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Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi

Year 2025, Issue: Özel Sayı 3, 71 - 89, 31.12.2025

Berna Ak Bingül

https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1835616

Abstract

Bu çalışma, küresel gıda sistemlerinin çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal boyutlarını bir bütün olarak ele alarak, sürdürülebilir dönüşüm olanaklarını incelemektedir. Bu araştırmada, gıda sistemlerinin üretimden tüketime kadar uzanan tüm aşamaları çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal etkileri ekseninde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, mevcut üretim ve tüketim modellerinin küresel ölçekte sürdürülebilirlik sınırlarını zorladığını ve özellikle sosyal sürdürülebilirlik göstergelerinin literatürde yeterince ele alınmadığını göstermektedir. Gıda üretimi ve tüketimi süreçlerinin çevresel etkilerini azaltmanın sadece teknik ve teknolojik çözümlerle sınırlı kalmaması; bununla birlikte toplumsal eşitlik, gelir adaleti, yönetişim yapıları ve kültürel uyum gibi sosyal boyutlarla birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Teknolojik yenilikler çevresel verimliliği artırma potansiyeli taşısa da bu dönüşüm aynı zamanda ekonomik erişim ve sosyal eşitlik açısından yeni sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Genel olarak, sürdürülebilir gıda sistemlerine geçişin; çevresel, ekonomik ve toplumsal hedefleri dengeleyen kapsamlı politikalarla mümkün olabileceği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Gıda Sistemleri Sürdürülebilirlik Çevresel Etki Ekonomik İstikrar.

