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MOTIVATIONS FOR CINEMA GOING AND MOVIE VIEWING ATTITUDES: A STUDY ON THE AUDIENCE LIVING IN BISHKEK (KYRGYZSTAN)

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 587 - 604, 01.10.2017

Abstract

Cinema is not a phenomenon belonging to the field of pure aesthetics. The related literature
shows that cinema has effect on perceptions, attitudes and values, and is considered to be sociocultural
and ethical-political phenomenon. In this context, cinema comes across both with its
film analysis giving competence from the aesthetic and artistic point of view, and in the
literature of cultural political studies, psychoanalytic analysis and audience-focused cultural
studies. Cultural studies as an interdisciplinary field focus on psychological and sociological analysis of visual culture in cinema context. And going ahead from the question of “why the
audience watches?” cultural studies try to interpret the psycho-social needs and the cultural
structure of the society. Both motivation for movie-going and film viewing attitudes emphasize
the psycho-social and socio-cultural dimensions of the relationship between the film and the
audience. Going to cinema and viewing movies are individual experiences realized by different
purposes (escape, relaxation, information, entertainment, self-presentation, socialization etc.)
and different media (friend environment, television, internet, print media, new media etc.). This
paper aims to study the motivation for cinema-going and movie-viewing attitudes in Kyrgyzstan
from the audience-oriented uses and gratifications approach. Questionnaire as a research scale
was adapted from questionnaire developed by Yousry (2009) and Hassan et al., (2015). The
data obtained from 301 respondents with different socio-demographic background living in
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, were analysed by multivariate statistical methods.

