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AN OVERVİEW OF SOUTH KOREA’S K-12 EDUCATİON DURİNG COVID-19 PANDEMİC

Year 2020, SALGIN SÜRECİNDE TÜRKİYE'DE VE DÜNYADA EĞİTİM, 1033 - 1058, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.757775

Abstract

Although the human history witnessed many previous epidemic diseases, the world was still unprepared for this COVID-19 pandemic. During this pandemic, in parallel to the suggestions of Korea Center for Disease Control unit, South Korean government initially delayed schools’ start date and then began the new semester online. The government has decided starting offline education gradually by mid-May. While the government has been fighting against COVID-19, it has also been supporting teachers, students, school managers and families for online lectures. As being a new mode of instruction, sudden move to online lectures have been offering its own challenges. Therefore, the researchers implemented qualitative content analysis method in cooperation with archival research technique to portray K-12 education in South Korea during COVID-19 times from initial online education practices to reopening schools phases. The analysis results were grouped under five categories; (i) emergency policies employed, (ii) government guidelines including instructional strategies and student evaluation methods for teachers to implement online learning, (iii) hardware and software preparation for online learning, (iv) teachers’ competence enhancement for online learning, and (v) efforts to return to offline education.

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

None

Thanks

None

References

  • BORDENS, K.S. & Abbott, B. B. (2008). Research design and methods: A process approach (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • COVID-19 speeds up revolution in education (2020, June 10). Herald Interview. Retrieved from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200609000954&ACE_SEARCH=1
  • FRAENKEL, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
  • IM S. (2020, March 30). 경기도교육청, 교사 온라인 수업 '직무연수' 실시 [Gyeonggi-do Office of Education Implemented Teacher Training for Online Courses]. News Free Zone. Retrieved from http://www.newsfreezone.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=224762
  • KIM, S. Y. (2020, April 20). (2nd LD) More elementary students resume classes online amid pandemic. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200417006352315
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020a). 코로나19 대응을 위한 2020년 추가경정예산 확정 [Confirmation of Additional Budget for the year of 2020 as response to COVID-19]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80050&lev=0&searchType=S&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=0204&opType=
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020b). 코로나19 대응을 위한 추가경정예산 확정, 예방수칙과 함께 알아볼까요? [Shall we look at the additional corrective budget to respond to Corona 19, along with preventive measures?] Blog Post. Retrieved from https://blog.naver.com/moeblog/221880994833
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020c). 체계적인 원격수업을 위한 운영 기준안 마련 [Operation Standards for Systematic Online Courses]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://blog.naver.com/moeblog/221875590767
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020d). 코로나-19 대응을 위한 원격수업 출결‧평가‧기록 가이드라인 [Guidelines for attendance, evaluation and recording in online classes as response to Corona-19]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80225&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=020402&opType=N
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020e). ‘학교온(On)’이 온라인 학급방 운영 비법을 알려드립니다 [‘School-On’ tells you how to operate the online classroom]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80003&lev=0&searchType=S&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=0204&opType=
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2020f, April 9). 원격 수업으로 활용할 수 있는 플랫폼 7종을 비교해보았습니다 [We compared 7 types of platforms that can be used for distance classes]. Public Relations Material. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=340&boardSeq=80260&lev=0&searchType=S&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=0202&opType=
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2020g, May 24). 5월 27일 1단계 등교수업 개시에 앞서 학교 내 밀집도 최소화 조치 및 교원 업무 부담 경감 방안 마련 [Measures to minimize the degree of student density in schools and to reduce the burden on teachers' work as the first step of moving offline education on May 27]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80688&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=020402&opType=N
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2020h, June). Responding to COVID-19: Online classes in Korea Report. Retrieved from http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_22747/view.do?seq=15.
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020i). Education in Korea 2019 Report. Retrieved from http://english.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=282&boardSeq=80325&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=english&m=0303&opType=N
  • MOE DECIDES TO POSTPONE THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR (2020, March 17). Press Release of Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/fileDown.do?m=0301&s=english&fileSeq=32f175b233273170ec2a381e36c9d518
  • MORE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SET TO RESUME CLASSES ONLINE AMID PANDEMIC (2020, April 20). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200417006300315?section=print
  • ONLINE CLASS (2020). 위두랑을 활용한 온라인 학습 Part 1 [Online Learning Using Wedorang] [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyqEjNroEnE.
  • PEW RESEARCH CENTER. (2019). Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidly-around-the-world-but-not-always-equally/
  • POPULATION CENSUS (2019, 29 August). 2018 Population and Housing Census. Retrieved from http://kostat.go.kr/assist/synap/preview/skin/doc.html?fn=synapview378503_1&rs=/assist/synap/preview
  • SARAH, K., Nam, Y. S., & Jeon M. H. (2020, April 16). More students start online learning, errors ensue. Korea Joongang Daily News Agency. Retrieved from https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/04/16/socialAffairs/More-students-start-online-learning-errors-ensue/3076163.html
  • SCHOOLS REOPEN FOR HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS AMID LINGERING VIRUS FEARS (2020, May 20). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200520001100315
  • SOUTH KOREA SHIFTS TO 'DISTANCING IN DAILY LIFE' (2020, May 06). KBS (Korean Broadcasting System). Retrieved from http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=153204
  • STATISTA. (2019). Internet usage rate in South Korea from 2000 to 2019. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/226712/internet-penetration-in-south-korea-since-2000/.
  • THE GOVERNMENT WILL PROVIDE SAFE AND SOLID EMERGENCY CHILDCARE PROGRAM (2020, February 28). Press Release of Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/fileDown.do?m=0301&s=english&fileSeq=11953a30de8bcc3f137b6759d6c1649d
  • THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR BEGINS WITH ONLINE CLASSES (2020, March 31). Press Release of Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/fileDown.do?m=0301&s=english&fileSeq=3afed8f974c75ee5b1c07af6630e1207
  • UPDATES ON COVID-19 IN REPUBLIC OF KOREA (2020, June 12). Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030
  • YIN, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (applied social research methods) (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

