The Politics of the Ulama: Understading the Influential Role of the Ulama in Iran
Abstract
Although the ulama have lost their traditional roles in many parts of
the Islamic world as a result of the modernization process of the social and
political structure, the Iranian ulama not only have played a pivotal role in
many important events in the recent history of Iran, but also emerged as
the most powerful socio-political class since the Iranian revolution of
1979. In this article, I aim to understand major factors that facilitate the
development of the ulama as the most powerful political actor in Iranian
polity. Drawing on the analysis of two highly crucial historical events (the
Constitutional Revolution and the Iranian Revolution of 1979), I point out
four major factors for the development of an influential ulama class: The
reconstruction of Shi’i Islam for the rule of the ulama in the absence of the
Hidden Imam, the political and economic independence of the ulama from
the state, the close relationship between the ulama and the urban middle
class, and the weakness of the central governments.
Keywords
References
- Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press, 1982.
- Abrahamian, Ervand, "The Causes of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran." International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 10, no. 03, 1979, p, 381- 414.
- Abrahamian, Ervand, "The Crowd in Iranian Politics 1905-1953." Past & Present, no. 41, 1968, p. 184-210.
- Abrahamian, Ervand, A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- Akhavi, Shahrough. "Contending Discourses in Shici Law on the Doctrine of Wilayat Al-Faqih." Iranian Studies, Vol. 29, no. 3-4, 1996, p. 229-68.
- Faghfoory, Mohammad H. "The Ulama–State Relations in Iran: 1921–1941." International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, no. 04, 1987, p. 413- 32.
- Farhi, Farideh. "Crafting a National Identity Amidst Contentious Politics in Contemporary Iran." Iranian Studies, Vol. 38, no. 1, 2005, p. 7-22.
- Farzaneh, M.M., The Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the Clerical Leadership of Khurasani, Syracuse University Press, 2015
Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Fatih Varol
This is me
İstanbul Üniveristesi
Türkiye
Publication Date
December 28, 2016
Submission Date
October 1, 2016
Acceptance Date
November 13, 2016
Published in Issue
Year 2016 Volume: 13 Number: 2
Cited By
Dinin Ötesine Bakmak: Devrim Öncesi İran’da Ulema ve Siyaset
İran Çalışmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.365856İran Siyasal Kültüründe Şia: Devrimden Günümüze İran Siyasetinde Şiiliğin Etkisi
İran Çalışmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.899922