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Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Açık Hava Etkinliklerine Yönelik Öğretmen Tutum ve Uygulamaları

Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 47 - 62, 08.01.2013

Abstract

Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin açık hava etkinlikleri ile ilgili düşünce, tutum ve uygulamalarını ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu çalışma Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki bir şehirde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı programlarda görev yapmakta olan farklı eğitim derecelerine ve farklı sürelerde deneyime sahip öğretmenlerden nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Veriler literatür ışığında araştırmacılarca kodlanmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, öğretmenlerin açık hava etkinlikleri konusunda genel olarak olumlu düşünce ve tutumlara sahip olduklarını ancak fiziksel şartların yetersizliği, okul bahçelerinde güvenlik tedbirlerinin alınmamış oluşu, sınıfların kalabalık oluşu, çocukların açık havada hastalanacaklarına dair kaygılar taşımaları, velilerin olumsuz tepkileri gibi nedenlerle uygulamada açık hava etkinliklerine yeteri kadar yer veremediklerini ortaya koymuştur.

References

  • Bal, A. (2005). Zonguldak kenti yeşil alan sistemi içerisindeki çocuk oyun alanlarının durumunun peyzaj mimarlığı ilkeleri açısından irdelenmesi. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi.
  • Başar, M. A.(2000). İlköğretim okullarının işgören ve fiziki olanakları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8,1-7.
  • Bilton, H. (2010). Outdoor learning in the early years : Management and innovation (3. Baskı). NY: Routledge.
  • Burdette, H. L. & Whitaker, R. C. (2005a). A national study of neighborhood safety, outdoor play, television viewing, and obesity in preschool children. Pediatrics, 116(3), 657-662.
  • Burdette, H. L. & Whitaker, R. C. (2005b). Resurrecting free play in young children: Looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention, affiliation, and affect. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 46-50
  • Bower, J. K., Hales, D. P., Tate, D. F., Rubin, D. A., Benjamin, S. A., & Ward, D. S. (2008). The childcare environment and children’s physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(1), 23-29.
  • Brown, W. H., Pfeiffer, K. A., McIver, K. L., Dowda, M., Almeida, J. C. A. , & Pate, R. R. (2006). Assessing preschool children's physical activity: the observational system for recording physical activity in children-preschool version. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(2), 167-176.
  • Cardon, G. M. & De Bourdeaudhuij, M. M. (2008). Are preschool children active enough? Objectively measured physical activity levels. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 326-332.
  • Clements, R. (2004). An ınvestigation of the status of outdoor play. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 5(1), 68-80.
  • Davies, M. M. (1996). Outdoors: an important context for young children’s development . Early Child Development & Care, 115, 37-49.
  • Denzin, N, K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues (1-34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Dyment, J. E. & Bell, A. C. (2008). Grounds for movement: Green school grounds as sites for promoting physical activity. Health Education Research, 23(6),952–962.
  • Finn, K., Johannsen, N. & Specker, B. (2001). Factors associated with physical activity in preschool children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 140(1), 81-85.
  • Fjİrtoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: the impact of outdoor play activities in pre-primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2), 111-117.
  • Ford, P. (1981). Principles and practices of outdoor/ environmental education. New York: Wiley.
  • Frost, J. L. (2006). The dissolution of children’s outdoor play: Causes and consequences. http://www.ipema.org/documents/common%20good%20pdf.pdf adresinden 15 Eylül 2011’de erişildi.
  • Gürkan, T. (1978). Ana sınıfı öğretmenlerinin okul öncesi eğitime ilişkin sorunları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 95-114.
  • Hannon, J. C. & Brown, B. B. (2008). Increasing preschoolers' physical activity intensities: An activity- friendly preschool playground intervention. Preventive Medicine, 46(6), 532–536.
  • Hart, C.H. & Sheehan, R. (1986). Preschoolers' play behavior in outdoor environments: Effects of traditional and contemporary playgrounds. American Educational Research Journal, 23(4), 668- 678.
  • Herrington, S. & Studtmann, K. (1998). Landscape interventions: New directions for the design of children's outdoor play environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191-205
  • Hinkley, T., Crawford, D., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., & Hesketh, K. (2008). Preschool children and physical activity . A review of correlates. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(5), 435-441.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1991). İnsan-aile-kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Kandır, A. ve Çatlık, İ. (2006). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görevli öğretmenlerin okullarının fiziksel koşullarına ve sınıflarındaki ilgi köşelerinin özelliklerine ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Mesleki Eğitim Dergisi, 8(15), 40-62.