COVID-19 SALGINI SIRASINDA GÜNEY KORE'NİN K-12 EĞİTİMİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Year 2020, SALGIN SÜRECİNDE TÜRKİYE'DE VE DÜNYADA EĞİTİM, 1033 - 1058, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.757775

Abstract

İnsanlık tarihi birçok salgın hastalığa tanık olmasına rağmen, dünya hala COVID-19 salgını için hazırlıklı değildi. Bu salgın sırasında, Kore Hastalık Kontrol Birimi'nin önerilerine paralel olarak, Güney Kore hükümeti başlangıçta okulların açılma tarihini erteledi ve ardından yeni dönemi çevrimiçi eğitim ile başlattı. Güney Kore hükümeti, çevrimdışı eğitime Mayıs ortasına kadar kademeli olarak başlamaya karar verdi. Güney Kore hükümeti COVID-19'a karşı savaşırken, çevrimiçi derslerin sürdürülebilmesi için öğretmenler, öğrenciler, okul yöneticileri ve aileler de bu süreci desteklemektedir. Yeni bir öğretim şekli olarak çevrimiçi derslere doğru yapılan bu ani geçiş doğal olarak kendi zorluklarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu nedenle bu makalenin araştırmacıları, Güney Kore’nin COVID-19 salgını sürecindeki K-12 eğitimini ilk çevrimiçi eğitim uygulamalarından yeniden fiziksel okullara geçiş aşamalarına kadar geçilen süreçleri tanımlamak ve izah etmek amacıyla arşiv araştırma tekniği ile işbirliği içinde nitel içerik analizi yöntemini bu çalışma içerisinde kullanmışlardır. Analiz sonuçları beş kategori altında toplanabilmektedir; (i) uygulanan acil durum politikaları, (ii) öğretmenlerin çevrimiçi öğrenmeyi uygulamalarına yönelik öğretim stratejileri ve öğrenci değerlendirme yöntemlerini içeren hükümet yönergeleri, (iii) çevrimiçi öğrenime yönelik donanım ve yazılım hazırlıkları, (iv) öğretmenlerin çevrimiçi öğrenmede yeterliliklerini artırma ve (v) çevrimdışı eğitime dönme çabaları.