References

  • Berelson, B. (1949). What missing the newspaper means. In P. F. Lazarsfeld & F. M. Stanton(Eds.), Communications research, 1948–1949 (pp. 111–129). New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
  • Bourgatte, M. (2009). Ce que fait la pratique au spectateur. Enquêtes dans des salles de cinéma Art et Essai de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Thèse de doctorat en : Science de l’Information et de la communication. Université d’Avignon et Des Pays De Vaucluse Ecole Doctorale 483 Sciences Sociales.
  • Casetti, F. (2015). The Lumiere galaxy. Seven key words for the cinema to come.New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Corrigan, T. &White, P. (2012). The film experience. An introduction. (3th ed.). Boston&New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik. SPSS ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Erdoğan, İ. ve Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki Kuram. Kitle İletişim Kuram ve Araştırmalarının Tarihsel ve Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi. (2. Baskı). Ankara: Erk Yayınları.
  • Haller, A. (2012). Female cinemagoing in Imperial Germany. In Cinema: 1911-1918. Audiences and Modernity: New Perspectives on European Cinema History.Daniel Biltereyst, Richard Maltby and Philippe Meers (eds)., pp.130-131. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Hall, S. (1980). Cultural Studies and the Centre: Some Problematics and Problemes. (Eds.Stuard Hall, Dorothy Hobson, Andrew Lowe and Paul Willis), In Culture, Media, Language. Routledge: London.
  • Hall, S.& Evans, J. (1999). Visual Culture: The Reader. London: Sage Publications.
  • Halloran, J. (1970). The Effects of Television. London: Panther.
  • Herzog, H. (1944). What do we really know about daytime serial listeners? In P. F. Lazarsfeld& F. N.Stanson (Eds.), Radio research, 1942–1943 (pp. 3–33). New York, NY: Duell, Sloan, & Pearce.
  • Hassan, D., Abdullah, N., Zainodin, H.J., &Salleh, S. (2015a). Motivation and Medium of Information Affecting Film Viewing in Malaysia.Handbook on the Emerging Trends in Scientific Research. Volume 3, pp. 112-115.
  • Hassan, D., Abdullah, N., Zainodin, H.J., &Salleh, S. (2015b). Motivation and Medium of Information Affecting Behavioural Patterns of Film Viewers in Malaysia. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 3(3), pp.121-133.
  • Hasrul & Jamaluddin (2014). Filem Dan Revolusi Teknologi: Persepsi Penggunaan Cgi Dari Aspek Estetik & Kreativiti. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian, Journal of Communication. 30: 95-106.
  • Herwina ve Zarith (2012). Film Business in Malaysia: Challenges and Opportunities. International. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(12).
  • Hoa, P. H., Truc, V. T. T., & Khuong, M. N. (2015). Film-Induced Tourism. Factors Affecting Vietnamese Intention to Visit Korea. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 565-570. DOI: 10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.247.
  • Jensen, K. B. (2002). A Handbook of Media and Communication Research. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Kalaycı Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973–1974). Uses and gratifi cations research.Public Opinion Quarterly, 37 (4), 509–523
  • Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the use of the mass media for important things. American Sociological Review, 38 (2), 164–181.
  • Klapper, J. T. (1963). The social effects of mass communication. In W. Schramm (Ed.), Thescience of human communication (pp. 65–76). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia. (2015). Choice and preference in media use: advances in selective exposure theory. Routledge: New York.
  • McQuail, D., Blumler, J. G., and Brown, J. R. (1972) The Television Audience: A Revised Perspective, in D. McQuail (ed.) Sociology of Mass Communications, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's mass communication theory. London: Sage publications. National Statistical Committee http://stat.kg/en/statistics/obrazovanie/, 01.10.2017. of the Kyrgyz Republic. Available at:
  • Potter, W. James. (2014). Patterns in the Use of Theory in Media Effects Research. In The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory. Robert S. Fortner and P. Mark Fackler. (Eds.), Volum 1; Volume 2, pp.95-114.Wiley Blackwell. Oxford.
  • López-Sintas, J.; García-Álvarez, M. E. & Hernández-López, A. G. (2016). In and out of everyday life through film experiences: an analysis of two social spaces as leisure frames, Leisure Studies, Routledge.DOI: 10.1080/02614367.2016.1203351.
  • Pituch, K. A., & Stevens, J. P. (2016). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM's SPSS. (6th Edition). New York &London:Routledge.
  • Srivinas, L. (2002). The active audience: spectatorship, social relations and the experience of cinema in India. Media, Culture&Society.24(2), pp. 155-173.SAGE Publications, London.
  • Srivinas, L. (2005). Imaging the Audience. South Asian Popular Culture, 3:2, 101-116, DOI: 10.1080/14746680500234579.
  • Srivinas, L. (2009). Cinema in the City: Tangible Forms, Transformations and the Punctuation of Everyday Life, Visual Anthropology, 23:1, 1-12, DOI:10.1080/08949460903368879.
  • Srivinas, L. (2010). Cinema halls, locality and urban life.Ethnography. Vol 11(1): 189–205.DOI: 10.1177/1466138109355213.
  • Stehling, M., Finger, J. & Jorge, A. (2016). Comparative audience research A review of cross-national and cross-media audience studies. Participations. Journal of Audience & Reception Studies.Volume 13, issue 1, pp. 321-333.
  • Rosengren, K. E., Wenner, L. A., & Palmgreen P. (Eds.). (1985). Media gratifications research:Current perspectives . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Vandevelde, I., Meers, F., Van Bauwel, S. &Vande Winkel, S. (2015). Sharing the Silver Screen the Social Experience of Cinemagoing in the Indian Diaspora.Bioskope.6 (1), pp. 88-106. DOI: 10.1177/0974927615586932.
  • Yousry, Mustafa Mahmoud. (2009). Going to the Movies: An Investigation of Factors Influencing Egyptian http://offscreen.com/view/going_to_the_movies, 15.10.2017 Movies Choices. Available at:
  • Whitehouse-Hart, J. (2014). Psychosocial Explorations of Film and Television Viewing. Ordinary Audience. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 587 - 604, 01.10.2017

