triturus carnifex and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae). Journal of helminthology, 88: 278-285.
7. Calhoun, D.M., McDevitt-Galles, T., & Johnson, P.T.J. (2018). Parasites of invasive freshwater fishes the factors affecting their richness. Freshwater Science, 37: 134-146.
8. Chung, D.I., Kong, H.H., & Joo, C.Y. (1995). Demonstration of the second intermediate hosts of Clinostomum complanatum in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 33: 305-312.

9. Çağatay, İ.T., Aydın, B., Aktop, Y. & Yılmaz, H.E. (2021) Molecular and morphologic study of Clinostomum complanatum (Digenea, Clinostomidae) in Garra rufa (Doctor fish) from Southern Turkey. Korean Journal of Parasitology (under review).
10. Echi, P.C., Eyo, J.E., Okafor. F.C., Onyishi G.C., & Ivoke N. (2012). First record of co–infection of three clinostomatid parasites in Cichlids (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) in a tropical freshwater lake. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 41: 86.
11. Eiras, J.C., (1994). A importância econômica dos parasitas de peixes. Higiene Alimentar, 8(31); 11-13.
12. Fedorčák, J., Šmiga, Ľ., Kutsokon, I., (2019). Parasitic infection of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu&Mayer, 1969 by zoonotic metacercariae Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814). J. Fish Dis 42; 1677-1685. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13097.
13. Grabda-Kazubska, B. (1974). Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi 1819) Euclinostomum heterostomum (Rudolphi 1809)(Trematoda Clinostomatidae) their occurrence possibility of acclimatization in artificially heated lakes in Pol. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 22: 285-293.
14. Gustinelli, A., Caffara, M., Florio, D., Otachi, E.O., Wathuta, E.M., & Fioravanti, M.L. (2010). First description of the adult stage of Clinostomum cutaneum Paperna 1964 (Digenea: Clinostomidae) from grey herons Ardea cinerea L. a redescription of the metacercaria from the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (L.) in Kenya. Systematic Parasitology, 76: 39-51.
15. Hollis, E.H., & Coker, C.M. (1948). A trematode parasite of the genus Clinostomum new to the shad Alosa sapidissima. The Journal of Parasitology, 34: 493-495.
16. Khan, S., Ahmed, S., Serajuddin, M., & Saifullah, M.K. (2018). Variation in seasonal prevalence intensity of progenetic metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum infection in Trichogaster fasciatus fish. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic Applied Sciences, 7: 310-316.
17. Li, F., Liu, X.H., Ge, H.L., Xie, C.Y., Cai, R.Y., Hu, Z.C., Zhang, Y.G., & Wang, Z.J. (2018). The discovery of Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae in farmed Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Aquaculture, 495: 273-280.
18. Malek, M., & Mobedi, I. (2001). Occurrence of Clinostomum Complanatum (Rudolphi 1819) (Digenea: Clinostomatidae) in Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Osteichthys: Cyprinidae) from Shiroud River Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 30: 95-98.
19. Maleki, L., & Ghaderi, E. (2018). Occurrence description of Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi 1819) metacercariae in freshwater fishes from Gheshlagh basin West of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics. 14(2):91-103.
20. Mouritsen, K.N., Tompkins, D.M., Poulin, R. (2005). Climate warming may cause a arasite‐ induced collapse in coastal amphipod populations. Oecologia, 146(3); 476–483. https ://doi.org/10.1007/ s00442-005-0223-0
21. Ochieng, V.O., Matolla, G.K., & Khyria, S.K. (2012). A study of Clinostomum affecting Oreochromis niloticus in small water bodies in Eldoret Kenya. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 3: 1-6.
22. Okumura, M.P.M., Perez, A.C.A., & Espındola Fılho, A. (1999). Principais zoonoses parasitárias transmitidas por pescado–revisão. Revista de Educação Continuada do CRMV-SP, 2(2): 66-80.
23. Park, C.W., Kim, J.S, Joo, H.S., & Kim J. (2009). A human case of Clinostomum complanatum infection in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 47: 401-404.
24. Pérez Ponce de León, G.P.P., Rosas-Valdez, R., Mendoza-Garfias, B., Aguilar-Aguilar, R., & Falcón-Ordaz, J. (2009). Survey of the endohelminth parasites of freshwater fishes in the upper Mezquital River Basin Durango State Mexico. Zootaxa, 2164: 1-20.
25. Rizvi, A., Chaudhary, R., Haider, M., & Naseem, I. (2020). How climate change affects parasites: the case of trematode parasite Clinostomum complanatum and its fish host Trichogaster fasiatus Journal of Parasitology, 44(2):476-480.
26. Shah, H.B., Yousuf, A.R., Chishti, M.Z., & Ahmad, F. (2013). Metacercariae of Clinostomum schizothoraxi Kaw 1950 (Digenea: Clinostomatidae) in Carassius carassius (Linnaeus) under different environmental conditions. Folia Parasitologica, 60: 163-168.
27. Shareef, P.A., Abidi, S., (2012). Incidence and histopathology of encysted progenetic metacercaria of Clinostomum complanatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) in Channa punctatus and its development in experimental host. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(6); 421–426. https ://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60068-9
28. Siddiqui, A.A, Nizami, W.A. (1982). Kinetic and electrophoretic studies on acid and alkaline phosphatases of the metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea). Journal of Helminthology, 56(01), 17. https ://doi.org/10.1017/s0022 149x00034945
29. Silveira, T., Kütter, M.T., Martins, C., Marins, F.L., Boyle, R,T., Campos, V.F., & Remia, M.H. (2021). First record of Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) in Danio rerio (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) the implication of using zebrafish from pet stores on research. Zebrafısh 00; 00. DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1950
30. Şimsek, E., Yildirim, A., Yilmaz, E., Inci, A., Duzlu, O., Onder, Z., Ciloglu, A., Yetismis, G., & Pekmezci, G.Z. (2018). Occurrence molecular characterization of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Clinostomidae) in freshwater fishes caught from Turkey. Parasitology Research, 117: 1-8.
31. Sutili, F.J., Gressler, L.T., & Pelegrini, L.F.V. (2014). Clinostomum complanatum (Trematode Digenea): a parasite of birds fishes with zoonotic potential in southern Brazil: a review. Revista Brasileira de Higienee Sanidade Animal, 8: 99-114.
32. Vianna, R.T., (2001). Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) em Rhamdia cf. quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), no Arroio Sarandi, Rio Grande, RS (Doctoral dissertation, MS Thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS).
33. Wang, M.L., Chen, H.Y., & Shih, H.H. (2017). Occurrence distribution of yellow grub trematodes (Clinostomum complanatum) infection in Taiwan. Parasitology Research, 116: 1761-1771.
34. Zimmermann, M., & Ingold, D.J. (2008). Parasite loads in three sunfish species (Lepomis sp.) on reclaimed surface mine ponds in southeasten Ohio (The Wilds). Ohio Journal of Science, 108: 71-75.