Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Küresel Kriz Ertesinde Türkiye’de Ticari Bankaların Kârlılık Performanslarının Belirleyicileri

Year 2020, , 211 - 40, 01.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.775448

Abstract

Çalışmada Türkiye’deki ticari bankaların kârlılık performanslarını bilanço düzeyinde etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de faaliyette bulunan 16 ticari bankanın 2009-2019 periyodunu kapsayan yıllık verileri analiz edilmiştir. Analizde üç farklı model kurularak Panel Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM) ile bankaların kârlılık performansları incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, kârlılık göstergelerinin bir önceki dönem değerlerinden ve sermaye yeterlilik rasyosundan olumlu yönde etkilendiği görülmüştür. Likidite rasyosu aktif kârlılığını (ROA) negatif; öz kaynak kârlılığını (ROE) ve net faiz marjını (NIM) ise pozitif yönde etkilemiştir. Ayrıca bankaların sektör payları ROE ve NIM’a negatif yönde etki etmiştir. Donuk alacak oranı üç kârlılık göstergesini de negatif yönde etkilemiştir. Son olarak bağımsız değişkenlerin ROE üzerindeki etkilerinin ROA ve NIM’a yaptıkları etkiden daha güçlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Abbas, F., Iqbal, S.& Aziz, B. (2019). The impact of bank capital, bank liquidity and credit risk on profitability in postcrisis period: A comparative study of US and Asia, Cogent Economics & Finance (2019), 7: 1605683, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1605683.
  • Adelopo, I., Lloydking, R. & Tauringana, V. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability before, during, and after the financial crisis. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 14(4): 378-398. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-07- 2017-0148.
  • Adrian, T., Shin, H.S. (2014). Procyclical leverage and value-at-risk. Rev. Financ. Stud. 27 (2), 373–403.
  • Afşar, A., Karaçayır, E. (2018). Türk bankacılık sektöründe sermaye yeterlilik oranının belirleyicileri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 149-159.
  • Ahmad, Rubi, EricH. Y. Koh & Shahrin Saaid Shaharuddin. 2016. Determinants of bank profitability: A comparative study of East Asia and Latin America. International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance 7: 34–51.
  • Alandejani, M., Asutay, M. (2017). Nonperforming loans in the GCC banking sectors: Does the Islamic finance matter?, Research in International Business and Finance, Volume 42, 2017, pp. 832-854, ISSN 0275-5319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.020.
  • Alhadab, M., Al-Own, B. (2017) Earnings management and banks performance: Evidence from Europe. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 7(4), 134-145.
  • Almaqtari, F.A., Al-Homaidi, E.A., Tabash, M.I. & Farhan, N.H. (2018). The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach, International Journal of Finance&Economics-John Wiley&Sons, Inc. 2019;24:168–185, DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.1655
  • Alshatti, A. S. 2015. The Effect of the Liquidity Management on Profitability in the Jordanian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Business and Management 10: 62–71.
  • Arellano, M., Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297. doi:10.2307/2297968
  • Athanasoglou, P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18(2), 121–136.
  • Badarudin, E., Ariff, M., & Khalid, A., (2013). Post Keynesian money endogeneity in G-7 economies: Is it accommodationist or structuralist or liquidity preference? Journal of International Money and Finance, 33(2013), 146–162.
  • Bayram, S. O., Emanetoğlu, E. (2018), “TFRS 9” The Deloitte Times, Kasım 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/tr/Documents/the-deloitte-times/TFRS_9.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2020).
  • Beck, T., Levine, R. (2002). Industry Growth and Capital Allocation:Does Having A Market-Or Bank-Based System Matter?, Working Paper 8982, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2002, http://www.nber.org/papers/w8982, 1-46.
  • Bertay, C.A., Demirgüç-Kunt, A.& Huizinga, H., 2015. Bank ownership and credit over the business cycle: is lending by state banks less procyclical? J. Bank. Financ. 50, 326–339.
  • Bouheni, F. B., Hasnaoui, A. (2017). Cyclical behavior of the financial stability of eurozone commercial banks, Economic Modelling, Volume 67, 2017, pp. 392-408, ISSN 0264-9993, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.02.018.
