Prevalence of COVID -19 prevalence in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and clinical prognosis of disease

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 207 - 214, 31.08.2022

Sinem Berik Safçi Pelin Pınar Deniz

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1022167

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the demographic and polysomnographic characteristics of our obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who diagnosed by polysomnography and who had a novel coronovirus disease (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2. In addition we also aimed to evaluate whether sleep apnea syndrome is a risk factor for COVID-19. Method: The medical records of 287 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by polysomnography between the years 2018-2019 were accessed by obtaining their permissions by telemedicine method. Demographic characteristics, polysomnographic parameters, comorbid diseases, obesity states and hospitalization rates due to COVID-19 were statistically evaluated. Results: Thirty-two patient’s (11.1%) COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive. The mean age of OSAS patients with COVID-19 was 50.4±10.9, 78% were male, 71.9% had a body mass index above 30. The most common comorbidity in OSAS patients with and without COVID-19 was hypertension. Eighteen of thirty-two patients who had COVID-19 had severe OSAS. Polysomnographic parameters evaluation revealed that there was no statisticaly difference between apnea hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, mean and minimum oxygen saturations between two groups who had COVID-19 and had not. Five of our cases with COVID-19 were hospitalized and one patient needed intensive care unit. Conclusion: Although OSAS has a strong association with major comorbidities for severe COVID-19, its effects on hypoxia, decreased sleep time, impaired immunity and cytokine storm suggest OSAS as an independent risk factor.

Keywords

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Covid-19, oxidative stress, immunity

Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu tanılı hastalarımızda COVID-19 prevelansı ve hastalığın klinik seyri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada polisomnografik olarak obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) tanısı konulan hastalarımızdan SARS-CoV-2’ ye bağlı yeni koronovirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) geçirenlerin, demografik ve polisomnografik özelliklerini incelemeyi, uyku apne sendromunun COVID-19 için risk faktörü oluşturma durumunu değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmada 2018-2019 yıllları içinde polisomnografi ile OUAS tanısı konulan 287 hastanın, Tele-tıp yöntemi ile izinleri alınarak dosyalarına ulaşıldı. Bu hastaların demografik özellikleri, polisomnografik parametreleri, ek hastalık ve obezite varlığı, COVID-19 pozitif ise hastalık nedeni ile hastaneye yatış oranları istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Otuz iki (%11.1) hastanın COVID-19 polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) testi pozitifti. COVID-19 geçiren OUAS hastalarının yaş ortalaması 50.4±10.9’dı. Olguların %78’i erkekti, %71.9’unun vücut kitle indeksi 30’un üzerindeydi. COVID-19 olan ve olmayan OUAS’lı hastalarda en sık görülen ek hastalık hipertansiyondu. COVID-19 geçiren 32 hastanın 18’inin ağır dereceli OUAS’ı vardı. Uykuda solunum parametreleri değerlendirildiğinde COVID-19 geçirenler ile geçirmeyenler arasında apne hipopne indeksi, oksijen desaturasyon indeksi, ortalama ve minumum oksijen saturasyonları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu. COVID-19 geçiren beş olgu hospitalize edilmiş, bir olgunun yoğun bakım ihtiyacı olmuştu. Sonuç: OUAS’ın şiddetli COVID-19 hastalığı ile ilişkili olan majör komorbiditeler ile kuvvetli ilişkisi bulunmakla birlikte hastalığa eşlik eden hipoksi, uyku süresinin azalması ile immünite zayıflaması ve sitokin fırtınasına olan etkisi OUAS’ın bu komorbiditelerden bağımsız olarak da şiddetli COVID-19 için bir risk faktörü olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

Covid-19, obstruktif uyku apne sendromu, oksidatif stres, immünite

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