Türk Deniz İhracatında Konteyner Seçimini Etkileyen Faktörler: Firma Düzeyinde Bir Analiz

Year 2025, Volume: 52 Issue: 2, 421 - 452, 30.12.2025

Kemal Türkcan , Hülya Saygılı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türk deniz ihracatında konteyner kullanım tercihini etkileyen varış noktası, firma ve ürüne özgü faktörlerin etkisini ampirik yöntemlerle inceleme konusu yapıyoruz. Mikro düzeydeki verileri kullanarak, uzun mesafelere, bir adaya veya etkin deniz bağlantısına sahip bir ülkeye ihracat yapıldığında konteyner kullanımının arttığını tespit ettik. Tersine, yüksek gelirli bir ülkeye ihracat yapıldığında veya ticaret ortakları arasında bir ticaret anlaşması olduğunda konteyner kullanımı azalmaktadır. Ağır ve birim değeri düşük ürünlerin konteynerlerde ihraç edilme olasılığının daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Firmalar, yüksek ihracat hacmine, yüksek istihdam-üretim-verimlilik düzeyine sahip olduklarında ve çok sayıda ürün ihraç ettiklerinde konteyner kullanımını tercih etme eğilimindedirler. Son olarak, kalkış limanı, dökme yük gemileri yerine konteyner gemilerinin seçiminde en önemli faktörlerden biridir.

Keywords

Deniz ihracatı , Taşıma modu seçimi , Dökme yük gemileri , Konyetner gemileri , Limanlar

Factors affecting container choice in Turkish maritime exports: A firm-level analysis

Abstract

We quantify the impact of destination-, firm-, and product-specific factors on the choice of containerization in Turkish maritime exports. Using micro-level data, we find that containerization increases when exporting over long distances, to an island, or to a country with efficient maritime connectivity. Conversely, containerization decreases when exporting to a high-income country or if there is a trade agreement between trade partners. Heavy and low-unit-valued products are more likely to be exported in containers. Firms tend to choose containerization if they have high export volumes, a high employment-output-productivity level, and export large numbers of products. Finally, the departure port is one of the most important factors in choosing container vessels over bulk carriers.

Keywords

Maritime exports , Transport mode choice , Container vessels , Bulk carriers , Ports , Turkey

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