  • Buchory, H. A. 2015. Determinant of Banking Profitability in Indonesian Regional Development Bank. Paper presented at the First International Conference “Actual Economy: Local Solutions for Global Challenges:ACE-2015”, Pataya, Thailand, July 2–3; pp. 2–3.
  • Budhathoki, B.B., Rai, C.K., Lamichhane, K.P., Bhattarai, G. & Rai, A. (2020). The Impact of Liquidity, Leverage, and Total Size on Banks’ Profitability: Evidence from Nepalese Commercial Banks, The Asian Institute of Research Journal of Economics and Business, Vol.3, No.2, 2020: 545-555.
  • Cangürel, O., Güngör, S., Sevinç, V.U., Kayci, İ.& Atalay, S. (2010). Sorularla Basel III, BDDK Risk Yönetimi Dairesi, Aralık 2010. https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/duyuru_ basel_0001_53.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 24.07.2020).
  • Carbo-Valverde, S., Rodríguez F. F. (2005). New Evidence of Scope Economies among Lending, Deposit-taking, Loan Commitments and Mutual Fund Activities, Journal of Economics and Business, vol. 57, 187-207.
  • Casu, B., Girardone, C. (2006). Bank competition, concentration and efficiency in the single European market. Manchester School, 74, 441-468.
  • Chen, X. (2020). Exploring the sources of financial performance in Chinese banks: A comparative analysis of different types of banks, The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Volume 51, 2020, 101076, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.101076
  • Coase, R.H. (1937), The nature of the firm. Economica, November 1937, 4, 386-405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. (2018). Dinamik Panel Veri Modelleri. S. Güriş (Der.), Uygulamalı Panel Veri Ekonometrisi içinde (105-130). İstanbul, Der Yayınları:481.
  • Çakmur Yıldırtan, D. (2011). E-views Uygulamaları Temel Ekonometri Makro Ekonomik Verilerle, İstanbul, Türkmen Kitabevi, 2.Baskı.
  • Çiftçi, C., Çiftçi, D. D. (2019). Güçlü Ekonomiye Geçiş Programı Sonrası Türkiye’de Banka Kârlılığının Belirleyicileri, Sosyoekonomi, 2019, 27(39), 111-131, DOI: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.01.07.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: Some international evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2), 379–408.
  • Demirgüç‐Kunt, A., Laeven, L. & Levine, R. (2004). Regulations, Market Structure, Institutions, and the Cost of Financial Intermediation. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36, 563– 83.
  • Dietrich, A., Wanzenried, G. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2011, pp.307-327.
  • Dinçer, H., Hacioglu, U. & Yuksel, S. (2016). Balanced Scorecard-based PerformanceAssessment of Turkish Banking Sector with Analytic Network Process. International Journal of Decision Sciences & Applications-IJDSA 1:f1–21.
  • Ebenezer, O. O., Omar, W. A. W. B., & Kamil, S. (2017). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147–4486), 6(1), 25– 38.
  • ECB (2016), Financial Stability Review November 2016 − Euro area financial institutions, pp.69-72, .https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/financial-stability/fsr/focus/2016/pdf/ecb~ebe9855ac7.fsrbox 201611_ 04.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.07.2020)
  • Eichengreen, B., Gibson, H. D. (2001). Greek banking at the dawn of the new. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR).
  • Fadzlan, S. (2009). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: Emprical evidence from the China banking sector. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 10(4), 281-307.
  • García-Herrero, A., Gavilá, S.&Santabárbara, D. (2009). What explains the low profitability of Chinese banks? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33 (11) (2009), pp. 2080-2092.
  • Hakim, L., Sugianto, (2018). Determinant Profitability and Implications on the Value of the Company: Empirical Study on Banking Industry in IDX. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues. 8(1)
  • Holtz-Eakin, D., Newey, W. & Rosen, H.S., (1988). Estimating vector autoregressions with panel data. Econometrica 56 (6), 1371–1395.
  • Huang, Z., Pan, H. (2016). A study on the impact of capital structure of China’s listed commercial banks on profitability. Management & Engineering, 22, 65-71.
  • Işık, Ö., Noyan Yalman, İ.&Koşaroğlu, Ş.M. (2017). Türkiye’de Mevduat Bankalarının Kârlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, DOI: 10.20491/isarder.2017.249.