  • Karip, E. (2007). İlköğretimde kalite: Avrupa Birliği kalite göstergeleri çerçevesinde kalitenin değerlendirilmesi. In S. Özdemir, H. Bacanlı ve M. Sözer, (Eds.) Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitim ve İlköğretim Sistemi Temel Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri, (s.211-268). Ankara: Türk Eğitim Derneği.
  • Little, H. & Wyver, S. (2008). Outdoor play: Does avoiding the risks reduce the benefits? Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(2), 33-40.
  • Louie, L. & Chan, L. (2003).The use of pedometry to evaluate the physical activity levels among preschool children in Hong Kong. Early Child Development and Care, 173(1), 97–107.
  • Malone, K. & Tranter, P. J. (2003). School grounds as sites for learning: Making the most of environmental opportunities. Environmental Education Research, 9(3), 283-303.
  • Martin, P. & Ho, S. (2009). Seeking resilience and sustainability: Outdoor education in Singapore. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9(1), 79-92.
  • Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care, (2011). Protecting children from extreme weather. http://www.eec.state.ma.us/docs1/forms_techasst/technical_assistance/extreme_weather.pdf adresinden 10 Eylül 2011 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Maynard, T. & Waters, J. ( 2007). Learning in the outdoor environment: A missed opportunity? Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development, 27(3), 255-265.
  • Merriam, S. H. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • National Association for Sport and Physical Education (2009). Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelines for children from birth to age 5. Sewickley, PA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance.
  • Ouvry, M. (2003). Exercising muscles and minds: Outdoor play and the early years curriculum. London: National Children’s Bureau.
  • Perry, J. P. (2001). Outdoor play : Teaching strategies with young children. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Rivkin, M. (1997). The schoolyard habitat movement: What it is and why children need it. Early Childhood Education Journal, 25(1), 61-66.
  • Saakslahti, A., Numminen, P., Varstala, V., Helenius, H., Tammi, A., Viikari, J., & Valimaki, I. (2004). Physical activity as a preventive measure for coronary heart disease risk factors in early childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14(3), 143–9.
  • Sener, T. (2006) The children and architecture project in Turkey. Children Youth and Environments, 16(2), 191-206.
  • Staempfli, M. B. (2009). Reintroducing adventure into children's outdoor play environments. Environment and Behavior, 41(2) 268-280.
  • Studer, M. L.(1998). Developing on outdoor classroom: Blending classroom curriculum & outdoor play space. Teksas Child Care, 12-19.
  • Sunar, D. & Okman Fişek, G. (2005). Contemporary Turkish families. In J. L. Roopnarine & U. P. Gielen, (Eds.), Families in global perspective (s169-183). Boston: Pearson.
  • Talay, İ., Aslan, F. & Belkayalı, N. (2010). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında doğa dostu ve çocuk katılımı temelli dış mekan tasarım yaklaşımları bir proje önerisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(1), 317-322.
  • Taner Derman, M. & Başal, H. A. (2010). Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze Türkiye’de okul öncesi eğitim ve ilköğretimde niceliksel ve niteliksel gelişmeler. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(11), 560-569.
  • Tucker, P. (2008). The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: A systematic review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23(4), 547–558
  • Ural, O. & Ramazan, M. O. (2007). Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitimin Dünü ve Bugünü. In Özdemir, S. Bacanlı, H ve Sözer, M. (Eds.) Türkiye’de okul öncesi eğitim ve ilköğretim sistemi temel sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri, s.11-61. Ankara: Türk Eğitim Derneği.
  • Valentine, G. & McKendrick, J. (1997). Children’s outdoor play: Exploring parental concerns about children’s safety and the changing nature of childhood. Geoforum, 28( 2), 219-235.
  • Waite, S. (2010). Losing our way? The downward path for outdoor learning for children aged 2–11 years. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 10(2), 111-126.
  • White, J. (2008). Playing and learning outdoors: making provision for high-quality experiences in the outdoor environment. New York: Routledge.
  • White, R. (2004). Young children's relationship with nature: Its importance to children's development & the http://www.whitehutchinson.com/children/articles/childrennature.shtml; adresinden 2 Ağustos 2011’de erişildi. White Hutchinson Leisure & Learning Group:
  • Wilson, R. (2008). Nature and young children: Encouraging creative play and learning in natural environments. New York: Routledge.
  • Wilson, R. A. (1996). Starting early environmental education during the early childhood years (ERIC Digest). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education (ERIC Identifier ED 402147).
Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 47 - 62, 08.01.2013