Abstract

Sinema salt estetiğin alanına ait bir olgu değildir. Algılar, tutumlar ve değerler üzerindeki etkisi bağlamında da ele alınan sinema, sosyo-kültürel ve etiko-politik bir olgu olarak da incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda sinema, estetiksel ve sanatsal bakıştan hareketle yetkinlik kazanan film çözümlemelerinin yanı sıra ekonomi politik yaklaşım, psikanalitik çözümleme ve izleyici odaklı kültürel çalışmalar literatüründe de karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnterdisipliner bir alan olarak kültürel çalışmalar, sinema bağlamında görsel kültürün psikolojik ve sosyolojik çözümlemelerine odaklanarak; “izleyici neden izliyor?” sorusundan hareketle, izler kitlenin psiko-sosyal gereksinimlerini ve toplumun kültürel yapısını anlaşılır kılmaya çalışır. ‘Sinemaya gitme motivasyonu’ ve ‘film izleme tutumları’ da film ile izleyici arasındaki ilişkinin psikososyal ve sosyo-kültürel boyutlarına vurgu yapmaktadır. Sinemaya gitme ve film izleme bireylerin farklı amaçlarla (kaçış, rahatlama, bilgi edinme, eğlenme, benlik sunumu, sosyalleşme vb.) ve farklı aracılarla (arkadaş çevresi, televizyon, internet, basılı medya, yeni medya vb.) gerçekleştirdikleri bir deneyimdir. Bu çalışmada, izleyici odaklı ‘Kullanımlar Doyumlar Yaklaşımından’ hareketle Kırgızistan’da sinemaya gitme motivasyonlarının ve film izleme oluşturulmasında Yousry (2009); Hassan vd. (2015) tarafından geliştirilen anket, araştırmanın hedeflerine göre uyarlanmıştır. Kırgızistan’ın başkenti Bişkek’te yaşayan farklı sosyodemografik özelliklere sahip 301 kişinin katıldığı araştırmadan elde edilen veriler çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemlerle çözümlenmiştir

References

  • Berelson, B. (1949). What missing the newspaper means. In P. F. Lazarsfeld & F. M. Stanton(Eds.), Communications research, 1948–1949 (pp. 111–129). New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
  • Bourgatte, M. (2009). Ce que fait la pratique au spectateur. Enquêtes dans des salles de cinéma Art et Essai de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Thèse de doctorat en : Science de l’Information et de la communication. Université d’Avignon et Des Pays De Vaucluse Ecole Doctorale 483 Sciences Sociales.
  • Casetti, F. (2015). The Lumiere galaxy. Seven key words for the cinema to come.New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Corrigan, T. &White, P. (2012). The film experience. An introduction. (3th ed.). Boston&New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik. SPSS ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Erdoğan, İ. ve Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki Kuram. Kitle İletişim Kuram ve Araştırmalarının Tarihsel ve Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi. (2. Baskı). Ankara: Erk Yayınları.
  • Haller, A. (2012). Female cinemagoing in Imperial Germany. In Cinema: 1911-1918. Audiences and Modernity: New Perspectives on European Cinema History.Daniel Biltereyst, Richard Maltby and Philippe Meers (eds)., pp.130-131. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Hall, S. (1980). Cultural Studies and the Centre: Some Problematics and Problemes. (Eds.Stuard Hall, Dorothy Hobson, Andrew Lowe and Paul Willis), In Culture, Media, Language. Routledge: London.
  • Hall, S.& Evans, J. (1999). Visual Culture: The Reader. London: Sage Publications.
  • Halloran, J. (1970). The Effects of Television. London: Panther.
  • Herzog, H. (1944). What do we really know about daytime serial listeners? In P. F. Lazarsfeld& F. N.Stanson (Eds.), Radio research, 1942–1943 (pp. 3–33). New York, NY: Duell, Sloan, & Pearce.
  • Hassan, D., Abdullah, N., Zainodin, H.J., &Salleh, S. (2015a). Motivation and Medium of Information Affecting Film Viewing in Malaysia.Handbook on the Emerging Trends in Scientific Research. Volume 3, pp. 112-115.
  • Hassan, D., Abdullah, N., Zainodin, H.J., &Salleh, S. (2015b). Motivation and Medium of Information Affecting Behavioural Patterns of Film Viewers in Malaysia. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 3(3), pp.121-133.
  • Hasrul & Jamaluddin (2014). Filem Dan Revolusi Teknologi: Persepsi Penggunaan Cgi Dari Aspek Estetik & Kreativiti. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian, Journal of Communication. 30: 95-106.
  • Herwina ve Zarith (2012). Film Business in Malaysia: Challenges and Opportunities. International. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(12).
  • Hoa, P. H., Truc, V. T. T., & Khuong, M. N. (2015). Film-Induced Tourism. Factors Affecting Vietnamese Intention to Visit Korea. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 565-570. DOI: 10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.247.
  • Jensen, K. B. (2002). A Handbook of Media and Communication Research. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Kalaycı Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973–1974). Uses and gratifi cations research.Public Opinion Quarterly, 37 (4), 509–523
  • Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the use of the mass media for important things. American Sociological Review, 38 (2), 164–181.
  • Klapper, J. T. (1963). The social effects of mass communication. In W. Schramm (Ed.), Thescience of human communication (pp. 65–76). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia. (2015). Choice and preference in media use: advances in selective exposure theory. Routledge: New York.
  • McQuail, D., Blumler, J. G., and Brown, J. R. (1972) The Television Audience: A Revised Perspective, in D. McQuail (ed.) Sociology of Mass Communications, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's mass communication theory. London: Sage publications. National Statistical Committee http://stat.kg/en/statistics/obrazovanie/, 01.10.2017. of the Kyrgyz Republic. Available at:
  • Potter, W. James. (2014). Patterns in the Use of Theory in Media Effects Research. In The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory. Robert S. Fortner and P. Mark Fackler. (Eds.), Volum 1; Volume 2, pp.95-114.Wiley Blackwell. Oxford.
  • López-Sintas, J.; García-Álvarez, M. E. & Hernández-López, A. G. (2016). In and out of everyday life through film experiences: an analysis of two social spaces as leisure frames, Leisure Studies, Routledge.DOI: 10.1080/02614367.2016.1203351.
  • Pituch, K. A., & Stevens, J. P. (2016). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM's SPSS. (6th Edition). New York &London:Routledge.
  • Srivinas, L. (2002). The active audience: spectatorship, social relations and the experience of cinema in India. Media, Culture&Society.24(2), pp. 155-173.SAGE Publications, London.
  • Srivinas, L. (2005). Imaging the Audience. South Asian Popular Culture, 3:2, 101-116, DOI: 10.1080/14746680500234579.
  • Srivinas, L. (2009). Cinema in the City: Tangible Forms, Transformations and the Punctuation of Everyday Life, Visual Anthropology, 23:1, 1-12, DOI:10.1080/08949460903368879.
  • Srivinas, L. (2010). Cinema halls, locality and urban life.Ethnography. Vol 11(1): 189–205.DOI: 10.1177/1466138109355213.
  • Stehling, M., Finger, J. & Jorge, A. (2016). Comparative audience research A review of cross-national and cross-media audience studies. Participations. Journal of Audience & Reception Studies.Volume 13, issue 1, pp. 321-333.
  • Rosengren, K. E., Wenner, L. A., & Palmgreen P. (Eds.). (1985). Media gratifications research:Current perspectives . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Vandevelde, I., Meers, F., Van Bauwel, S. &Vande Winkel, S. (2015). Sharing the Silver Screen the Social Experience of Cinemagoing in the Indian Diaspora.Bioskope.6 (1), pp. 88-106. DOI: 10.1177/0974927615586932.
  • Yousry, Mustafa Mahmoud. (2009). Going to the Movies: An Investigation of Factors Influencing Egyptian http://offscreen.com/view/going_to_the_movies, 15.10.2017 Movies Choices. Available at:
  • Whitehouse-Hart, J. (2014). Psychosocial Explorations of Film and Television Viewing. Ordinary Audience. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA87ES92TA
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kadir Yoğurtçu This is me