  • Jabra W. B., Mighri, Z.&Mansouri, F. (2017). Bank capital, profitability and risk in BRICS banking industry, Global Business and Economics Review (GBER), Vol. 19, No. 1, 2017.
  • Kanga, D.,Murinde, V.&Soumaré, I. (2020). Capital, risk and profitability of WAEMU banks: Does bank ownership matter?, Journal of Banking & Finance, Volume 114, 2020, 105814, ISSN 0378-4266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105814.
  • Kartal, M.T. (2018). Bankaların Finans Sektöründeki Önemi, H. Dinçer& S. Yüksel (Der.), Finansal İktisat içinde, (5-27). İstanbul, Orion Kitabevi.
  • Katırcıoğlu, S., Ozatac, N. & Taspınar, N. (2020). The role of oil prices, growth and inflation in bank profitability, The Service Industries Journal, 40:7-8, 565-584.
  • Khatun, M., Siddiqui, S. (2016). Size, Equity Backing, and Bank Profitability: A Case Study Using Panel Data from Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking 6: 1–14.
  • Koç, Y. D., Karahan, F. (2017). Türk bankacılık sektöründe finansal sağlamlığın belirleyicileri. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(15), 148-153.
  • Kolapo, T.F., Ayeni, R.K. & Oke, M.O. (2012). Credit Risk and Commercial Banks' Performance in Nigeria: A Panel Model Approach, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research Vol.2 No.02 [31-38] | May-2012.
  • Kosmidou, K. (2008). The determinants of banks’ profits in Greece during the period of EU financial integration. Manage. Financ. 34, 146–159.
  • Loh, C. Z. (2017). Specific risk factors and macroeconomic factor on profitability performance an empirical evidence of Top Glove Corporation Bhd., MPRA Paper 78339, University Library of Munich, Germany. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/78339.
  • Louzis, D.P., Vouldis, A.T., Metaxas, V.L.. (2012). Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: a comparative study of mortgage, business, and consumer loan portfolios. J. Bank. Finance 36 (4), 1012–1027.
  • Mendoza, R. Ve Rivera, J.P.R. (2017). The Effect of Credit Risk and Capital Adequacy on the Profitability of Rural Banks in the Phillippines, Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 64 (1), 2017, 83-96, DOI: 10.1515/saeb-2017-0006.
  • Menicucci, E., Paolucci, G. (2016). The determinants of bank profitability: Empirical evidence from European banking sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14(1), 1-23.86–115
  • Naceur, S.M., Omran, (2011). The effects of bank regulations, competition, and financial reforms on banks' performance, Emerging Markets Review, Volume 12, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-20.
  • Nasserinia A, Ariff M, Fan-fah C. (2017). Relationship between participation bank performance and its determinants. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities. 25(2):993-1018.
  • Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Lan, Nguyen, Van Cong (2020). The Determinants of Profitability in Listed Enterprises:A Study from Vietnamese Stock Exchange, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business Vol 7 No 1 (2020). 47-58. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.
  • Noman, A. H. M., Chowdhury, M. M., Chowdhury, N.J., Kabir, M.J. & Pervin. S. (2015). The Effect of Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Banking Profitability:A Study on Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management 10: 287–97.
  • Olson, D. , Taisier A., Zoubi, T.A. (2011). Efficiency and bank profitability in MENA countries, Emerging Markets Review, Volume 12, Issue 2,2011, 94-110.
  • Ozili, P. K. (2016). Bank Profitability and Capital Regulation: Evidence from Listed and non-Listed Banks in Africa. Journal of African Business 1–26.
  • Ozili, P.K. (2015). Determinants of Bank Profitability and Basel Capital Regulation: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, ISSN 2222-2847 (Online), Vol.6, No.2.
  • Palia, D., Porter, R., (2007), Agency theory in banking: an empirical analysis of moral hazard and the agency costs of equity. Banks and bank systems, 2(3), 142 - 158.
  • Pasiouras, F., Kosmidou, K. (2007). Factors influencing the profitability of domestic and foreign commercial banks in the European Union. Research in International Business and Finance, 21(2), 222–237.
  • Rahman, H., Yousaf, M.W., Tabassum, N. (2020). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Profitability: A Revisit of Pakistani Banking Sector under Dynamic Panel Data Approach, Int. J. Financial Stud. 2020, 8(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8030042.
