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Habad-Lubaviç Hasidiliğinin Ortaya Çıkışı ve Küresel Bir Harekete Dönüşümü

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 187 - 223, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1111275

Abstract

18. yüzyılda günümüz Polonya-Ukrayna’sında ortaya çıkan Hasidizm çeşitli zaddik aileleri vasıtasıyla gelişimini sürdürmüş ve bu zaddik çeşitliliği farklı hareketleri ortaya çıkartmıştır. Rusya’da ortaya çıkan Habad-Lubaviç de bunlardan biridir. Misyon faaliyetleriyle ezoterik öğretiyi anlaşılır ve uygulanabilir kılma düşüncesi hareketin karakteristik özelliğidir. Hasidizm içi mücadele, Mitnagdim’in ve Rusların baskısı, Siyonizm’in ortaya çıkışı, Amerika’ya göç ve Yahudi kimlik mücadelesi hareketin karakterini ve stratejisini belirleyen temel unsurlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Habad-Lubaviç’in tarih sahnesine çıkışı, diğerlerinden ayrılışı ve küresel bir organizasyona dönüşümündeki kritik eşikler araştırmanın ortaya koymaya çalıştığı ana hedeftir.

References

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  • ———. “Postwar Phoenix: Hasidism after the Holocaust”. Hasidism: A New History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.
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  • Loewenthal, Naftali. Communicating the Infinite: The Emergence of the Habad School. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr, 1990.
  • ———. “Lubavitch Hasidism”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Lubavitch_Hasidism.
  • Mayse, Ariel. “The Sacred Writ of Hasidism: The Tanya and the Spiritual Vision of R. Shneur Zalman of Liady”. Books of the People: Revisiting Classic Works of Jewish Thought, editör W. Halpern Stuart, t.y.
  • Miller, Chaim. Turning Judaism Outwards: A Biography of the Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson. Kol Menachem, 2014.
  • Mindel, Nissan. “Biography of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=157177.
  • ———. “Rabbi Dov Ber Schneuri - (1773-1827)”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112320/jewish/Rabbi-Dov-Ber-Schneuri.htm.
  • ———. “Rabbi Joseph Yitzchok Schneerson - (12 Tammuz, 5640 - 10 Shevat, 5710)”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=111934.
  • Mintz, Jerome R. Hasidic People: A Place in the New World. London, England: Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • Chabad.org. “Mysticism Demystified - The Development of the Chabad Genre of Chasidic Teachings”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=1686495.
  • Polen, Nehemia. “Charismatic Leader, Charismatic Book: Rabbi Shneur Zalman’s Tanya and His Leadership”. Rabbinic and Lay Communal Authority, editör Suzanne Last Stone. KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2006.
  • Posner, Menachem. “40 Years Later: How the Chanukah Menorah Made Its Way to the Public Sphere - Through the years and the courts, a small spark in Philadelphia now lights up the world - Chabad-Lubavitch News”. Erişim 27 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/2778619/jewish/40-Years-Later-How-the-Chanukah-Menorah-Made-Its-Way-to-the-Public-Sphere.
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  • ———. “Lubavitch Women’s Organization: Chassidic Feminism - 1951-1953”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/2619813/jewish/Lubavitch-Womens-Organization-Chassidic-Feminism.htm.
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  • ———. “Toil of the Mind and Heart - Diachronic Perspectives on the Leadership and Oral Teachings of Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2853849/jewish/Toil-of-the-Mind-and-Heart.htm.
  • Rubin, Mordechai. “From Lubavitch to Shanghai: The History of Tomchei Temimim in 11 Images - Revisiting the Formative Decades of the Famous Chabad Yeshivah 120 Years Since Its Establishment”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=3771094.
  • ———. “Timeline - The Life and Times of the Tzemach Tzedek (1789-1866)”. Erişim 20 Mayıs 2019. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3285481/jewish/Timeline.htm.
  • Schneersohn, Yosef Yitzchak. “Likkutei Dibburim- 5-”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2718142/jewish/Likkutei-Dibburim-Volume-5.htm.
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The Emergence of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidism and Its Transformation into a Global Movement

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 187 - 223, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1111275

Abstract

This study deals with Chabad-Lubavitch, one of Russia’s essential representatives of the Hasidic tradition, which emerged in the 18th century in the region covering today's Poland and Ukraine. The idea of making esoteric teaching understandable and applicable through mission activities is the characteristic feature of the movement. The struggle within Hasidism, the oppression of Mitnagdim and the Russians, the emergence of Zionism, immigration to America and the struggle for Jewish identity are the main elements that determine the character and strategy of the movement. All movement leaders have worked to achieve messianic salvation, and this struggle is still carried on by its members. Chabad-Lubavitch operates with the motto of keeping the Jewish identity, tradition and heritage alive and ensuring its continuity worldwide. The emergence of Chabad-Lubavitch, which is defined as a missionary movement in the sense of conveying the orders and prohibitions of religion to the Jews, its historical course from the beginning to the present, its differences from other Hasidic traditions, the breaking points that affect the process in the transformation from a local to a global movement and the formation of mission activities are the main goal that the research seeks to reveal.

