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Opposition; to Whom and What? Opposition in Religious Discourse

Year 2018, , 8 - 33, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.505012

Abstract

Many governments have
tried to legitimate themselves by religious discourse and, by doing this,
demanded obedience from the society. However, there have been frequent clashes
between religion and religious groups and the ruling class from the past to
present. The ruling class has declared every movement that does not obey and
acts as opponent unlawful, and has tried to destroy. Religious traditions, on
the other hand, take the concept of opposition in two contexts: the first is
the opposition to the supreme being/beings of religion and the values it
predicts. Religion does not accept such opposition and treats it as a deviation
and sin. The latter is the opposition to the earthly authorities. Concerning
this each tradition has an understanding due to its concept of authority. Some
religions like Christianity bless the concept of sovereignty, predict obedience
to any government in earth and criticize opposition. The others like Islam
accept God as the absolute authority and the relationship with earthly Powers
is addressed in this content. It is consequently considered that every
authority that does not receive its reference form God and God’s will is null
and unlawful. It is also accepted as a duty for every believer to oppose such
authorities. The Qur’an, as a matter of fact, gives many examples of the
opposition of the prophets to such authorities throughout history

References

  • Basalel, Yusuf. Yahudilik Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: Gözlem, 2001, c. 1.
  • Canfora, Luciana. Julius Caesar: The Life and Times of the People's Dictator, University of California Press 2007.
  • Cullmann, Oscar. The Early Church, London: SCM Press, 1956.
  • Helms, Randel. Gospel Fictions, New York: Prometheus Books, 1988.
  • Hillerbrand, Hans J. A New History of Christianity, Abingdon Press, 2012.
  • Hinson, E. Glenn. "Constantinianism", Encyclopedia of Religion, (second edition), ed. L. Jones, Thomson Gale 2005, c. 3.
  • Horsley, Richard A. (ed.), Paul and Empire, Religion and Power in Roman Imperial Society, Trinity Press International, 1997.
  • Jonas, H. The Gnostic Religion, Beacon Hill ,1958.
  • Mortimer, Edward. Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam, London: Faber and Faber, 1982.
  • Najovits, Simson R. Egypt, Trunk of the Tree: A Modern Survey of and An-cient Land, vol. I:, Algora Publ., 2003.

Muhalefet, Kime ve Neye: Dinsel Söylemde Muhalefet

Year 2018, , 8 - 33, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.505012

Abstract

Birçok iktidar dinden ve dinin bazı kutsallarından hareketle kendisini
meşrulaştırmış ve toplumdan kendilerine itaat istemişlerdir. Bununla birlikte
geçmişten günümüze din ve dini gruplarla iktidar sahipleri arasında sıklıkla
çatışmalar yaşanmıştır. İktidar kendisine itaat etmeyen ve muhalif davranan her
akımı gayrimeşru ilan etmiş ve bir şekilde yok etmeye çalışmıştır. Dini
gelenekler muhalefet kavramını iki bağlamda ele alır: bunlardan ilki dinin
üstün varlıklarına ve öngördüğü değerlere muhalefettir. Din böylesi bir
muhalefeti kabul etmez; sapkınlık ve günah olarak görür. İkincisi ise dünyevi
egemenlere yönelik muhalefettir. Bunu ise her din kendi iktidar algısından
hareketle tanımlar. Öyle ki egemenliği kutsayan Hıristiyanlık gibi yapılar
dünyevi iktidarlara itaati öngörür ve muhalefeti eleştirir. İslam gibi dinler
ise mutlak otorite olarak Allah’ı kabul ettiğinden dünyevi iktidarla ilişkiyi
bu bağlamda ele alır. Referansını Allah’tan ve Allah’ın sınırlarından almayan
her iktidarı zulüm olarak değerlendirir ve böylesi iktidarlara muhalefeti
inanan birey için bir görev addeder. Nitekim Kur’an tarih boyu peygamberlerin
böylesi otoritelere karşı yaptıkları muhalefetten birçok örnek verir
.

References

  • Basalel, Yusuf. Yahudilik Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: Gözlem, 2001, c. 1.
  • Canfora, Luciana. Julius Caesar: The Life and Times of the People's Dictator, University of California Press 2007.
  • Cullmann, Oscar. The Early Church, London: SCM Press, 1956.
  • Helms, Randel. Gospel Fictions, New York: Prometheus Books, 1988.
  • Hillerbrand, Hans J. A New History of Christianity, Abingdon Press, 2012.
  • Hinson, E. Glenn. "Constantinianism", Encyclopedia of Religion, (second edition), ed. L. Jones, Thomson Gale 2005, c. 3.
  • Horsley, Richard A. (ed.), Paul and Empire, Religion and Power in Roman Imperial Society, Trinity Press International, 1997.
  • Jonas, H. The Gnostic Religion, Beacon Hill ,1958.
  • Mortimer, Edward. Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam, London: Faber and Faber, 1982.
  • Najovits, Simson R. Egypt, Trunk of the Tree: A Modern Survey of and An-cient Land, vol. I:, Algora Publ., 2003.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Şinasi Gündüz

Publication Date December 28, 2018
Submission Date October 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

ISNAD Gündüz, Şinasi. “Muhalefet, Kime Ve Neye: Dinsel Söylemde Muhalefet”. Milel ve Nihal 15/2 (December 2018), 8-33. https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.505012.