Abstract

References

  • Bal, A. (2005). Zonguldak kenti yeşil alan sistemi içerisindeki çocuk oyun alanlarının durumunun peyzaj mimarlığı ilkeleri açısından irdelenmesi. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi.
  • Başar, M. A.(2000). İlköğretim okullarının işgören ve fiziki olanakları. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8,1-7.
  • Bilton, H. (2010). Outdoor learning in the early years : Management and innovation (3. Baskı). NY: Routledge.
  • Burdette, H. L. & Whitaker, R. C. (2005a). A national study of neighborhood safety, outdoor play, television viewing, and obesity in preschool children. Pediatrics, 116(3), 657-662.
  • Burdette, H. L. & Whitaker, R. C. (2005b). Resurrecting free play in young children: Looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention, affiliation, and affect. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 46-50
  • Bower, J. K., Hales, D. P., Tate, D. F., Rubin, D. A., Benjamin, S. A., & Ward, D. S. (2008). The childcare environment and children’s physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(1), 23-29.
  • Brown, W. H., Pfeiffer, K. A., McIver, K. L., Dowda, M., Almeida, J. C. A. , & Pate, R. R. (2006). Assessing preschool children's physical activity: the observational system for recording physical activity in children-preschool version. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(2), 167-176.
  • Cardon, G. M. & De Bourdeaudhuij, M. M. (2008). Are preschool children active enough? Objectively measured physical activity levels. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 326-332.
  • Clements, R. (2004). An ınvestigation of the status of outdoor play. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 5(1), 68-80.
  • Davies, M. M. (1996). Outdoors: an important context for young children’s development . Early Child Development & Care, 115, 37-49.
  • Denzin, N, K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues (1-34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Dyment, J. E. & Bell, A. C. (2008). Grounds for movement: Green school grounds as sites for promoting physical activity. Health Education Research, 23(6),952–962.
  • Finn, K., Johannsen, N. & Specker, B. (2001). Factors associated with physical activity in preschool children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 140(1), 81-85.
  • Fjİrtoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: the impact of outdoor play activities in pre-primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2), 111-117.
  • Ford, P. (1981). Principles and practices of outdoor/ environmental education. New York: Wiley.
  • Frost, J. L. (2006). The dissolution of children’s outdoor play: Causes and consequences. http://www.ipema.org/documents/common%20good%20pdf.pdf adresinden 15 Eylül 2011’de erişildi.
  • Gürkan, T. (1978). Ana sınıfı öğretmenlerinin okul öncesi eğitime ilişkin sorunları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 95-114.
  • Hannon, J. C. & Brown, B. B. (2008). Increasing preschoolers' physical activity intensities: An activity- friendly preschool playground intervention. Preventive Medicine, 46(6), 532–536.
  • Hart, C.H. & Sheehan, R. (1986). Preschoolers' play behavior in outdoor environments: Effects of traditional and contemporary playgrounds. American Educational Research Journal, 23(4), 668- 678.
  • Herrington, S. & Studtmann, K. (1998). Landscape interventions: New directions for the design of children's outdoor play environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191-205
  • Hinkley, T., Crawford, D., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., & Hesketh, K. (2008). Preschool children and physical activity . A review of correlates. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(5), 435-441.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1991). İnsan-aile-kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Kandır, A. ve Çatlık, İ. (2006). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görevli öğretmenlerin okullarının fiziksel koşullarına ve sınıflarındaki ilgi köşelerinin özelliklerine ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Mesleki Eğitim Dergisi, 8(15), 40-62.
  • Karip, E. (2007). İlköğretimde kalite: Avrupa Birliği kalite göstergeleri çerçevesinde kalitenin değerlendirilmesi. In S. Özdemir, H. Bacanlı ve M. Sözer, (Eds.) Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitim ve İlköğretim Sistemi Temel Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri, (s.211-268). Ankara: Türk Eğitim Derneği.
  • Little, H. & Wyver, S. (2008). Outdoor play: Does avoiding the risks reduce the benefits? Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(2), 33-40.
  • Louie, L. & Chan, L. (2003).The use of pedometry to evaluate the physical activity levels among preschool children in Hong Kong. Early Child Development and Care, 173(1), 97–107.