References

  • Alexander, P., Brown, C., Arneth, A., Finnigan, J., Moran, D., & Rounsevell, M. D. A. (2017). Losses, inefficiencies and waste in the global food system. Agricultural Systems, 153, 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.014
  • Ajeigbe, K., & Ganda, F. (2024). Leveraging Food Security and Environmental Sustainability in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence from a Global Perspective. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16187969
  • Ambikapathi, R., Schneider, K., Davis, B., Herrero, M., Winters, P., & Fanzo, J. (2022). Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity. Nature Food, 3, 764 - 779. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00588-7
  • Baker, P., Lacy-Nichols, J., Williams, O., & Labonté, R. (2021). The Political Economy of Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems: An Introduction to a Special Issue. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 10, 734 - 744. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.156
  • Braun, J. von. (2007). The world food situation: New driving forces and required actions. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
  • Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N., & Leip, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food, 2(3), 198–209.
  • Ericksen, P. J. (2008). Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research. Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 234–245.
  • Campi, M., Dueñas, M., & Fagiolo, G. (2021). Specialization in food production affects global food security and food systems sustainability. World Development, 141, 105411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105411
  • Clapp, J. (2021). The problem with growing corporate concentration and power in the global food system. Nature Food, 2, 404 - 408. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00297-7
  • Fan, S., Headey, D., Rue, C., & Thomas, T. (2021). Food Systems for Human and Planetary Health: Economic Perspectives and Challenges. Annual Review of Resource Economics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101520-081337
  • FAO. (2019). The state of food and agriculture 2019: Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA6030EN
  • FAO. (2020). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • FAO. (2022). Gender and food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • FAO. (2023). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2023: Urbanization, agrifood systems transformation and healthy diets across the rural–urban continuum. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Foley , J.A., Ramankutty N., Brauman, K.A., Cassidy,E.S., Gerber J.,Johnston, M, Mueller, N.,O’Connell,C., Ray,D.K.,West,P.C.,Balzer,C.,Bennett,E.M.,Carpenter,S.,Hill, J.,Monfreda,C., Polasky,S.,Rockstro, Sheehan,J., Siebert,S.,Tilman, D., &. Zaks, D. P. M. (2011). Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature, 478(7369), 337–342.
  • Garnett, T. (2014). What is a sustainable healthy diet? Oxford: Food Climate Research Network, University of Oxford.
  • Garnett, T., & Godfray, H. C. J. (2012). Sustainable intensification in agriculture: Navigating a course through competing food system priorities. Oxford: Food Climate Research Network, University of Oxford.
  • Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The circular economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768.
  • Giller, K., Delaune, T., Silva, J., Descheemaeker, K., Van De Ven, G., Schut, A., Van Wijk, M., Hammond, J., Hochman, Z., Taulya, G., Chikowo, R., Narayanan, S., Kishore, A., Bresciani, F., Teixeira, H., Andersson, J., & Van Ittersum, M. (2021). The future of farming: Who will produce our food?. Food Security, 13, 1073 - 1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01184-6
  • Hamilton, H., Henry, R., Rounsevell, M., Moran, D., Cossar, F., Allen, K., Boden, L., & Alexander, P. (2020). Exploring global food system shocks, scenarios and outcomes. Futures, 123, 102601 - 102601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102601
  • Halpern, B.S., Frazier, M., Verstaen, J., Rayner, P.E., Clawson,G., Blanchard, J.L., Cottrell,R.S., Froehlich,H.E., Gephart,J.A., Jacobsen,N.S., Kuempel,C.D., McIntyre,P.B., Metian,M., Moran,D., Nash,K.L., Többen,J., Williams,D.R. (2022).The environmental footprint of global food production. Nat Sustain 5, 1027–1039 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00965-x
  • Hermsdorf, D., Rombach, M., & Bitsch, V. (2017). Food waste reduction practices in German food retail. British Food Journal, 119(12), 2532-2546.
  • ICOS. (2024). About greenhouse gases – Nitrous oxide. ICOS. https://www.icos-cp.eu/science-and-impact/climate-change/ghgs
  • IFPRI. (2022). Global food policy report: Climate change and food systems. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
  • IPBES. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Bonn: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
  • IPCC. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC.(2023). Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
  • IPES-Food. (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers in the agri-food sector. Brussels: International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems.
  • Johnston, J. L., Fanzo, J. C., & Cogill, B. (2014). Understanding sustainable diets: A descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Advances in Nutrition, 5(4), 418–429.
  • Khan, M. (2024). Global Economic Fallout of COVID-19: In-Depth Review of Market Dynamics, Employment Trends, Fiscal Policies, Food Security, and Nutrition. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research. https://doi.org/10.26502/jfsnr.2642-110000162
  • Katumo, D., Liang, H., Ochola, A., Lv, M., Wang, Q., & Yang, C. (2022). Pollinator diversity benefits natural and agricultural ecosystems, environmental health, and human welfare. Plant Diversity, 44, 429 - 435.
  • Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2012). A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. Ecosystems, 15(3), 401-415.
  • Niu, S., Chen, W., Liáng, L. L., Sierra, C. A., Xia, J., Wang, S., ... & Luo, Y. (2024). Temperature responses of ecosystem respiration. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 5(8), 559-571.
  • OECD. (2021). Making better policies for food systems. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), s. 987–992.
  • Pasqualino, R., Monasterolo, I., & Jones, A. (2019). An Integrated Global Food and Energy Security System Dynamics Model for Addressing Systemic Risk. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143995
  • Puma, M., Bose, S., Chon, S., & Cook, B. (2015). Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system. Environmental Research Letters, 10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007
  • Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin III, F. S., Lambin, E., ... & Foley, J. (2009). Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and society, 14, 1-33.
  • Santeramo, F., Jelliffe, J., & Hoekman, B. (2024). Agri-food value chains and the global food dollar: The role of trade and services. Food Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102706
  • Sasáková, N., Gregová, G., Takáčová, D., Mojzisová, J., Papajová, I., Venglovsky, J., Szabóová, T., & Kováčová, S. (2018). Pollution of Surface and Ground Water by Sources Related to Agricultural Activities. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2018.00042.
  • Sharma, P., Kumari, A., Shivali, S., & Sharma, V. (2024). Impact of Food and Health in 21st Century Era: A Global Economic Crises. International Journal of Technology. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-3915.2024.00016
  • Shebanina, O. (2023). Global Aspects of Food Security in the World: Economic Dimensions. Modern Economics. https://doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v38(2023)-27
  • Sheng, D, Edmonds, J., Patel, P., Waldhoff, S., O’Neill, B., Wise, M., & Zhao, X. (2025). Labour market evolution is a key determinant of global agroeconomic and environmental futures. Nature food. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01088-6
  • Smith, N., Fletcher, A., Hill, J., & McNabb, W. (2022). Modeling the Contribution of Meat to Global Nutrient Availability. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.766796.
  • Springmann, M., et al., (2018). Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits. Nature, 562(7728), 519–525.
  • Tilman, D., & Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522.
  • Von Braun, J., & Diaz-Bonilla, E. (2008). Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. International Food Policy Research Institute.
  • Von Braun, J., & Hendriks, S. (2023). Full‐cost accounting and redefining the cost of food: Implications for agricultural economics research. Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12774
  • UNDP. (2022). Human development report 2022: Uncertain times, unsettled lives. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
  • UNEP. (2021). Food waste index report 2021. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/unep-food-waste-index-report-2021
  • UN Women. (2023). International Day of Rural Women: Investing in rural women and girls. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/observances/rural-women-day
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. New York: United Nations.
  • Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37(1), 195–222.
  • Wells, J. C., Sawaya, A. L., Wibaek, R., Mwangome, M., Poullas, M. S., Yajnik, C. S., & Demaio, A. (2020). The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health. The Lancet, 395(10217), 75-88.
  • WHO. (2021). Malnutrition. World Health Organization. https://who.int/health-topics/malnutrition
  • Willett, W., et al., (2019) Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. . The Lancet, 393(10170), 447–492
  • World Bank. (2021). Employment and jobs in food systems. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