References

  • 13 Facts About Rabbi Shalom DovBer of Lubavitch - Jewish History”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/4921457/jewish/13-Facts-About-Rabbi-Shalom-DovBer-of-Lubavitch.htm.
  • “1950: Leadership”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/62169/jewish/1950-Leadership.htm.
  • Asaf, David, Gadi Sagiv, ve Marcin Wodzinski. “The Crisis of Modernity”. Hasidism: A New History. Princeton Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.
  • Biale, David, Benjamin Brown, Samuel C. Heilman, Uriel Gellman, Samuel C. Heilman, Murray Jay Rosman, Gad Sagiv, ve Marcin Wodziński. “In The Empire of The Tsars: Russıa”. Hasidism: A New History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.
  • ———. “Postwar Phoenix: Hasidism after the Holocaust”. Hasidism: A New History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.
  • Brawer, Nafthali Yosef. “Resistance and Response to Change: The Leadership of Rabbi Shalom Dovber Schneersohn (1860-1920)”. Doktora, University of London, University College London (United Kingdom), 2004.
  • Dein, Simon. “What Really Happens When Prophecy Fails: The Case of Lubavitch”. Sociology of Religion 62, sy 3 (2001): 383-401.
  • Deutsch, Shaul Shimon. Larger Than Life: The Life and Times of the Lubavitcher Rebbe Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. 1. bs. New York: Chasidic Historical Productions, 1997.
  • Dualı, Şir Muhammed. Çarlık Rusyasında Yahudiler. Divan Kitap, 2016.
  • Dubov, Nissan Dovid. To Love a Fellow Jew: The Mitzvah of Ahavas Yisrael in Chassidic Thought. Brooklyn, N.Y: Sichos in English, 1999.
  • Ehrlich, Avrum. Leadership in the Habad Movement: A Critical Evaluation of HaBaD Leadership, History and Succession. New Jersey: Jason Aronson Publishers, 2000.
  • Ehrlich, M. Avrum. The Messiah of Brooklyn: Understanding Lubavitch Hasidism Past And Present. New Jersey: Ktav Publishing House, 2004.
  • Elior, Rachel. The Paradoxical Ascent to God: The Kabbalistic Theosophy of Habad Hasidism. State University of New York Press, 1993.
  • Etkes, Immanuel. Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liady: the origins of Chabad Hasidism. Çeviren Jeffrey M. Green. Waltham. Massachusetts: Brandeis University Press, 2015.
  • ———. The Gaon of Vilna: The Man and His Image. Çeviren Jeffrey Green. Berkerley, United States: University of California Press, 2002.
  • Faierstein, Morris M. “Hasidism: The Last Decade in Research”. Modern Judaism 11, sy 1 (1991): 111-24.
  • Fishkoff, Sue. The Rebbe’s Army: Inside the World of Chabad-Lubavitch. New York, NY: Schocken Books, 2003.
  • Foxbrunner, Roman A. Habad: The Hasidism of R. Shneur Zalman of Lyady. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993.
  • Friedman, Menachem. “Habad as Messianic Fundamentalism: From Local Particularism to Universal Jewish Mission”. Accounting for Fundamentalisms: the dynamic character of movements, editör Martin E. Marty ve R. Scott Appleby. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1994.
  • Gellman, Uriel, Moshe Rosman, ve Gadi Sagiv. “Lithuania, White Russia, and The Land of Israel”. Hasidism: A New History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.
  • Goldman, Ari L. “Hasidic Group Expands Amid Debate on Future”. The New York Times, 05 Eylül 1988, blm. New York. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/05/nyregion/hasidic-group-expands-amid-debate-on-future.html.
  • Greenberg, Gershom. “Menahem Mendel Schneersohn’s Response to the Holocaust”. Modern Judaism 34, sy 1 (01 Şubat 2014): 86-122.
  • Heilman, Samuel C. Who Will Lead Us?: The Story of Five Hasidic Dynasties in America. California, United States: University of California Press, 2017.
  • Heilman, Samuel C., ve Menaḥem Friedman. The Rebbe: The Life and Afterlife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson. 4. bs. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2012.
  • Hoffman, Edward. Despite All Odds: The Story of Lubavitch. New York; London; Toronto: Simon and Schuster, 1991.
  • Jacobs, Louis. Hasidic Prayer. Cary, United States: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1984.
  • Kaminetski, Yosef Yitshak. Days in Chabad: Historic Events in the Dynasty of Chabad-Lubavitch. Çeviren Yosef Cohen. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Kehot Publication Society, 2002.
  • Katz, Rabbi Avraham, çev. “Lessons in Torah Or and Likutay Torah”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.learnchassidus.com/lessons.
  • Landa, Yosef. “The Historic Visit by the Sixth Rebbe of Chabad to St. Louis - The Royal Welcome of May 4-13, 1930”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3715920/jewish/The-Historic-Visit-by-the-Sixth-Rebbe-of-Chabad-to-St-Louis.htm.
  • Lazar, Daphne. “Chabad Lubavitch: The Centrality of the Rebbe in the Movement During His Lifetime and After His Death.” Yüksek Lisans, National Library of Canada = Bibliotheque nationale du Canada, 2000.