  • Resmi Gazete (2006), 01.11.2006 tarih ve 26333 Sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayınlanan “Bankalarca Kredilerin Ve Diğer Alacakların Niteliklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Bunlar İçin Ayrılacak Karşılıklara İlişkin Usul Ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmelik”.
  • Regehr, K., Sengupta, R. (2016). Has the Relationship between Bank Size and Profitability Changed? Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City 101: 49–72.
  • Robin, I., Salim, R.&Bloch, H. (2018). Financial performance of commercial banks in the post-reform era: Further evidence from Bangladesh, Economic Analysis and Policy, Volume 58, 2018.
  • Roy, S., Misra, A.K., Padhan, P.C.&Rahman, M.R. (2019). Interrelationship among Liquidity, Regulatory Capital and Profitability- A Study on Indian Banks, Cogent Economics & Finance (2019), 7: 1664845.
  • Rusdianto, S.E., Pratama, D. P. (2017). The effect of variable risk profile, earnings, and capital against growth of banking profit registered at indonesia stock exchange. International Journal of Business Quantitative Economics and Applied Management Research, 4(3), 40-59.
  • Saeed, M. S. (2014). Bank-related, industry-related and macroeconomic factors affecting bank profitability: A case of the United Kingdom. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5: 42 50.
  • Shim, J., (2013). Bank capital buffer and portfolio risk: the influence of business cycle and revenue diversification. J. Bank. Financ. 37, 761–772.
  • Siddique, A., Masood, O., Javaria, K.& Huy, D.T.N. (2020). A comparative study of performance of commercial banks in ASIAN developing and developed countries. Insights into Regional Development, 2(2), 580-591. https://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2020.2.2(6)
  • Şenol, Z., Öncül, M.&Alıcı, M.S. (2019). Bankalara Özgü Finansal Risklerin Banka Karlılığına Etkisi, Journal of International Management, Educational and Economics Perspectives 7 (2) (2019) 101–109., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338145690.
  • Tan, Y., Floros, C. & Anchor, J. (2017). The profitability of Chinese banks: impacts of risk, competition and efficiency, Review of Accounting and Finance, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 86-105. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAF-05-2015-0072.
  • TBB (2018). Bankalarımız 2018, www.tbb.org.tr, (Erişim Tarihi:15.07.2020)
  • TBB (2019). Bankalarımız 2019, www.tbb.org.tr, (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2020)
  • TBB (2020). Seçilmiş Rasyolar 2019, (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2020)
  • Trueman, B., Titman, S. (1988). An explanation for accounting income smoothing, Journal of Accounting Research, 26, Studies on Management's Ability and Incentives to Affect the Timing and Magnitude of Accounting Accruals, pp. 127-139.
  • Tunay, K. B., A. Silpar, A.M. (2006). Türk Ticari Bankacılık Sektöründe Kârlılığa Dayalı Performans Analizi-I. Araştırma Tebliğleri Serisi, 2006/1. Istanbul: Türkiye Bankalar Birliği.
  • Turguttopbaş, N. (2017). Türk bankacılık sektörü sermaye yeterliliğinin ekonomik konjonktürle ilişkisi. Uluslararası Katılımlı 21. Finans Sempozyumu, 18 - 21 Ekim 2017, Balıkesir, 749-761.
  • Wu, M. L. (2020). Examining the Internal Determinants of Profitability of Commercial Banks in China: A Panel Data Modeling Based Empirical Study, International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR) Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2020, pp. 1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/ 2349-0349.0803001
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu F. (2018). İleri Panel Veri Analizi, (3. Baskı), Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.
  • Yüksel, S., Mukhtarov, S., Mammadov, E., & Özsarı, M. (2018). Determinants of profitability in the banking sector: An analysis of Post-Soviet Countries. Economies, 6(3), 1-15.10.3390/ economies6030041 .
  • Zeqiraj, V., Hammoudeh, S., Iskenderoglu, O. & Kumar Tiwari A. (2019) Banking sector performance and economic growth: evidence from Southeast European countries, Post-Communist Economies, 32:2, 267-284.