  • Malone, K. & Tranter, P. J. (2003). School grounds as sites for learning: Making the most of environmental opportunities. Environmental Education Research, 9(3), 283-303.
  • Martin, P. & Ho, S. (2009). Seeking resilience and sustainability: Outdoor education in Singapore. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9(1), 79-92.
  • Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care, (2011). Protecting children from extreme weather. http://www.eec.state.ma.us/docs1/forms_techasst/technical_assistance/extreme_weather.pdf adresinden 10 Eylül 2011 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Maynard, T. & Waters, J. ( 2007). Learning in the outdoor environment: A missed opportunity? Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development, 27(3), 255-265.
  • Merriam, S. H. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • National Association for Sport and Physical Education (2009). Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelines for children from birth to age 5. Sewickley, PA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance.
  • Ouvry, M. (2003). Exercising muscles and minds: Outdoor play and the early years curriculum. London: National Children’s Bureau.
  • Perry, J. P. (2001). Outdoor play : Teaching strategies with young children. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Rivkin, M. (1997). The schoolyard habitat movement: What it is and why children need it. Early Childhood Education Journal, 25(1), 61-66.
  • Saakslahti, A., Numminen, P., Varstala, V., Helenius, H., Tammi, A., Viikari, J., & Valimaki, I. (2004). Physical activity as a preventive measure for coronary heart disease risk factors in early childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14(3), 143–9.
  • Sener, T. (2006) The children and architecture project in Turkey. Children Youth and Environments, 16(2), 191-206.
  • Staempfli, M. B. (2009). Reintroducing adventure into children's outdoor play environments. Environment and Behavior, 41(2) 268-280.
  • Studer, M. L.(1998). Developing on outdoor classroom: Blending classroom curriculum & outdoor play space. Teksas Child Care, 12-19.
  • Sunar, D. & Okman Fişek, G. (2005). Contemporary Turkish families. In J. L. Roopnarine & U. P. Gielen, (Eds.), Families in global perspective (s169-183). Boston: Pearson.
  • Talay, İ., Aslan, F. & Belkayalı, N. (2010). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında doğa dostu ve çocuk katılımı temelli dış mekan tasarım yaklaşımları bir proje önerisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(1), 317-322.
  • Taner Derman, M. & Başal, H. A. (2010). Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze Türkiye’de okul öncesi eğitim ve ilköğretimde niceliksel ve niteliksel gelişmeler. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(11), 560-569.
  • Tucker, P. (2008). The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: A systematic review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23(4), 547–558
  • Ural, O. & Ramazan, M. O. (2007). Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitimin Dünü ve Bugünü. In Özdemir, S. Bacanlı, H ve Sözer, M. (Eds.) Türkiye’de okul öncesi eğitim ve ilköğretim sistemi temel sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri, s.11-61. Ankara: Türk Eğitim Derneği.
  • Valentine, G. & McKendrick, J. (1997). Children’s outdoor play: Exploring parental concerns about children’s safety and the changing nature of childhood. Geoforum, 28( 2), 219-235.
  • Waite, S. (2010). Losing our way? The downward path for outdoor learning for children aged 2–11 years. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 10(2), 111-126.
  • White, J. (2008). Playing and learning outdoors: making provision for high-quality experiences in the outdoor environment. New York: Routledge.
  • White, R. (2004). Young children's relationship with nature: Its importance to children's development & the http://www.whitehutchinson.com/children/articles/childrennature.shtml; adresinden 2 Ağustos 2011’de erişildi. White Hutchinson Leisure & Learning Group:
  • Wilson, R. (2008). Nature and young children: Encouraging creative play and learning in natural environments. New York: Routledge.
  • Wilson, R. A. (1996). Starting early environmental education during the early childhood years (ERIC Digest). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education (ERIC Identifier ED 402147).
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Zeynep Alat

Özlem Akgümüş This is me

Didem Cavalı This is me

Publication Date January 8, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alat, Z., Akgümüş, Ö., & Cavalı, D. (2013). Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Açık Hava Etkinliklerine Yönelik Öğretmen Tutum ve Uygulamaları. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 47-62. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.49967

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