The Quest for Transformation in Food Systems: Perspectives on Ecological Resilience, Social Equity, and Economic Sustainability

Year 2025, Issue: Özel Sayı 3, 71 - 89, 31.12.2025

Berna Ak Bingül

https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1835616

Abstract

This study explores the potential for sustainable transformation of global food systems by addressing their environmental, economic, and social dimensions through a holistic approach. Using the document analysis method, this research evaluates all stages of the food system—from production to consumption—within the framework of environmental impact, economic stability, and social justice. The findings indicate that current production and consumption models challenge global sustainability limits, while social sustainability indicators remain insufficiently emphasized. The study concludes that reducing the environmental footprint of food systems requires not only technical and technological innovations but also the integration of social equity, income distribution, governance structures, and cultural adaptability. Although technological advances have the potential to enhance environmental efficiency, they may simultaneously generate new inequalities in access and affordability. Overall, achieving sustainable food systems necessitates comprehensive policies that balance environmental, economic, and social objectives.

Keywords

Food Systems Sustainability Environmental Impact Economic Stability.

References

  • Alexander, P., Brown, C., Arneth, A., Finnigan, J., Moran, D., & Rounsevell, M. D. A. (2017). Losses, inefficiencies and waste in the global food system. Agricultural Systems, 153, 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.014
  • Ajeigbe, K., & Ganda, F. (2024). Leveraging Food Security and Environmental Sustainability in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence from a Global Perspective. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16187969
  • Ambikapathi, R., Schneider, K., Davis, B., Herrero, M., Winters, P., & Fanzo, J. (2022). Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity. Nature Food, 3, 764 - 779. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00588-7
  • Baker, P., Lacy-Nichols, J., Williams, O., & Labonté, R. (2021). The Political Economy of Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems: An Introduction to a Special Issue. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 10, 734 - 744. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.156
  • Braun, J. von. (2007). The world food situation: New driving forces and required actions. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
  • Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N., & Leip, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food, 2(3), 198–209.
  • Ericksen, P. J. (2008). Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research. Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 234–245.
  • Campi, M., Dueñas, M., & Fagiolo, G. (2021). Specialization in food production affects global food security and food systems sustainability. World Development, 141, 105411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105411
  • Clapp, J. (2021). The problem with growing corporate concentration and power in the global food system. Nature Food, 2, 404 - 408. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00297-7
  • Fan, S., Headey, D., Rue, C., & Thomas, T. (2021). Food Systems for Human and Planetary Health: Economic Perspectives and Challenges. Annual Review of Resource Economics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101520-081337
  • FAO. (2019). The state of food and agriculture 2019: Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA6030EN
  • FAO. (2020). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • FAO. (2022). Gender and food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • FAO. (2023). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2023: Urbanization, agrifood systems transformation and healthy diets across the rural–urban continuum. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Foley , J.A., Ramankutty N., Brauman, K.A., Cassidy,E.S., Gerber J.,Johnston, M, Mueller, N.,O’Connell,C., Ray,D.K.,West,P.C.,Balzer,C.,Bennett,E.M.,Carpenter,S.,Hill, J.,Monfreda,C., Polasky,S.,Rockstro, Sheehan,J., Siebert,S.,Tilman, D., &. Zaks, D. P. M. (2011). Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature, 478(7369), 337–342.
  • Garnett, T. (2014). What is a sustainable healthy diet? Oxford: Food Climate Research Network, University of Oxford.
  • Garnett, T., & Godfray, H. C. J. (2012). Sustainable intensification in agriculture: Navigating a course through competing food system priorities. Oxford: Food Climate Research Network, University of Oxford.
  • Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The circular economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768.
  • Giller, K., Delaune, T., Silva, J., Descheemaeker, K., Van De Ven, G., Schut, A., Van Wijk, M., Hammond, J., Hochman, Z., Taulya, G., Chikowo, R., Narayanan, S., Kishore, A., Bresciani, F., Teixeira, H., Andersson, J., & Van Ittersum, M. (2021). The future of farming: Who will produce our food?. Food Security, 13, 1073 - 1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01184-6
  • Hamilton, H., Henry, R., Rounsevell, M., Moran, D., Cossar, F., Allen, K., Boden, L., & Alexander, P. (2020). Exploring global food system shocks, scenarios and outcomes. Futures, 123, 102601 - 102601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102601
  • Halpern, B.S., Frazier, M., Verstaen, J., Rayner, P.E., Clawson,G., Blanchard, J.L., Cottrell,R.S., Froehlich,H.E., Gephart,J.A., Jacobsen,N.S., Kuempel,C.D., McIntyre,P.B., Metian,M., Moran,D., Nash,K.L., Többen,J., Williams,D.R. (2022).The environmental footprint of global food production. Nat Sustain 5, 1027–1039 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00965-x