Determinants of Profitability Performances of Commercial Banks in Turkey after the Global Crisis Period

Year 2020, , 211 - 40, 01.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.775448

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the factors which affect the profitability performance of commercial banks in Turkey at the balance sheet level. For this purpose, it analyzed the annual data for the 2009-2019 period covering the 16 commercial banks operating in Turkey. In the analysis, three different models established and examined the profitability performances of the banks using the Panel Generalized Moments Method (GMM). According to the analysis results, it was seen that the profitability indicators were positively affected by the previous period values and the capital adequacy ratio. While the liquidity ratio affects the return on assets (ROA) negatively, it affects the return on equity (ROE) and net interest margin (NIM) positively. Also, the sector shares of banks negatively affected ROE and NIM. Loans under the follow-up ratio affected all three profitability indicators negatively. Finally, it has been determined that the effects of independent variables on ROE are stronger than their effects on ROA and NIM.

References

  • Abbas, F., Iqbal, S.& Aziz, B. (2019). The impact of bank capital, bank liquidity and credit risk on profitability in postcrisis period: A comparative study of US and Asia, Cogent Economics & Finance (2019), 7: 1605683, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1605683.
  • Adelopo, I., Lloydking, R. & Tauringana, V. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability before, during, and after the financial crisis. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 14(4): 378-398. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-07- 2017-0148.
  • Adrian, T., Shin, H.S. (2014). Procyclical leverage and value-at-risk. Rev. Financ. Stud. 27 (2), 373–403.
  • Afşar, A., Karaçayır, E. (2018). Türk bankacılık sektöründe sermaye yeterlilik oranının belirleyicileri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 149-159.
  • Ahmad, Rubi, EricH. Y. Koh & Shahrin Saaid Shaharuddin. 2016. Determinants of bank profitability: A comparative study of East Asia and Latin America. International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance 7: 34–51.
  • Alandejani, M., Asutay, M. (2017). Nonperforming loans in the GCC banking sectors: Does the Islamic finance matter?, Research in International Business and Finance, Volume 42, 2017, pp. 832-854, ISSN 0275-5319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.020.
  • Alhadab, M., Al-Own, B. (2017) Earnings management and banks performance: Evidence from Europe. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 7(4), 134-145.
  • Almaqtari, F.A., Al-Homaidi, E.A., Tabash, M.I. & Farhan, N.H. (2018). The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach, International Journal of Finance&Economics-John Wiley&Sons, Inc. 2019;24:168–185, DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.1655
  • Alshatti, A. S. 2015. The Effect of the Liquidity Management on Profitability in the Jordanian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Business and Management 10: 62–71.
  • Arellano, M., Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297. doi:10.2307/2297968
  • Athanasoglou, P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18(2), 121–136.
  • Badarudin, E., Ariff, M., & Khalid, A., (2013). Post Keynesian money endogeneity in G-7 economies: Is it accommodationist or structuralist or liquidity preference? Journal of International Money and Finance, 33(2013), 146–162.
  • Bayram, S. O., Emanetoğlu, E. (2018), “TFRS 9” The Deloitte Times, Kasım 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/tr/Documents/the-deloitte-times/TFRS_9.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2020).
  • Beck, T., Levine, R. (2002). Industry Growth and Capital Allocation:Does Having A Market-Or Bank-Based System Matter?, Working Paper 8982, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2002, http://www.nber.org/papers/w8982, 1-46.
  • Bertay, C.A., Demirgüç-Kunt, A.& Huizinga, H., 2015. Bank ownership and credit over the business cycle: is lending by state banks less procyclical? J. Bank. Financ. 50, 326–339.
  • Bouheni, F. B., Hasnaoui, A. (2017). Cyclical behavior of the financial stability of eurozone commercial banks, Economic Modelling, Volume 67, 2017, pp. 392-408, ISSN 0264-9993, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.02.018.
  • Buchory, H. A. 2015. Determinant of Banking Profitability in Indonesian Regional Development Bank. Paper presented at the First International Conference “Actual Economy: Local Solutions for Global Challenges:ACE-2015”, Pataya, Thailand, July 2–3; pp. 2–3.
  • Budhathoki, B.B., Rai, C.K., Lamichhane, K.P., Bhattarai, G. & Rai, A. (2020). The Impact of Liquidity, Leverage, and Total Size on Banks’ Profitability: Evidence from Nepalese Commercial Banks, The Asian Institute of Research Journal of Economics and Business, Vol.3, No.2, 2020: 545-555.
  • Cangürel, O., Güngör, S., Sevinç, V.U., Kayci, İ.& Atalay, S. (2010). Sorularla Basel III, BDDK Risk Yönetimi Dairesi, Aralık 2010. https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/duyuru_ basel_0001_53.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 24.07.2020).
  • Carbo-Valverde, S., Rodríguez F. F. (2005). New Evidence of Scope Economies among Lending, Deposit-taking, Loan Commitments and Mutual Fund Activities, Journal of Economics and Business, vol. 57, 187-207.
  • Casu, B., Girardone, C. (2006). Bank competition, concentration and efficiency in the single European market. Manchester School, 74, 441-468.
  • Chen, X. (2020). Exploring the sources of financial performance in Chinese banks: A comparative analysis of different types of banks, The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Volume 51, 2020, 101076, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.101076
  • Coase, R.H. (1937), The nature of the firm. Economica, November 1937, 4, 386-405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. (2018). Dinamik Panel Veri Modelleri. S. Güriş (Der.), Uygulamalı Panel Veri Ekonometrisi içinde (105-130). İstanbul, Der Yayınları:481.
  • Çakmur Yıldırtan, D. (2011). E-views Uygulamaları Temel Ekonometri Makro Ekonomik Verilerle, İstanbul, Türkmen Kitabevi, 2.Baskı.
  • Çiftçi, C., Çiftçi, D. D. (2019). Güçlü Ekonomiye Geçiş Programı Sonrası Türkiye’de Banka Kârlılığının Belirleyicileri, Sosyoekonomi, 2019, 27(39), 111-131, DOI: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.01.07.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: Some international evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2), 379–408.
  • Demirgüç‐Kunt, A., Laeven, L. & Levine, R. (2004). Regulations, Market Structure, Institutions, and the Cost of Financial Intermediation. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36, 563– 83.
  • Dietrich, A., Wanzenried, G. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2011, pp.307-327.
  • Dinçer, H., Hacioglu, U. & Yuksel, S. (2016). Balanced Scorecard-based PerformanceAssessment of Turkish Banking Sector with Analytic Network Process. International Journal of Decision Sciences & Applications-IJDSA 1:f1–21.
  • Ebenezer, O. O., Omar, W. A. W. B., & Kamil, S. (2017). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147–4486), 6(1), 25– 38.
  • ECB (2016), Financial Stability Review November 2016 − Euro area financial institutions, pp.69-72, .https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/financial-stability/fsr/focus/2016/pdf/ecb~ebe9855ac7.fsrbox 201611_ 04.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.07.2020)
  • Eichengreen, B., Gibson, H. D. (2001). Greek banking at the dawn of the new. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR).
  • Fadzlan, S. (2009). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: Emprical evidence from the China banking sector. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 10(4), 281-307.
  • García-Herrero, A., Gavilá, S.&Santabárbara, D. (2009). What explains the low profitability of Chinese banks? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33 (11) (2009), pp. 2080-2092.
  • Hakim, L., Sugianto, (2018). Determinant Profitability and Implications on the Value of the Company: Empirical Study on Banking Industry in IDX. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues. 8(1)
  • Holtz-Eakin, D., Newey, W. & Rosen, H.S., (1988). Estimating vector autoregressions with panel data. Econometrica 56 (6), 1371–1395.
  • Huang, Z., Pan, H. (2016). A study on the impact of capital structure of China’s listed commercial banks on profitability. Management & Engineering, 22, 65-71.
  • Işık, Ö., Noyan Yalman, İ.&Koşaroğlu, Ş.M. (2017). Türkiye’de Mevduat Bankalarının Kârlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, DOI: 10.20491/isarder.2017.249.
  • Jabra W. B., Mighri, Z.&Mansouri, F. (2017). Bank capital, profitability and risk in BRICS banking industry, Global Business and Economics Review (GBER), Vol. 19, No. 1, 2017.
  • Kanga, D.,Murinde, V.&Soumaré, I. (2020). Capital, risk and profitability of WAEMU banks: Does bank ownership matter?, Journal of Banking & Finance, Volume 114, 2020, 105814, ISSN 0378-4266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105814.