  • Loewenthal, Naftali. Communicating the Infinite: The Emergence of the Habad School. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr, 1990.
  • ———. “Lubavitch Hasidism”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Lubavitch_Hasidism.
  • Mayse, Ariel. “The Sacred Writ of Hasidism: The Tanya and the Spiritual Vision of R. Shneur Zalman of Liady”. Books of the People: Revisiting Classic Works of Jewish Thought, editör W. Halpern Stuart, t.y.
  • Miller, Chaim. Turning Judaism Outwards: A Biography of the Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson. Kol Menachem, 2014.
  • Mindel, Nissan. “Biography of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=157177.
  • ———. “Rabbi Dov Ber Schneuri - (1773-1827)”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112320/jewish/Rabbi-Dov-Ber-Schneuri.htm.
  • ———. “Rabbi Joseph Yitzchok Schneerson - (12 Tammuz, 5640 - 10 Shevat, 5710)”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=111934.
  • Mintz, Jerome R. Hasidic People: A Place in the New World. London, England: Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • Chabad.org. “Mysticism Demystified - The Development of the Chabad Genre of Chasidic Teachings”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=1686495.
  • Polen, Nehemia. “Charismatic Leader, Charismatic Book: Rabbi Shneur Zalman’s Tanya and His Leadership”. Rabbinic and Lay Communal Authority, editör Suzanne Last Stone. KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2006.
  • Posner, Menachem. “40 Years Later: How the Chanukah Menorah Made Its Way to the Public Sphere - Through the years and the courts, a small spark in Philadelphia now lights up the world - Chabad-Lubavitch News”. Erişim 27 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/2778619/jewish/40-Years-Later-How-the-Chanukah-Menorah-Made-Its-Way-to-the-Public-Sphere.
  • “Rabbi DovBer, the ‘Mitteler Rebbe’ (1773-1827) - A Brief Biography of the Second Chabad Rebbe”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/110442/jewish/The-Mitteler-Rebbe.htm.
  • “Rabbi Shmuel of Lubavitch - The ‘Rebbe Maharash’”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/626953/jewish/Rabbi-Shmuel-of-Lubavitch.htm.
  • Rabkin, Yakov M. Yahudilerin Siyonizm Karşıtlığı. Editör Kıvanç Koçak. Çeviren Şahika Tokel. İletişim Yayınları, 2014.
  • Rapoport-Albert, Ada. “Hasidism after 1772: Structural Continuity and Change”. Hasidism Reappraised, editör Ada Rapoport-Albert. London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1996.
  • Ravitzky, Aviezer. “The Contemporary Lubavitch Hasidic Movement”. Accounting for Fundamentalisms: The Dynamic Character of Movements, editör Martin E. Marty ve R. Scott Appleby. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
  • Rubin, Eli. “Birth and Upbringing: Childlike Vision - 1902”. Erişim 27 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/2619399/jewish/Birth-and-Upbringing-Childlike-Vision.htm.
  • ———. “Lubavitch Women’s Organization: Chassidic Feminism - 1951-1953”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/2619813/jewish/Lubavitch-Womens-Organization-Chassidic-Feminism.htm.
  • ———. “Menorahs and Mitzvah Tanks: Judaism in the Public Square - 1974”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/2619819/jewish/Menorahs-and-Mitzvah-Tanks-Judaism-in-the-Public-Square.htm.
  • ———. “Sunday Dollars: Empowering the Individual - 1986”. Erişim 27 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/2619822/jewish/Sunday-Dollars-Empowering-the-Individual.htm.
  • ———. “Toil of the Mind and Heart - Diachronic Perspectives on the Leadership and Oral Teachings of Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi”. Erişim 25 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2853849/jewish/Toil-of-the-Mind-and-Heart.htm.
  • Rubin, Mordechai. “From Lubavitch to Shanghai: The History of Tomchei Temimim in 11 Images - Revisiting the Formative Decades of the Famous Chabad Yeshivah 120 Years Since Its Establishment”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=3771094.
  • ———. “Timeline - The Life and Times of the Tzemach Tzedek (1789-1866)”. Erişim 20 Mayıs 2019. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3285481/jewish/Timeline.htm.
  • Schneersohn, Yosef Yitzchak. “Likkutei Dibburim- 5-”. Erişim 26 Nisan 2022. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2718142/jewish/Likkutei-Dibburim-Volume-5.htm.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Fatih Memiç 0000-0002-0932-3274

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date April 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Memiç, Fatih. “Habad-Lubaviç Hasidiliğinin Ortaya Çıkışı Ve Küresel Bir Harekete Dönüşümü”. Milel ve Nihal 19/2 (December 2022), 187-223. https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1111275.