Research Article
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The effect of prophylactic ephedrine administration on maternal and fetal Doppler parameters during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 328 - 336, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of ephedrin on maternal and fetal blood flow in elective cesarean section (CS) undergoing spinal anesthesia with Doppler ultrasonography measurements. Method: This prospective, double-blind randomized study was conducted on 40 pregnant women who underwent CS and had no contraindications for spinal anesthesia. The subjects included in the study were divided into 2 groups as the group that received ephedrine (n=20) and the control group (n=20) that did not receive ephedrine. Doppler measurements such as peak systolic velocity (S), end-diacytolic velocity (D), S/D ratio, resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine artery from the mother and the umbial artery from the fetus before and after spinal anesthesia of the pregnant women in both groups was recorded. Results: The groups were matched for age, body mass index, gestational age, and indication for cesarean section. There was a statistically significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure in the ephedrine group (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in the S/D ratio in the control group (p=0.029). APGAR scores were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prophylactic administration of ephedrine under spinal anesthesia in pregnant women can prevent the decrease in uteroplacental perfusion and protect the fetus from possible fetal hypoxia and acidosis.

References

  • Reference1. Cunningham FG : Cesarean delivery and Cesarean Hysterectomy .Cunningham FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF (eds). Williams Obstetrics 20th Edition. Aplleton and Lange. Connecticut 1997;22:509-531
  • Reference2. Kavak NZ, Başgül A, Ceyhan N. Short-Term Outcome Of Newborn İnfants: Spinal Versus General Anesthesia For Electiva Cesarean Section A Prospective Randomized Study. European Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynecology And Reproductive Biology 2001; 100:50-54.
  • Reference3. Kocamanoğlu İS, Sarıhasan B, Şener B, Ve Ark. Sezaryen Operasyonlarında Uygulanan Anestezi Yöntemleri Ve Komplikasyonları: 3552 Olgunun Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2005; 25:810-816
  • Reference4. Desalu I, Kushimo OT. Is Ephedrine İnfusion More Effective At Preventing Hypotension Than Traditional Prehydration During Spinal Anaesthesia For Cesarean Section İn African Parturients. International Journal Of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2005; 14:294-299.
  • Reference5. Horn EP, Schroeder F, Gottschalk A, Et Al. Active Warming During Cesarean Delivery. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:409-14.
  • Reference6. Umuroğlu T, Yaycı A, Eti Z. Sezaryen Operasyonlarında Bölgesel Anestezi Yöntemi Seçimi. (The Choıce Of Regıonal Anaesthesia Technıque For Cesarean Sectıon) Türkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim 2006; 4:80-83.
  • Reference7. Schnittger T. Regional Anaesthesia İn Developing Countries Anaesthesia 2007;62:44-47.
  • Reference8. Ueyama H, He YL, Tanigami H, Mashimo T, Yoshiya. I. Effects Of Crystalloid And Colloid Preload On Blood Volume İn The Parturient Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 1571-6.
  • Reference9. Turan S, Turan O, Berg C, Et Al: Computerized Fetal Heart Rate Analysis. Doppler Ultrasound And Biophysical Profile Score İn The Prediction Of Acid-Base Status Of Growth-Restricted Fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:750-756, 2007
  • Reference10. Harten JM, Boyne I, Hannah P, Varveris D, Brown A. Effects Of A Height And Weight Adjusted Dose Of Local Anaesthetic For Spinal Anaesthesia For Elective Caeserean Section Anaesthesia 2005 April;60:4:348-353.
  • Reference11. French GWG, White JB, Howell SJ, Popat M. Comparison of pentasarch and Hartmann solution for volume preloading in spinal anesthesia for elective Caserean section. British Journal of Anesthesia 1999;83:475-477.
  • Reference12. Warwick D,Ngan K. Managing hypotension during anesthesia for caesarean section.Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine 2007;8:7:286-289.
  • Reference13. Juhani TP, Hannele H. Complications during spinal anesthesia for caserean delivery: a clinical report of one year’s experience. Regional Anesthesia 1993 Mar-Apr;18(2):128-31.
  • Reference14. Chen XZ, Chen H, Lou AF, Lü CC. Dose-response study of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean section. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2006 Dec;7(12):992-7.
  • Reference15. Pedersen H, Santos AC, Steinberg ES, Schapiro HM, Harmon TW, Finster M. Incidence of visceral pain during cesarean section: the effect of varying doses of spinal bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 1989;69(1):46–49.
  • Reference16. Dyer RA, Rout CC, Kruger AM, van der Vyver M, Lamacraft G, James MF. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular instability during spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section. SAMJ 2004; March, vol.94,No:3:367-72
  • Reference17. Dresner MR, Freeman JM. Anaesthesia For Cesarean Section. Best Practice &Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2001; 15:127-143.

Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 328 - 336, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, spinal anestezi uygulanan elektif sezaryen yapılan hastalarda efedrinin maternal ve fetal kan akımı üzerindeki etkilerini Doppler ultrasonografi ölçümleri ile değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu prospektif çift kör randomize çalışma elektif sezaryen uygulanan ve spinal anestezi için herhangi bir kontrendikasyonu olmayan kırk gebe kadın üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya alınan denekler efedrin alan grup (n=20) ve efedrin almayan kontrol grubu (n=20) diye 2 gruba ayrıldı. Her iki gruptaki gebelerin spinal anestezi öncesinde ve sonrasında her bir kadın için uterin arter ve fetal umbilikal arter tepe sistolik hız (S), diyasitol sonu hız (D), S/D oranı, rezistivite indeksi (RI) ve pulsatilite indeksi (PI) gibi Doppler ölçümleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: İki grup yaş, vücut kitle indeksi, gebelik yaşı ve sezaryen endikasyonu açısından eşleştirildi. Spinal anestezi öncesi (herhangi bir işlem uygulamadan önce) kontrol grubu ve efedrin grubu arasında ultrasonografik Doppler ölçüm değerleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Efedrin grubunda diyastolik kan basıncında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş vardı (p<0.001). Kontrol grubunda S/D oranında da anlamlı bir artış (p=0.029) vardı. APGAR skorları 2 grup arasında benzerdi (p>0.05). Sonuç: Gebelerde spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulaması, maternal uterin arterdeki S/D artışının önüne geçerek uteroplasental perfüzyonda meydana gelebilecek engelleyebilir ve fetüsü olası hipoksi ve asidozdan koruyabilir.

References

  • Reference1. Cunningham FG : Cesarean delivery and Cesarean Hysterectomy .Cunningham FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF (eds). Williams Obstetrics 20th Edition. Aplleton and Lange. Connecticut 1997;22:509-531
  • Reference2. Kavak NZ, Başgül A, Ceyhan N. Short-Term Outcome Of Newborn İnfants: Spinal Versus General Anesthesia For Electiva Cesarean Section A Prospective Randomized Study. European Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynecology And Reproductive Biology 2001; 100:50-54.
  • Reference3. Kocamanoğlu İS, Sarıhasan B, Şener B, Ve Ark. Sezaryen Operasyonlarında Uygulanan Anestezi Yöntemleri Ve Komplikasyonları: 3552 Olgunun Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2005; 25:810-816
  • Reference4. Desalu I, Kushimo OT. Is Ephedrine İnfusion More Effective At Preventing Hypotension Than Traditional Prehydration During Spinal Anaesthesia For Cesarean Section İn African Parturients. International Journal Of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2005; 14:294-299.
  • Reference5. Horn EP, Schroeder F, Gottschalk A, Et Al. Active Warming During Cesarean Delivery. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:409-14.
  • Reference6. Umuroğlu T, Yaycı A, Eti Z. Sezaryen Operasyonlarında Bölgesel Anestezi Yöntemi Seçimi. (The Choıce Of Regıonal Anaesthesia Technıque For Cesarean Sectıon) Türkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim 2006; 4:80-83.
  • Reference7. Schnittger T. Regional Anaesthesia İn Developing Countries Anaesthesia 2007;62:44-47.
  • Reference8. Ueyama H, He YL, Tanigami H, Mashimo T, Yoshiya. I. Effects Of Crystalloid And Colloid Preload On Blood Volume İn The Parturient Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 1571-6.
  • Reference9. Turan S, Turan O, Berg C, Et Al: Computerized Fetal Heart Rate Analysis. Doppler Ultrasound And Biophysical Profile Score İn The Prediction Of Acid-Base Status Of Growth-Restricted Fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:750-756, 2007
  • Reference10. Harten JM, Boyne I, Hannah P, Varveris D, Brown A. Effects Of A Height And Weight Adjusted Dose Of Local Anaesthetic For Spinal Anaesthesia For Elective Caeserean Section Anaesthesia 2005 April;60:4:348-353.
  • Reference11. French GWG, White JB, Howell SJ, Popat M. Comparison of pentasarch and Hartmann solution for volume preloading in spinal anesthesia for elective Caserean section. British Journal of Anesthesia 1999;83:475-477.
  • Reference12. Warwick D,Ngan K. Managing hypotension during anesthesia for caesarean section.Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine 2007;8:7:286-289.
  • Reference13. Juhani TP, Hannele H. Complications during spinal anesthesia for caserean delivery: a clinical report of one year’s experience. Regional Anesthesia 1993 Mar-Apr;18(2):128-31.
  • Reference14. Chen XZ, Chen H, Lou AF, Lü CC. Dose-response study of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean section. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2006 Dec;7(12):992-7.
  • Reference15. Pedersen H, Santos AC, Steinberg ES, Schapiro HM, Harmon TW, Finster M. Incidence of visceral pain during cesarean section: the effect of varying doses of spinal bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 1989;69(1):46–49.
  • Reference16. Dyer RA, Rout CC, Kruger AM, van der Vyver M, Lamacraft G, James MF. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular instability during spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section. SAMJ 2004; March, vol.94,No:3:367-72
  • Reference17. Dresner MR, Freeman JM. Anaesthesia For Cesarean Section. Best Practice &Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2001; 15:127-143.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hayri Gürbostan 0000-0002-0215-2118

Uğur Ateş 0000-0003-2261-1526

Burak Yücel 0000-0003-2788-104X

Ali Özgür Karaduğan 0000-0001-6551-2515

Zehra Onar 0000-0002-2093-8800

Ayhan Çelik 0000-0001-5625-6863

Gökhan Bayanmelek This is me

Bilhan Sıdal 0000-0003-2497-3483

Erdal Kaya 0000-0001-6738-7295

Ateş Karateke 0000-0002-0199-6474

Publication Date August 31, 2022
Submission Date April 8, 2022
Acceptance Date July 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gürbostan, H., Ateş, U., Yücel, B., Karaduğan, A. Ö., et al. (2022). Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 328-336. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406
AMA Gürbostan H, Ateş U, Yücel B, Karaduğan AÖ, Onar Z, Çelik A, Bayanmelek G, Sıdal B, Kaya E, Karateke A. Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. August 2022;15(2):328-336. doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406
Chicago Gürbostan, Hayri, Uğur Ateş, Burak Yücel, Ali Özgür Karaduğan, Zehra Onar, Ayhan Çelik, Gökhan Bayanmelek, Bilhan Sıdal, Erdal Kaya, and Ateş Karateke. “Sezaryen doğumda Spinal Anestezi sırasında Profilaktik Efedrin uygulamasının Maternal Ve Fetal Doppler Parametrelerine Etkisi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15, no. 2 (August 2022): 328-36. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406.
EndNote Gürbostan H, Ateş U, Yücel B, Karaduğan AÖ, Onar Z, Çelik A, Bayanmelek G, Sıdal B, Kaya E, Karateke A (August 1, 2022) Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 328–336.
IEEE H. Gürbostan, “Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi”, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 328–336, 2022, doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406.
ISNAD Gürbostan, Hayri et al. “Sezaryen doğumda Spinal Anestezi sırasında Profilaktik Efedrin uygulamasının Maternal Ve Fetal Doppler Parametrelerine Etkisi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (August 2022), 328-336. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406.
JAMA Gürbostan H, Ateş U, Yücel B, Karaduğan AÖ, Onar Z, Çelik A, Bayanmelek G, Sıdal B, Kaya E, Karateke A. Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2022;15:328–336.
MLA Gürbostan, Hayri et al. “Sezaryen doğumda Spinal Anestezi sırasında Profilaktik Efedrin uygulamasının Maternal Ve Fetal Doppler Parametrelerine Etkisi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, 2022, pp. 328-36, doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.1085406.
Vancouver Gürbostan H, Ateş U, Yücel B, Karaduğan AÖ, Onar Z, Çelik A, Bayanmelek G, Sıdal B, Kaya E, Karateke A. Sezaryen doğumda spinal anestezi sırasında profilaktik efedrin uygulamasının maternal ve fetal Doppler parametrelerine etkisi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim derg. 2022;15(2):328-36.

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