  • Kartal, M.T. (2018). Bankaların Finans Sektöründeki Önemi, H. Dinçer& S. Yüksel (Der.), Finansal İktisat içinde, (5-27). İstanbul, Orion Kitabevi.
  • Katırcıoğlu, S., Ozatac, N. & Taspınar, N. (2020). The role of oil prices, growth and inflation in bank profitability, The Service Industries Journal, 40:7-8, 565-584.
  • Khatun, M., Siddiqui, S. (2016). Size, Equity Backing, and Bank Profitability: A Case Study Using Panel Data from Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking 6: 1–14.
  • Koç, Y. D., Karahan, F. (2017). Türk bankacılık sektöründe finansal sağlamlığın belirleyicileri. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(15), 148-153.
  • Kolapo, T.F., Ayeni, R.K. & Oke, M.O. (2012). Credit Risk and Commercial Banks' Performance in Nigeria: A Panel Model Approach, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research Vol.2 No.02 [31-38] | May-2012.
  • Kosmidou, K. (2008). The determinants of banks’ profits in Greece during the period of EU financial integration. Manage. Financ. 34, 146–159.
  • Loh, C. Z. (2017). Specific risk factors and macroeconomic factor on profitability performance an empirical evidence of Top Glove Corporation Bhd., MPRA Paper 78339, University Library of Munich, Germany. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/78339.
  • Louzis, D.P., Vouldis, A.T., Metaxas, V.L.. (2012). Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: a comparative study of mortgage, business, and consumer loan portfolios. J. Bank. Finance 36 (4), 1012–1027.
  • Mendoza, R. Ve Rivera, J.P.R. (2017). The Effect of Credit Risk and Capital Adequacy on the Profitability of Rural Banks in the Phillippines, Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 64 (1), 2017, 83-96, DOI: 10.1515/saeb-2017-0006.
  • Menicucci, E., Paolucci, G. (2016). The determinants of bank profitability: Empirical evidence from European banking sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14(1), 1-23.86–115
  • Naceur, S.M., Omran, (2011). The effects of bank regulations, competition, and financial reforms on banks' performance, Emerging Markets Review, Volume 12, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-20.
  • Nasserinia A, Ariff M, Fan-fah C. (2017). Relationship between participation bank performance and its determinants. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities. 25(2):993-1018.
  • Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Lan, Nguyen, Van Cong (2020). The Determinants of Profitability in Listed Enterprises:A Study from Vietnamese Stock Exchange, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business Vol 7 No 1 (2020). 47-58. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.
  • Noman, A. H. M., Chowdhury, M. M., Chowdhury, N.J., Kabir, M.J. & Pervin. S. (2015). The Effect of Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Banking Profitability:A Study on Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management 10: 287–97.
  • Olson, D. , Taisier A., Zoubi, T.A. (2011). Efficiency and bank profitability in MENA countries, Emerging Markets Review, Volume 12, Issue 2,2011, 94-110.
  • Ozili, P. K. (2016). Bank Profitability and Capital Regulation: Evidence from Listed and non-Listed Banks in Africa. Journal of African Business 1–26.
  • Ozili, P.K. (2015). Determinants of Bank Profitability and Basel Capital Regulation: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, ISSN 2222-2847 (Online), Vol.6, No.2.
  • Palia, D., Porter, R., (2007), Agency theory in banking: an empirical analysis of moral hazard and the agency costs of equity. Banks and bank systems, 2(3), 142 - 158.
  • Pasiouras, F., Kosmidou, K. (2007). Factors influencing the profitability of domestic and foreign commercial banks in the European Union. Research in International Business and Finance, 21(2), 222–237.
  • Rahman, H., Yousaf, M.W., Tabassum, N. (2020). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Profitability: A Revisit of Pakistani Banking Sector under Dynamic Panel Data Approach, Int. J. Financial Stud. 2020, 8(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8030042.
  • Resmi Gazete (2006), 01.11.2006 tarih ve 26333 Sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayınlanan “Bankalarca Kredilerin Ve Diğer Alacakların Niteliklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Bunlar İçin Ayrılacak Karşılıklara İlişkin Usul Ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmelik”.