Gokce Yoğurtçu This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2017
Submission Date October 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yoğurtçu, K., & Yoğurtçu, G. (2017). Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(4), 587-604.
AMA Yoğurtçu K, Yoğurtçu G. Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma. MJSS. October 2017;6(4):587-604.
Chicago Yoğurtçu, Kadir, and Gokce Yoğurtçu. “Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları Ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6, no. 4 (October 2017): 587-604.
EndNote Yoğurtçu K, Yoğurtçu G (October 1, 2017) Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6 4 587–604.
IEEE K. Yoğurtçu and G. Yoğurtçu, “Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, MJSS, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 587–604, 2017.
ISNAD Yoğurtçu, Kadir - Yoğurtçu, Gokce. “Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları Ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6/4 (October 2017), 587-604.
JAMA Yoğurtçu K, Yoğurtçu G. Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma. MJSS. 2017;6:587–604.
MLA Yoğurtçu, Kadir and Gokce Yoğurtçu. “Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları Ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 4, 2017, pp. 587-04.
Vancouver Yoğurtçu K, Yoğurtçu G. Sinemaya Gitme Motivasyonları ve Film İzleme Tutumları: Kırgızistan’ın Başkenti Bişkek’te Yaşayan İzler Kitle Üzerine Bir Araştırma. MJSS. 2017;6(4):587-604.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies