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A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 9 - 21, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628236

Abstract

Innovative technologies, particularly photogrammetry and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), significantly enhance efficiency and ensure security across various domains. In open-pit mines, which are the focus of this article, continuous monitoring of the ground surface and accurate detection of deformations are crucial for operational efficiency and occupational safety. This study examines the open-pit mine near the village of Çomaklı in the Çan district of Çanakkale province, exploring the general definition of deformation analysis and measurements using the UAV-based photogrammetric method. It discusses applying deformation analysis in mining and using UAVs in deformation studies with technological advancements. It also provides detailed information about the methodology and data collected. Aerial photographs of the mine site were captured to analyze deformation over time. A 3D surface model of the terrain was generated using the Pix4D Mapper software, enabling the assessment of volume changes in a specified working area within the stripping zone and identifying these changes through cross-sections. The results demonstrated that UAV-based photogrammetry could accurately detect volumetric changes, achieving a vertical root mean square error of approximately 8 mm and an accuracy of about 99.10% in volume estimation.

Ethical Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Thanks

We would like to thank Sercan İlhan, Geomatics Engineer; Mahmut İsmail Uysal, Geomatics Engineer; and Mehmet Adıgüzel, Surveying Technician, for their assistance with the fieldwork for this study.

References

  • Shahmoradi, J., Talebi, E., Roghanchi, P., & Hassanalian, M. (2020). A Comprehensive review of applications of drone technology in the mining industry. Drones, 4(3), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4030034
  • Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
  • Senkal E, Kaplan G & Avdan U (2021). Accuracy assessment of digital surface models from unmanned aerial vehicles’ imagery on archaeological sites. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 6(2), 81-89
  • İlhan, S., & Aydar, U. (2023). İHA görüntülerinden yararlanarak taşkın analizinin yapılması: Çan (Kocabaş) Çayı örneği. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 5(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.51534/tiha.1220290
  • Pırtı, A, Özdemir, H, Hoşbaş, R. (2020) Madencilik çalışmalarında sismik veri toplama ve ölçme tekniklerinin kullanılabilirliğinin analizi. Geomatik, 5(3), 160-171, DOI: 10.29128/geomatik.614862
  • Muammer Seki , İbrahim Tiryakioğlu , Murat Uysal , (2017). Farklı veri toplama yöntemleriyle yapılan hacim hesaplarının karşılaştırılması. Geomatik, 2(2), 2017, 106 - 111, https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.322901
  • Gül, Y. (2019). Açık maden işletmelerinde İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) uygulamaları. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 62(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.519506
  • Şahin, V., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2021). Hacim hesaplarında İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) verilerinin kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 3(2), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.51534/tiha.955271
  • Kun, M., & Özcan, B. (2019). Maden ocaklarında insansız hava aracı kullanımı: örnek bir saha çalışması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 554-564. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.624484
  • Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108).
  • Sarı, H. (2022). İnsanız Hava Aracı (Drone) ile erozyon alanlarının tespiti: Trakya Yarımadası örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.892105
  • Villi, O., and M. Yakar. 2024. “Sensor Technologies in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Types and Applications.” Advanced UAV 4 (1): 1–18
  • Şasi, A., & Yakar, M. (2017). Photogrammetric modelling of sakahane masjid using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 1(2), 82-87.
  • Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17.
  • Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
  • Raeva, P. L., Filipova, S. L., and Filipov, D. G.: Volume computation of a stockpile – A study case comparing GPS and UAV measurements in an open pit quarry, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B1, 999–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B1-999-2016, 2016.
  • Deliry, S. I., & Avdan, U. (2024). Accuracy assessment of UAS photogrammetry and structure from motion in surveying and mapping. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9 (2), 165- 190
  • Öztürk, O., Bilgilioğlu, B. B., Çelik, M. F., Bilgilioğlu, S. S., & Raşit, U. L. U. Ğ. (2017). İnsanız Hava Aracı (İHA) görüntüleri ile ortofoto üretiminde yükseklik ve kamera açısının doğruluğa etkisinin araştırılması. Geomatik, 2(3), 135-142.
  • Maraş, E. E., & Nasery, M. N. (2023). Investigating the length, area and volume measurement accuracy of UAV-Based oblique photogrammetry models produced with and without ground control points. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 8(1), 32-51
Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 9 - 21, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628236

Abstract

References

  • Shahmoradi, J., Talebi, E., Roghanchi, P., & Hassanalian, M. (2020). A Comprehensive review of applications of drone technology in the mining industry. Drones, 4(3), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4030034
  • Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
  • Senkal E, Kaplan G & Avdan U (2021). Accuracy assessment of digital surface models from unmanned aerial vehicles’ imagery on archaeological sites. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 6(2), 81-89
  • İlhan, S., & Aydar, U. (2023). İHA görüntülerinden yararlanarak taşkın analizinin yapılması: Çan (Kocabaş) Çayı örneği. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 5(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.51534/tiha.1220290
  • Pırtı, A, Özdemir, H, Hoşbaş, R. (2020) Madencilik çalışmalarında sismik veri toplama ve ölçme tekniklerinin kullanılabilirliğinin analizi. Geomatik, 5(3), 160-171, DOI: 10.29128/geomatik.614862
  • Muammer Seki , İbrahim Tiryakioğlu , Murat Uysal , (2017). Farklı veri toplama yöntemleriyle yapılan hacim hesaplarının karşılaştırılması. Geomatik, 2(2), 2017, 106 - 111, https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.322901
  • Gül, Y. (2019). Açık maden işletmelerinde İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) uygulamaları. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 62(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.519506
  • Şahin, V., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2021). Hacim hesaplarında İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) verilerinin kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 3(2), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.51534/tiha.955271
  • Kun, M., & Özcan, B. (2019). Maden ocaklarında insansız hava aracı kullanımı: örnek bir saha çalışması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 554-564. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.624484
  • Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108).
  • Sarı, H. (2022). İnsanız Hava Aracı (Drone) ile erozyon alanlarının tespiti: Trakya Yarımadası örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.892105
  • Villi, O., and M. Yakar. 2024. “Sensor Technologies in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Types and Applications.” Advanced UAV 4 (1): 1–18
  • Şasi, A., & Yakar, M. (2017). Photogrammetric modelling of sakahane masjid using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 1(2), 82-87.
  • Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17.
  • Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
  • Raeva, P. L., Filipova, S. L., and Filipov, D. G.: Volume computation of a stockpile – A study case comparing GPS and UAV measurements in an open pit quarry, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B1, 999–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B1-999-2016, 2016.
  • Deliry, S. I., & Avdan, U. (2024). Accuracy assessment of UAS photogrammetry and structure from motion in surveying and mapping. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9 (2), 165- 190
  • Öztürk, O., Bilgilioğlu, B. B., Çelik, M. F., Bilgilioğlu, S. S., & Raşit, U. L. U. Ğ. (2017). İnsanız Hava Aracı (İHA) görüntüleri ile ortofoto üretiminde yükseklik ve kamera açısının doğruluğa etkisinin araştırılması. Geomatik, 2(3), 135-142.
  • Maraş, E. E., & Nasery, M. N. (2023). Investigating the length, area and volume measurement accuracy of UAV-Based oblique photogrammetry models produced with and without ground control points. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 8(1), 32-51
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Ünlü 0009-0006-7152-3142

Özgün Akçay 0000-0003-0474-7518

Early Pub Date July 1, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 28, 2025
Acceptance Date May 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ünlü, M., & Akçay, Ö. (2025). A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 7(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628236
AMA Ünlü M, Akçay Ö. A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry. MEPHOJ. June 2025;7(1):9-21. doi:10.53093/mephoj.1628236
Chicago Ünlü, Mehmet, and Özgün Akçay. “A Case Study on Deformation Analysis of an Open-Pit Mine Using UAV Photogrammetry”. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal 7, no. 1 (June 2025): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628236.
EndNote Ünlü M, Akçay Ö (June 1, 2025) A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal 7 1 9–21.
IEEE M. Ünlü and Ö. Akçay, “A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry”, MEPHOJ, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9–21, 2025, doi: 10.53093/mephoj.1628236.
ISNAD Ünlü, Mehmet - Akçay, Özgün. “A Case Study on Deformation Analysis of an Open-Pit Mine Using UAV Photogrammetry”. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal 7/1 (June 2025), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628236.
JAMA Ünlü M, Akçay Ö. A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry. MEPHOJ. 2025;7:9–21.
MLA Ünlü, Mehmet and Özgün Akçay. “A Case Study on Deformation Analysis of an Open-Pit Mine Using UAV Photogrammetry”. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2025, pp. 9-21, doi:10.53093/mephoj.1628236.
Vancouver Ünlü M, Akçay Ö. A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry. MEPHOJ. 2025;7(1):9-21.