  • Regehr, K., Sengupta, R. (2016). Has the Relationship between Bank Size and Profitability Changed? Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City 101: 49–72.
  • Robin, I., Salim, R.&Bloch, H. (2018). Financial performance of commercial banks in the post-reform era: Further evidence from Bangladesh, Economic Analysis and Policy, Volume 58, 2018.
  • Roy, S., Misra, A.K., Padhan, P.C.&Rahman, M.R. (2019). Interrelationship among Liquidity, Regulatory Capital and Profitability- A Study on Indian Banks, Cogent Economics & Finance (2019), 7: 1664845.
  • Rusdianto, S.E., Pratama, D. P. (2017). The effect of variable risk profile, earnings, and capital against growth of banking profit registered at indonesia stock exchange. International Journal of Business Quantitative Economics and Applied Management Research, 4(3), 40-59.
  • Saeed, M. S. (2014). Bank-related, industry-related and macroeconomic factors affecting bank profitability: A case of the United Kingdom. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5: 42 50.
  • Shim, J., (2013). Bank capital buffer and portfolio risk: the influence of business cycle and revenue diversification. J. Bank. Financ. 37, 761–772.
  • Siddique, A., Masood, O., Javaria, K.& Huy, D.T.N. (2020). A comparative study of performance of commercial banks in ASIAN developing and developed countries. Insights into Regional Development, 2(2), 580-591. https://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2020.2.2(6)
  • Şenol, Z., Öncül, M.&Alıcı, M.S. (2019). Bankalara Özgü Finansal Risklerin Banka Karlılığına Etkisi, Journal of International Management, Educational and Economics Perspectives 7 (2) (2019) 101–109., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338145690.
  • Tan, Y., Floros, C. & Anchor, J. (2017). The profitability of Chinese banks: impacts of risk, competition and efficiency, Review of Accounting and Finance, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 86-105. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAF-05-2015-0072.
  • TBB (2018). Bankalarımız 2018, www.tbb.org.tr, (Erişim Tarihi:15.07.2020)
  • TBB (2019). Bankalarımız 2019, www.tbb.org.tr, (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2020)
  • TBB (2020). Seçilmiş Rasyolar 2019, (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2020)
  • Trueman, B., Titman, S. (1988). An explanation for accounting income smoothing, Journal of Accounting Research, 26, Studies on Management's Ability and Incentives to Affect the Timing and Magnitude of Accounting Accruals, pp. 127-139.
  • Tunay, K. B., A. Silpar, A.M. (2006). Türk Ticari Bankacılık Sektöründe Kârlılığa Dayalı Performans Analizi-I. Araştırma Tebliğleri Serisi, 2006/1. Istanbul: Türkiye Bankalar Birliği.
  • Turguttopbaş, N. (2017). Türk bankacılık sektörü sermaye yeterliliğinin ekonomik konjonktürle ilişkisi. Uluslararası Katılımlı 21. Finans Sempozyumu, 18 - 21 Ekim 2017, Balıkesir, 749-761.
  • Wu, M. L. (2020). Examining the Internal Determinants of Profitability of Commercial Banks in China: A Panel Data Modeling Based Empirical Study, International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR) Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2020, pp. 1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/ 2349-0349.0803001
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu F. (2018). İleri Panel Veri Analizi, (3. Baskı), Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.
  • Yüksel, S., Mukhtarov, S., Mammadov, E., & Özsarı, M. (2018). Determinants of profitability in the banking sector: An analysis of Post-Soviet Countries. Economies, 6(3), 1-15.10.3390/ economies6030041 .
  • Zeqiraj, V., Hammoudeh, S., Iskenderoglu, O. & Kumar Tiwari A. (2019) Banking sector performance and economic growth: evidence from Southeast European countries, Post-Communist Economies, 32:2, 267-284.
There are 81 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esengül Salihoglu

Publication Date October 1, 2020
Submission Date July 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Salihoglu, E. (2020). Küresel Kriz Ertesinde Türkiye’de Ticari Bankaların Kârlılık Performanslarının Belirleyicileri. Maliye Ve Finans Yazıları(114), 211-40. https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.775448

Dergi özellikle maliye, finans ve bankacılık alanlarında faaliyet göstermektedir.