The Falangism Propaganda Through Banners in Franco’s Spain

Abstract

Falangism ideology expresses ideas adopted by the Spanish nationalists struggling against Communism ideology. The ideology put forward by Spanish Falancing Party (FE) in 1933 became the official ideology of the country after Francisco Franco took over Spain in 1939. Franco aimed to build a new Spanish culture by embracing Falangism ideology to the Spanish society. For this purpose, Falangism ideology was tried to make dominant in Spain through mass media in the period from the foundation of the FE in 1933 to Franco’s death in 1975. In the study, the affiches which were used to adopt Falangism ideology in Spain were examined and it was aimed to reveal which discourses started to be dominated and what changes occurred in Spanish social and cultural life with the ideology. The findings of the study revealed that the idea of a single nation and a single country in Spanish culture was idealized, women were come into prominence in social and economic life and militarist discourses gained importance with Falangism ideology. Also Communism, Freemasonry and Jews were declared as enemies of Spanish society, it was argued that Spain was under threat and Falangists were brought to the fore as the savior of Spain in affiches.

Keywords

• Falangism
• Propaganda
• Ideology
• Spain
• Communism

Franco İspanya’sında Afişler Üzerinden Falanjizm Propagandası

Abstract

 Falanjizm ideolojisi, Komünizm ideolojisine karşı mücadele eden İspanyol milliyetçilerin benimsediği fikir akımını ifade etmektedir. İspanyol Falanjı Partisi (FE) tarafından 1933 yılında ortaya konan ideoloji, 1939 yılında Francisco Franco’nun İspanya yönetimini ele geçirmesinden sonra ülkenin resmi ideolojisi haline gelmiştir. Franco, Falanjizm ideolojisini İspanyol toplumuna benimseterek, yeni bir İspanyol kültürü inşa etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla 1933 yılında FE’nin kuruluşundan, 1975 yılında Franco’nun ölümüne kadarki süreçte kitle iletişim araçları yoluyla Falanjizm ideolojisinin İspanya’da hâkim kılınması için çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada İspanya’da Falanjizm ideolojisinin benimsetilmesi amacıyla kullanılan afişler incelenmiş, ideolojiyle birlikte İspanyol toplumsal ve kültürel hayatında hangi söylemlerin hâkim kılınmaya başlandığının ve hangi değişimlerin yaşandığının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ele edilen bulgularda, Falanjizm ideolojisiyle birlikte İspanyol kültüründe tek ulus ve tek vatan düşüncesinin idealleştirildiği, kadınların toplumsal ve ekonomik hayatta ön plana çıkarıldığı, militarist söylemlerinin ağırlık kazandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca afişlerde Komünizm, Masonluk ve Yahudiler, İspanyol toplumunun düşmanı olarak ilan edilmiş, İspanya’nın tehlike altında olduğu savunulmuş, bu aşamada da Falanjistler İspanya’nın kurtarıcısı olarak ön plana çıkarılmıştır.

Keywords

• Falanjizm
• Propaganda
• İdeoloji
• İspanya
• Komünizm

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