MOTIVATIONS FOR CINEMA GOING AND MOVIE VIEWING ATTITUDES: A STUDY ON THE AUDIENCE LIVING IN BISHKEK (KYRGYZSTAN)

Abstract

Cinema is not a phenomenon belonging to the field of pure aesthetics. The related literature shows that cinema has effect on perceptions, attitudes and values, and is considered to be sociocultural and ethical-political phenomenon. In this context, cinema comes across both with its film analysis giving competence from the aesthetic and artistic point of view, and in the literature of cultural political studies, psychoanalytic analysis and audience-focused cultural studies. Cultural studies as an interdisciplinary field focus on psychological and sociological analysis of visual culture in cinema context. And going ahead from the question of “why the audience watches?” cultural studies try to interpret the psycho-social needs and the cultural structure of the society. Both motivation for movie-going and film viewing attitudes emphasize the psycho-social and socio-cultural dimensions of the relationship between the film and the audience. Going to cinema and viewing movies are individual experiences realized by different purposes (escape, relaxation, information, entertainment, self-presentation, socialization etc.) and different media (friend environment, television, internet, print media, new media etc.). This paper aims to study the motivation for cinema-going and movie-viewing attitudes in Kyrgyzstan from the audience-oriented uses and gratifications approach. Questionnaire as a research scale was adapted from questionnaire developed by Yousry (2009) and Hassan et al., (2015). The data obtained from 301 respondents with different socio-demographic background living in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, were analysed by multivariate statistical methods.

Keywords

• Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Uses And Gratification Approach, Motivation For Movie

Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Sinema salt estetiğin alanına ait bir olgu değildir. Algılar, tutumlar ve değerler üzerindeki etkisi bağlamında da ele alınan sinema, sosyo-kültürel ve etiko-politik bir olgu olarak da incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda sinema, estetiksel ve sanatsal bakıştan hareketle yetkinlik kazanan film çözümlemelerinin yanı sıra ekonomi politik yaklaşım, psikanalitik çözümleme ve izleyici odaklı kültürel çalışmalar literatüründe de karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnterdisipliner bir alan olarak kültürel çalışmalar, sinema bağlamında görsel kültürün psikolojik ve sosyolojik çözümlemelerine odaklanarak; “izleyici neden izliyor?” sorusundan hareketle, izler kitlenin psiko-sosyal gereksinimlerini ve toplumun kültürel yapısını anlaşılır kılmaya çalışır. ‘Sinemaya gitme motivasyonu’ ve ‘film izleme tutumları’ da film ile izleyici arasındaki ilişkinin psikososyal ve sosyo-kültürel boyutlarına vurgu yapmaktadır. Sinemaya gitme ve film izleme bireylerin farklı amaçlarla (kaçış, rahatlama, bilgi edinme, eğlenme, benlik sunumu, sosyalleşme vb.) ve farklı aracılarla (arkadaş çevresi, televizyon, internet, basılı medya, yeni medya vb.) gerçekleştirdikleri bir deneyimdir. Bu çalışmada, izleyici odaklı ‘Kullanımlar Doyumlar Yaklaşımından’ hareketle Kırgızistan’da sinemaya gitme motivasyonlarının ve film izleme oluşturulmasında Yousry (2009); Hassan vd. (2015) tarafından geliştirilen anket, araştırmanın hedeflerine göre uyarlanmıştır. Kırgızistan’ın başkenti Bişkek’te yaşayan farklı sosyodemografik özelliklere sahip 301 kişinin katıldığı araştırmadan elde edilen veriler çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemlerle çözümlenmiştir

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