Şirketlerin İnsan Hakları Sorumluluğunun Evrimi

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 197 - 219, 30.08.2025

Pinar Yüksel Dursun

Abstract

20. yüzyılın ilk yarısından itibaren büyük şirketlerin küresel tedarik zincirlerini daha az gelişmiş bölgelere yayması ve devletlerden daha güçlü aktörler hâline gelmesiyle birlikte, bu şirketlerin yol açtığı sosyal ve çevresel zararların sorumluluğunu kimin üstleneceği sorusu, ekonomi ve sosyal bilimler literatüründe önemli bir tartışma alanı hâline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk (KSS) kavramı güçlü bir yanıt olarak ortaya çıkmış, 1950’lerden 1990’lara kadar teorik düzeyde tartışılmış, 2000’lerden sonra yerini farklı kavramlara bırakmış, uluslararası standartlara ve 2023 itibarıyla yükümlülüklere dönüşmüştür. Bu makale, kurumsal sorumlulukların bu dönüşüm sürecini dört aşamada ele almaktadır: şirket yapılarının değişimi; toplumsal farkındalığın artması; uluslararası standartların oluşumu; ve yasal yükümlülüklerin devletler ve Avrupa Birliği gibi aktörlerce kabulü. Süreç henüz tamamlanmamış olup, makalenin son bölümü bu alandaki hukuki düzenlemelerin çelişkili ve kademeli gelişimini tartışmaktadır. Çalışma, kurumsal sorumluluk uygulamaları içinde görece dar bir alanı kapsayan insan hakları konusuna odaklanmakta ve analizini bu çerçeveyle sınırlamaktadır.

Keywords

Çok uluslu şirketler , insan hakları özen yükümlülükleri , kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk , kurumsal sorumluluklar sorumlu iş dünyası uygulamaları , sorumlu iş pratikleri , sürdürülebilirlik

Thanks

The Centre for Child Rights and Business

The Evolution of Corporate Human Rights Responsibility

Abstract

Since the first half of the 20th century, as large corporations expanded their global supply chains into less developed regions and grew more powerful than states, the question of who should bear responsibility for the resulting social and environmental harm has become a central issue in economics and the social sciences. In response, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerged as a strong framework. Debated theoretically from the 1950s to the 1990s, CSR gradually gave way to new concepts after the 2000s, evolving into international standards and, as of 2023, binding legal obligations. This article analyzes this transformation of corporate responsibilities in four stages: changes in corporate structures; rising public awareness; the development of international standards; and the adoption of legal obligations by actors such as states and the European Union. The process is still ongoing, and the final section of the article discusses the inconsistent and incremental evolution of legal frameworks in this field. The study specifically focuses on human rights—an area that constitutes a relatively narrow subset within the broader field of responsible business conduct—and limits its analysis to this dimension.

Keywords

Corporate responsibilities. , corporate social responsibility , human rights due diligence , multinational corporations responsible business conduct , responsible business practices , sustainability

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