From Prestige to Identification: The Mediating Role of Social Role Identity and Organizational Spirituality

Abstract

This study delves into the relationship between social role identity and organizational spirituality. Additionally, it aims to comprehend the impact of this connection, as educators perceive, on the association between institutional prestige and identification. 526 educators working in Izmir-Turkiye's public and private secondary schools were selected using a stratified sample. Information on organizational prestige, institutional identification, social role identity, and organizational spirituality was collected. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating influence of organizational spirituality and social role identity on the relationship between institutional prestige and identification. The findings indicate that institutional prestige affects institutional identification directly and indirectly. The combination of social role identity and organizational spirituality has been proven to be an effective method for enhancing teachers' identification levels. Teachers' evaluations confirmed a mediating relationship between social role identity and organizational spirituality in the relationship between institutional prestige and identification. Educators generally saw the mediating effects of social role identity and organizational spirituality as potent tools for fostering their identification with their institutions. This underscores the significance of acknowledging the interplay between social roles and spirituality in promoting a sense of belonging within educational organizations.

Keywords

• organizational prestige
• social role identity
• organizational identification
• organizational spirituality
• structural equation modeling

Saygınlıktan Özdeşleşmeye: Sosyal Rol Kimliği ve Örgütsel Tinselliğin Aracılık Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sosyal rol kimliği ile örgütsel tinsellik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Ayrıca bu bağlantının, eğitimcilerin algıladığı şekliyle, örgütsel saygınlık ve özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişki üzerindeki etkisini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. İzmir-Türkiye'deki kamu ve özel ortaöğretim okullarında çalışan 526 eğitimci, tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Örgütsel saygınlık, örgütsel özdeşleşme, sosyal rol kimliği ve örgütsel tinsellik ile ilgili bilgiler toplanmıştır. Örgütsel saygınlık ve özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel tinsellik ve sosyal rol kimliğinin aracılık etkisini değerlendirmek için yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, örgütsel saygınlığın, örgütsel özdeşleşmeyi doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkilediğini göstermektedir. Sosyal rol kimliği ve örgütsel tinselliğin birleşimi, öğretmenlerin özdeşleşme düzeylerini artırmada etkili bir yöntem olarak kanıtlanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin değerlendirmeleri, örgütsel saygınlık ile özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide sosyal rol kimliği ve örgütsel tinselliğin arasında aracılık ilişkisini doğrulamıştır. Eğitimciler, genel olarak, sosyal rol kimliği ve örgütsel tinselliğin aracılık etkilerini, örgütleri ile özdeşleşmelerini geliştiren güçlü araçlar olarak görmüşlerdir. Bu durum, eğitim kurumlarında aidiyet duygusunu teşvik etmede sosyal roller ile tinsellik arasındaki etkileşimin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• örgütsel saygınlık
• sosyal rol kimliği
• örgütsel özdeşleşme
• örgütsel tinsellik
• yapısal eşitlik modellemesi

References

1. Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1988). Comments on the motivational status of self‐prestige in social identity and Intergroup discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(4), 317–334.
2. Alford, H. J., & Naughton, M. (2001). Managing as if faith mattered: Christian social principles in the modern organization. Uniandrsity of Notre Dame Press.
3. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. The Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20–39.
4. Balcı, A. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma. Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
5. Bamber, E. M., & Iyer, V. M. (2002). Big 5 auditors’ professional and organizational identification: Consistency or conflict? Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 21(2), 21–38.
6. Bartels, J., Pruyn, A., Jong, M., & Joustra, I. (2007). Multiple organizational identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 28(2), 173–190.
7. Bekiş, T. (2013). İş yeri maneviyatının iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi üzerine bir araştırma [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Niğde Üniversitesi.
8. Bergami, M., & Bagozzi, P. R. (2000). Self-categorization and commitment are distinct aspects of the organization’s social identity. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(4), 555–577.

9. Boone, M., Fite, K., & Reardon, R. F. (2010). The spiritual dispositions of emerging teachers: A preliminary study. Journal of Thought, 45(3-4), 43-58.
10. Bhattacharya, C. B., Rao, H., ve Glynn, M. A. (1995). Understanding the bond of ıdentification: An ınvestigation of ıts correlates among art museum members. Journal of Marketing, 59(4), 46–57. https://doi. org/10.2307/1252327
11. Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this” we”? Levels of collective identity and self-representation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(1), 83-93 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83
12. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd Ed.). Routledge Academy.
13. Carmeli, A. (2005). Perceived external prestige, affective commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Organization Studies, 26(3), 443–464.
14. Carmeli, A., Gilat, G., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Perceived external prestige, organizational identification and affective commitment: A stakeholder approach. Corporate Reputation Review, 9(2), 92–104.
15. Conger, J. A. (1994). Spirit at work: Discovering the spirituality in leadership. Jossey-Bas. Press.
16. Chakraborty, S. K., Kurien, V., Singh, J., Athreya, M., Maira, A., Aga, A., Gupta, A.K., & Khandwalla, P. N. (2004). Management paradigms beyond profit maximization. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 29(3), 97-117.
17. Cheney, G. (1983). The rhetoric of identification and the study of organizational communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 69(2), 143–158.
18. Çınar, E. (2018). Örgütsel itibarın örgütsel özdeşleşmeye etkisinde benlik saygısı ve sosyal rol kimliğinin düzenleyici rolü [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Başkent Üniversitesi.
19. Danish, R. Q., Saeed, I., Mehreen, S., Aslam, N., & Shahid, A. U. (2014). Spirit at work and employee engagement in the banking sector of Pakistan. The Journal of Commerce, 6(4), 22–31.
20. Dinçel, G. (2012). Kurumsal itibar ile örgütsel kıvanç, duygusal bağlılık ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi bir araştırma [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Kocaeli Üniversitesi.
21. Duchon, D. & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance, The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-833.
22. Dukerich, J. M., Golden, B. R., & Shortell, S. M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The ımpact of organizational ıdentification, ıdentity, and ımage on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(3), 507–533. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094849
23. Dutton, J. E., & Dukerich, J. M. (1991). Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and identity in organizational adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 517–554.
24. Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239–263.
25. Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward A humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. Journal Of Humanistic Psychology, 28(4), 5-18.
26. Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (1999). Self-categorization, commitment to the group, and group self-prestige as related but distinct aspects of social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 371-389.
27. Fisher, R. J., & Wakefield, K. (1998). Factors leading to group identification: A field study of winners and losers. Psychology and Marketing, 15(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199801)15:1<23::AIDMAR3> 3.0.CO;2-P
28. Forsythe, G. L. (2016). Spirituality and job satisfaction: A correlational study of elementary school teachers [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of La Verne.
29. Fuller, J. B., Marler, L. E., & Hester, K. (2006). Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: Exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(8), 1089–1120.
30. Fuller, J. B., Hester, K., Barnett, T., Beu, D., Frey, L., & Relyea, C. (2009). Extending the group engagement model: An examination of the Interactive effects of prestige, respect, and employee role identity. Journal of Managerial Issues, 21(1), 119–139.
31. Fry, L. W., & Nisiewicz, M. S. (2020). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Stanford University Press.
32. Gangadharan, A. (2014). Can I smile with spirit: Towards a process model associating workplace spirituality and emotional labor [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas.
33. Gautam, T., Van Dick, R., & Wagner, U. (2004). Organizational identification and organizational commitment : Distinct aspects of two related concepts Thaneswor Gautam Rolf Van Dick. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2004.00150.x
34. Garcia‐Zamor, J. C. (2003). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 63(3), 355-363.
35. Gouldner, A. W. (1957). Cosmopolitans and locals: Toward an analysis of latent social roles I. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(3), 281–306.
36. Hatipoğlu, G. (2022). Örgütsel saygınlık ile örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide sosyal rol kimliğinin ve örgütsel tinselliğin aracı rolü [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi.
37. Herrbach, O. (2006). A matter of feeling? The affective tone of organizational commitment and identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(5), 629–643.
38. Iverson, R. D., Mueller, C. W., & Price, J. L. (2004). Revisiting the cosmopolitanlocal construct: An event history analysis of employee turnover. Innovative Theory and Empirical Research on Employee Turnover, 55–72.
39. İşcan, Ö. F. (2016). Dönüştürücü/etkileşimci liderlik algısı ve örgütsel özdeşleşme ilişkisinde bireysel farklılıkların rolü. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 11(1), 160–177.
40. Jaichitra, D., & Srinivasan, P. (2017). Spirit at work and its relationship with organisational commitment, individual productivity and in-role performance. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 9 (7), 85-89.
41. Joshi, P., & Jain, A. (2016). What makes a workplace spiritual: A conceptual framework describing antecedents and outcomes of workplace spirituality spiritual: A conceptual framework describing antecedents and outcomes of workplace spirituality. Journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality, 9(1), 98-105.
42. Kabacoff, R. I. (2011). Principal components and factor analysis. R in Action.
43. Karabey, C. N. & İşcan, Ö. F. (2007). Örgütsel özdeşleşme, örgütsel imaj ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ilişkisi: Bir uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 231-241.
44. Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (24. baskı.). Nobel Yayıncılık.
45. Kinjerski, V. M., & Skrypnek, B. (2006). Measuring the intangible: Development of the spirit at work scale. The Sixty-Fifth Annual Meeting of The Academy of Management, Atlanta: The Academy of Management, 1–16.
46. Kumar, V., & Kumar, S. (2015). Workplace spirituality: A strategic tool in organizational development. International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 5(4), 278-282.
47. Klenke, K. (2005). Introducing spirituality. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1108/Eb028994
48. Kline, R. B., (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
49. Krishnakumar, S., & Neck, C.P. (2002). The “what”, “why” and “how” of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(3),153-164. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210423060
50. Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/ job.4030130202
51. Mael, F. A., & Ashforth, B. E. (1995). Loyal from day one: Biodata, organizational identification, and turnover among newcomers. Personnel Psychology, 48(2), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01759.x
52. Mignonac, K., Herrbach, O., & Guerrero, S. (2006). The interactive effects of perceived external prestige and need for organizational identification on turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 477–493.
53. Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A Study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Management Review, 40, 83–91. http://strandtheory.org/images/ Spirituality_in_the_workplace-Mitroff_Denton.pdf
54. Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta‐analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775-802.
55. O’Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
56. Paloutzian, R. F., Emmons, R. A., & Keortge, S. G. (2015). Spiritual well-being, spiritual intelligence, and healthy workplace policy. In Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Eds.), Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance (2nd Ed.), 73-86. Routledge.
57. Petchsawanga, P., & Duchon, D. (2009). Measuring workplace spirituality in an asian context. Human Resource Development International, 12(4), 459- 468. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860903135912
58. Pratt, M. G. (1998). Central questions in organizational identification. Identity in Organizations, 24(3), 171–207.
59. Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jvb.2004.05.005
60. Shamir, B. (1991). Meaning, self, and motivation in organizations. Organization Studies, 12(3), 405-424.
61. Smidts, A., Pruyn, A. T. H., & Van Riel, C. B. (2001). The Impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 1051–1062.
62. Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224–237.
63. Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2014). Self-prestige and identities. Sociological Perspectives, 57(4), 409–433.
64. Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 284-297.
65. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
66. Tak, B. ve Aydemir, B. A. (2004). Örgütsel özdeşleşme üzerine iki görgül çalışma, 12. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 59-63.
67. Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2003). The group engagement model: Procedural justice, social identity, and cooperative behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(4), 349–361.
68. Ünal, Z. M. & Turgut, T. (2015). Örgüt kültürünün iş yerinde maneviyat üzerindeki katkısı. 3.Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı (s. 86- 90) 6-7 Kasım 2015, Tokat, Türkiye.
69. Van Dick, R., & Wagner, U. (2002). Social identification among school teachers: Dimensions, foci, and correlates. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11(2), 129–149.
70. Van Knippenberg, D., & Van Schie, E. C. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 137–147.
71. Van Knippenberg, D., & Sleebos, E. (2006). Organizational identification versus organizational commitment: Self-definition, social exchange, and job attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(5), 571–584. https:// doi.org/10.1002/job.359
72. Whetten, D. A., & Mackey, A. (2002). A social actor conception of organizational identity and its implications for the study of organizational reputation. Business ve Society, 41(4), 393–414. https://doi. org/10.1177/0007650302238775
73. Zebrowitz, L. A. (2006). Finally, faces find favor. Social Cognition, 24(5), 657- 701.