Research Article

Eyyam al-Arous Period İn Andalucia Umayyad Caliphate

Volume: 15 Number: 1 June 30, 2024
EN TR

Eyyam al-Arous Period İn Andalucia Umayyad Caliphate

Abstract

Less than a century after the Prophet’s (PBUH) death, the Islamic community succeeded in carrying the messages of revelation across continents. In 93/711 Muslim conquerors set foot on the Iberian Peninsula. Andalusia, which had a civilization of nearly eight centuries (711-1492), was praised for its scientific and architectural works as well as vassal’s its cultural, political and religious tolerance towards different subjects. Andalusia has always had a special place and importance with the civilization it established in Islamic history. With the passage of Muslims to the Iberian Peninsula, in other words, to the lands of Andalusia, different cultural fusions were expe-rienced. In addition to Roman-Visigothic elements, Arab-Berber, Damascene-Palestinian and many other ethnic elements from Islamic Mesopotamia were also involved in this historical phenomenon. In this respect, Andalusia is a geography that has been the cradle of different civilizations throug-hout the ages. The lands of al-Andalus, which harbor many differences within its structure; Jews, Christians, Muslims, Musta’ribs, Mudadjans, mutual relations/marriages, slave/prisoner trade, ongoing wars, political refugees, murtezika and different customs and traditions carried to al-Andalus from the eastern geography intertwined with each other and formed the culture of life of al-Andalus with a new formation. Muslims offered a free living space to members of other religions and accepted them as “free citizens of the Land of Islam”. During the Muslim rule in these lands, intercommunal/international cohesion was achieved despite all kinds of differences. The Andalusian civilization, which emerged as a result of cultural fusions, almost disappeared with the loss of Muslim domination. The Catholic leaders who eventually reconquered Spain from the Muslims with the “reconquista” movement were unable to continue the experience of “convivencia”, that is, the ability to live together despite all kinds of differences, and the experience of eyyam al-arous Christians even denied the right to life to members of religions other than their own. The main goal of Islam is to build an ideal society of virtuous people. To establish a world where all beings/creatured on earth can live their lives in safety and peace. The rulers of the Umayyad State of Andalusia, who adopted these ideals as their motto, played an important role in transferring the cultural structure of Islamic civilization to the Maghreb. Abd al-Rahman I, the founder of the Umayyad State of Andalusia, laid the foundations of the eyyam al-arous period, which is the projection of a prosperous life for Anda-lusian society, by ensuring stability in this new administration, which was still in the process of formation. With Abd al-Raḥman II, who embraced his grandfather’s legacy, the period of eyyam al-arous would reach its peak and take on a form that would be worthy of his name. Abd al-Rahman II, the fourth emir of the Umayyad State of Andalusia, led his people through a prosperous period in Andalusia during his 30-year rule, which is called "Eyyam al-Arous", meaning “Wedding/ honeymoon Days”. The most brilliant period of the Umayyad State of Andalusia, also called the Umayyad and caliphate period, took place during the reign of Abd al-Rahman II. Historians have noted that the main reason why historians refer to his period as the “wedding/honeymoon days” was due to the increase in state revenues and the rise in the level of prosperity. On the other hand, Abd al-Rahman II’s coinage is an indication that the state’s revenues increased at a high level. Another important factor in determining the level of prosperity is the cultivation of agricultural land. Abd al-Rahman II’s permissive policy towards the utilization of agricultural land led to both an increase in state revenues and an increase in exports in foreign trade. Abd al-Rahman II also established a level relationship with the jurists who had a say in the society and prevented any social problems that might arise. The period of “Eyyam al-Arous” was a period of stability in Andalusia and development in all fields. So much so that wedding/honeymoon days are times of tranquility and prosperity, when development in fields such as science, art, economics and literature are at their peak. Although Abd al-Rahman’s death led to a brief period of conquest regarding the eyyam al-arous, his grandson Abd al-Rahman would claim this legacy and revive the eyyam al-arous period in Andalu-sia. The subject of “eyyam al-arous” to be discussed in this study is presented in the context of three different rulers of the Andalusian Umayyad period, the “Abd al-Rahman”, with the same name and accompanied by their biographies.

Keywords

Andalucia , Eyyam al-Arous , Abd al-Rahman I. , Abd al-Rahman II. , Abd al-Rahman III.

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ISNAD
Dinç, Zülfü. “Endülüs Emevî Devleti’nde Eyyâmü’l-Arûs Dönemi”. Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 15/1 (June 1, 2024): 51-67. https://doi.org/10.51605/mesned.1466378.