Project Number

None

References

  • BORDENS, K.S. & Abbott, B. B. (2008). Research design and methods: A process approach (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • COVID-19 speeds up revolution in education (2020, June 10). Herald Interview. Retrieved from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200609000954&ACE_SEARCH=1
  • FRAENKEL, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
  • IM S. (2020, March 30). 경기도교육청, 교사 온라인 수업 '직무연수' 실시 [Gyeonggi-do Office of Education Implemented Teacher Training for Online Courses]. News Free Zone. Retrieved from http://www.newsfreezone.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=224762
  • KIM, S. Y. (2020, April 20). (2nd LD) More elementary students resume classes online amid pandemic. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200417006352315
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020a). 코로나19 대응을 위한 2020년 추가경정예산 확정 [Confirmation of Additional Budget for the year of 2020 as response to COVID-19]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80050&lev=0&searchType=S&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=0204&opType=
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020b). 코로나19 대응을 위한 추가경정예산 확정, 예방수칙과 함께 알아볼까요? [Shall we look at the additional corrective budget to respond to Corona 19, along with preventive measures?] Blog Post. Retrieved from https://blog.naver.com/moeblog/221880994833
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020c). 체계적인 원격수업을 위한 운영 기준안 마련 [Operation Standards for Systematic Online Courses]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://blog.naver.com/moeblog/221875590767
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020d). 코로나-19 대응을 위한 원격수업 출결‧평가‧기록 가이드라인 [Guidelines for attendance, evaluation and recording in online classes as response to Corona-19]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80225&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=020402&opType=N
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020e). ‘학교온(On)’이 온라인 학급방 운영 비법을 알려드립니다 [‘School-On’ tells you how to operate the online classroom]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80003&lev=0&searchType=S&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=0204&opType=
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2020f, April 9). 원격 수업으로 활용할 수 있는 플랫폼 7종을 비교해보았습니다 [We compared 7 types of platforms that can be used for distance classes]. Public Relations Material. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=340&boardSeq=80260&lev=0&searchType=S&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=0202&opType=
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2020g, May 24). 5월 27일 1단계 등교수업 개시에 앞서 학교 내 밀집도 최소화 조치 및 교원 업무 부담 경감 방안 마련 [Measures to minimize the degree of student density in schools and to reduce the burden on teachers' work as the first step of moving offline education on May 27]. Press Release. Retrieved from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=294&boardSeq=80688&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=020402&opType=N
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2020h, June). Responding to COVID-19: Online classes in Korea Report. Retrieved from http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_22747/view.do?seq=15.
  • MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. (2020i). Education in Korea 2019 Report. Retrieved from http://english.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=282&boardSeq=80325&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=english&m=0303&opType=N
  • MOE DECIDES TO POSTPONE THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR (2020, March 17). Press Release of Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/fileDown.do?m=0301&s=english&fileSeq=32f175b233273170ec2a381e36c9d518
  • MORE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SET TO RESUME CLASSES ONLINE AMID PANDEMIC (2020, April 20). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200417006300315?section=print
  • ONLINE CLASS (2020). 위두랑을 활용한 온라인 학습 Part 1 [Online Learning Using Wedorang] [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyqEjNroEnE.
  • PEW RESEARCH CENTER. (2019). Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidly-around-the-world-but-not-always-equally/
  • POPULATION CENSUS (2019, 29 August). 2018 Population and Housing Census. Retrieved from http://kostat.go.kr/assist/synap/preview/skin/doc.html?fn=synapview378503_1&rs=/assist/synap/preview
  • SARAH, K., Nam, Y. S., & Jeon M. H. (2020, April 16). More students start online learning, errors ensue. Korea Joongang Daily News Agency. Retrieved from https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/04/16/socialAffairs/More-students-start-online-learning-errors-ensue/3076163.html
  • SCHOOLS REOPEN FOR HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS AMID LINGERING VIRUS FEARS (2020, May 20). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200520001100315
  • SOUTH KOREA SHIFTS TO 'DISTANCING IN DAILY LIFE' (2020, May 06). KBS (Korean Broadcasting System). Retrieved from http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=153204
  • STATISTA. (2019). Internet usage rate in South Korea from 2000 to 2019. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/226712/internet-penetration-in-south-korea-since-2000/.
  • THE GOVERNMENT WILL PROVIDE SAFE AND SOLID EMERGENCY CHILDCARE PROGRAM (2020, February 28). Press Release of Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/fileDown.do?m=0301&s=english&fileSeq=11953a30de8bcc3f137b6759d6c1649d
  • THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR BEGINS WITH ONLINE CLASSES (2020, March 31). Press Release of Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/fileDown.do?m=0301&s=english&fileSeq=3afed8f974c75ee5b1c07af6630e1207
  • UPDATES ON COVID-19 IN REPUBLIC OF KOREA (2020, June 12). Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030
  • YIN, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (applied social research methods) (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hasan Tınmaz 0000-0003-4310-0848

Yunus Emre Ozturk 0000-0001-5109-5378

Project Number None
Publication Date December 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 SALGIN SÜRECİNDE TÜRKİYE'DE VE DÜNYADA EĞİTİM

Cite

APA Tınmaz, H., & Ozturk, Y. E. (2020). AN OVERVİEW OF SOUTH KOREA’S K-12 EDUCATİON DURİNG COVID-19 PANDEMİC. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 1033-1058. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.757775