  • Hermsdorf, D., Rombach, M., & Bitsch, V. (2017). Food waste reduction practices in German food retail. British Food Journal, 119(12), 2532-2546.
  • ICOS. (2024). About greenhouse gases – Nitrous oxide. ICOS. https://www.icos-cp.eu/science-and-impact/climate-change/ghgs
  • IFPRI. (2022). Global food policy report: Climate change and food systems. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
  • IPBES. (2019). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Bonn: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
  • IPCC. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC.(2023). Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
  • IPES-Food. (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers in the agri-food sector. Brussels: International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems.
  • Johnston, J. L., Fanzo, J. C., & Cogill, B. (2014). Understanding sustainable diets: A descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Advances in Nutrition, 5(4), 418–429.
  • Khan, M. (2024). Global Economic Fallout of COVID-19: In-Depth Review of Market Dynamics, Employment Trends, Fiscal Policies, Food Security, and Nutrition. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research. https://doi.org/10.26502/jfsnr.2642-110000162
  • Katumo, D., Liang, H., Ochola, A., Lv, M., Wang, Q., & Yang, C. (2022). Pollinator diversity benefits natural and agricultural ecosystems, environmental health, and human welfare. Plant Diversity, 44, 429 - 435.
  • Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2012). A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. Ecosystems, 15(3), 401-415.
  • Niu, S., Chen, W., Liáng, L. L., Sierra, C. A., Xia, J., Wang, S., ... & Luo, Y. (2024). Temperature responses of ecosystem respiration. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 5(8), 559-571.
  • OECD. (2021). Making better policies for food systems. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), s. 987–992.
  • Pasqualino, R., Monasterolo, I., & Jones, A. (2019). An Integrated Global Food and Energy Security System Dynamics Model for Addressing Systemic Risk. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143995
  • Puma, M., Bose, S., Chon, S., & Cook, B. (2015). Assessing the evolving fragility of the global food system. Environmental Research Letters, 10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024007
  • Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin III, F. S., Lambin, E., ... & Foley, J. (2009). Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and society, 14, 1-33.
  • Santeramo, F., Jelliffe, J., & Hoekman, B. (2024). Agri-food value chains and the global food dollar: The role of trade and services. Food Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102706
  • Sasáková, N., Gregová, G., Takáčová, D., Mojzisová, J., Papajová, I., Venglovsky, J., Szabóová, T., & Kováčová, S. (2018). Pollution of Surface and Ground Water by Sources Related to Agricultural Activities. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2018.00042.
  • Sharma, P., Kumari, A., Shivali, S., & Sharma, V. (2024). Impact of Food and Health in 21st Century Era: A Global Economic Crises. International Journal of Technology. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-3915.2024.00016
  • Shebanina, O. (2023). Global Aspects of Food Security in the World: Economic Dimensions. Modern Economics. https://doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v38(2023)-27
  • Sheng, D, Edmonds, J., Patel, P., Waldhoff, S., O’Neill, B., Wise, M., & Zhao, X. (2025). Labour market evolution is a key determinant of global agroeconomic and environmental futures. Nature food. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01088-6
  • Smith, N., Fletcher, A., Hill, J., & McNabb, W. (2022). Modeling the Contribution of Meat to Global Nutrient Availability. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.766796.
  • Springmann, M., et al., (2018). Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits. Nature, 562(7728), 519–525.
  • Tilman, D., & Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522.
  • Von Braun, J., & Diaz-Bonilla, E. (2008). Globalization of Food and Agriculture and the Poor. International Food Policy Research Institute.
  • Von Braun, J., & Hendriks, S. (2023). Full‐cost accounting and redefining the cost of food: Implications for agricultural economics research. Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12774
  • UNDP. (2022). Human development report 2022: Uncertain times, unsettled lives. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
  • UNEP. (2021). Food waste index report 2021. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/unep-food-waste-index-report-2021
  • UN Women. (2023). International Day of Rural Women: Investing in rural women and girls. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/observances/rural-women-day
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. New York: United Nations.
  • Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37(1), 195–222.
  • Wells, J. C., Sawaya, A. L., Wibaek, R., Mwangome, M., Poullas, M. S., Yajnik, C. S., & Demaio, A. (2020). The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health. The Lancet, 395(10217), 75-88.
  • WHO. (2021). Malnutrition. World Health Organization. https://who.int/health-topics/malnutrition
  • Willett, W., et al., (2019) Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. . The Lancet, 393(10170), 447–492
  • World Bank. (2021). Employment and jobs in food systems. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ecological Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Berna Ak Bingül 0000-0002-2813-2780

Submission Date December 3, 2025
Acceptance Date December 23, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: Özel Sayı 3

Cite

APA Ak Bingül, B. (2025). Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi. Maliye Ve Finans Yazıları, Özel Sayı 3, 71-89. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1835616
AMA 1.Ak Bingül B. Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. 2025;(Özel Sayı 3):71-89. doi:10.33203/mfy.1835616
Chicago Ak Bingül, Berna. 2025. “Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik Ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi”. Maliye Ve Finans Yazıları, no. Özel Sayı 3: 71-89. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1835616.
EndNote Ak Bingül B (December 1, 2025) Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları Özel Sayı 3 71–89.
IEEE [1]B. Ak Bingül, “Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi”, Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, no. Özel Sayı 3, pp. 71–89, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.33203/mfy.1835616.
ISNAD Ak Bingül, Berna. “Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik Ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi”. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. Özel Sayı 3 (December 1, 2025): 71-89. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1835616.
JAMA 1.Ak Bingül B. Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları. 2025;:71–89.
MLA Ak Bingül, Berna. “Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik Ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi”. Maliye Ve Finans Yazıları, no. Özel Sayı 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 71-89, doi:10.33203/mfy.1835616.
Vancouver 1.Ak Bingül B. Gıda Sistemlerinde Dönüşüm Arayışı: Ekolojik Dayanıklılık, Sosyal Eşitlik ve Ekonomik Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;(Özel Sayı 3):71-89. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA64DS99JL

The scope of the Journal of Finance Letters consists of studies in the fields of economics, public finance, finance, and banking.