Research Article
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The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2337 - 2348, 13.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.640929

Abstract

Social Exchange Theory (SET)
is one of the fundamental theories that has presented theoretical viewpoint in
the several disciplines such as anthropology, social psychology, and sociology.
It is known that the theory roots which early conceptualized by Thibault &
Kelley (1959), Homans (1961), Blau (1964) and Emerson (1962, 1972) base on back
to the 1920s (Malinowski, 1922). The main idea of exchange theory is to a
series of interactions that generate obligations (Emerson, 1976). At this
point, the findings from social exchange studies have many contributions and
benefits in order to understand workplace behaviors (Cropanzano & Mitchell,
2005). SET has been one of the main theories that provide a wide comprehension
upon exchange dynamics both at an interpersonal and organizational level.
Divided into two categories, namely social (SE) and economic (EE), exchange
relationships have seen to be related to many organizational outcomes,
including organizational commitment (OC), which can be defined as employees’
attitude towards their organization. The present study purposes to determine
the correlation between SET and sub-dimensions of OC (affective commitment and
continuance commitment). Data of the study has been obtained from 186 employees
who work in private sector in Turkey and analyzed through
Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences
. Results
indicated that Social Exchange is positively related with affective commitment and
continuance commitment, Economic Exchange was found to be negatively related
with affective commitment and positively correlated with continuance commitment. 

References

  • Blau, P. M. (1968). Social exchange. International encyclopedia of the social sciences, 7, 452-457. Citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513–563.
  • Cole, M., Schaninger, W. Jr., & Harris, S, (2002). The workplace social exchange network: A multilevel, conceptual examination. Group & Organization Management, 27(1), 142-168.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335-362.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1972). Exchange theory. In J. Berger, M. Zelditch, & B. Anderson (Eds.), Sociological theories in progress (Parts 1 & 2), 2, Boston: Houghton MifHin.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27, 31-41.
  • Ertürk, E. (2014). Sosyal mübadele teorisi bağlamında güç mesafesi ve örgütsel adalet algılamalarının örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları üzerindeki etkisi, (Doktora Tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
  • Foa, U. G., & Foa, E. B. (1980). Resource theory: Interpersonal behavior as exchange. In K. J. Gergen & M. S. Greenberg & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research. New York: Plenum.
  • Hackett, R. D., Farh, J., Song, L. J., & Lapierre, L. M. (2003). LMX and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Examining the Links within and Across Western and Chinese Samples. G. B. Graen (Ed.). Dealing with Diversity: A Volume in: LMX Leadership: The Series, (219-264). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publising.
  • Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., and Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 277–297.
  • Homans, G. (1961). Social Behaviour: Its Elementary Forms. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Köksal, O. (2012). Sosyal değişim teorisi çerçevesinde güven ve algılanan aidiyet durumunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve saldırgan davranışlar üzerine etkisi, (Doktora Tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
  • Liu, X., & Deng, J. (2011). Development of organizational commitment based on the social exchange theory. International Conference Management and Service Science (MASS), Thailand: Bangkok.
  • Lyons, S. T., Duxbury, L. E., & Higgins, C. A. (2006). A comparison of the values and commitment of private sector, public sector, and parapublic sector employees. Public Administration Review, 66 (4), 605– 618.
  • Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Maxwell, J. C. (1999). The 21 indispensable qualities of a leader: Becoming the person others will want to follow. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers.
  • Meyer J. P., Allen, N. J., and Smith, C. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538-551.
  • Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
  • Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(6), 710.
  • Molm, L. D. (2003). Theoretical comparisons of forms of exchange. Sociological Theory, 21, 1-17.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. Shore, L. M., & Wayne, S. J. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: Comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 774.
  • Shore, L. M., Bommer, W. H., Rao, A. N., & Seo, J. (2009). Social and economic exchange in the employee-organization relationship: The moderating role of reciprocation wariness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(8), 701-721.
  • Shore, L. M., Tetrick, L. E., Lynch, P., & Barksdale, K. (2006). Social and economic exchange: Construct development and validation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(4), 837-867.
  • Shore, L., Coyle-Shapiro, J., Chen, X., & Tetrick, L. (2009). Social exchange in work settings: Content, process, and mixed models. Management and Organization Review, 5(3), 289-302.
  • Shore, L.M., Tetrick, L.E., Lynch, P., & Barksdale, K. (2006). Social and economic exchange, construct development and validation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 837-67.
  • Song, J., Tsui, A. S., & Law, K. S. (2009). Unpacking employee responses to organizational exchange mechanisms: The role of social and economic exchange perceptions. Journal of Management, 35(1), 56- 93.
  • Thibault, J., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). Evaluation of the Dyad. The Social Psychology of Groups. New Brunswick, New Jersey, Transaction Publishers.
  • Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relationship: does investment in employees pay off? Academy of Management Journal, 40(5), 1089-1121.
  • Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L.W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relationship: Does investment in employees pay off? Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1089-1121.
  • Yiğit, İ. (2016). The effect of organizational commitment on the social exchange and organizational socialization: A study in research and practice hospital of Kocaeli University. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(12), 25-50.
  • Yu, M. C., Mai, Q., Tsai, S. B., & Dai, Y. (2018). An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 10(3), 864.
  • Zhu, Y. (2012). Social exchange relationship, economic exchange relationship, in-role behavior: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 8(8), 194-199.

The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2337 - 2348, 13.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.640929

Abstract

Social Exchange Theory (SET) is one of the fundamental theories that has presented theoretical viewpoint in the several disciplines such as anthropology, social psychology, and sociology. It is known that the theory roots which early conceptualized by Thibault & Kelley (1959), Homans (1961), Blau (1964) and Emerson (1962, 1972) base on back to the 1920s (Malinowski, 1922). The main idea of exchange theory is to a series of interactions that generate obligations (Emerson, 1976). At this point, the findings from social exchange studies have many contributions and benefits in order to understand workplace behaviors (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). SET has been one of the main theories that provide a wide comprehension upon exchange dynamics both at an interpersonal and organizational level. Divided into two categories, namely social (SE) and economic (EE), exchange relationships have seen to be related to many organizational outcomes, including organizational commitment (OC), which can be defined as employees’ attitude towards their organization. The present study purposes to determine the correlation between SET and sub-dimensions of OC (affective commitment and continuance commitment). Data of the study has been obtained from 186 employees who work in private sector in Turkey and analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results indicated that Social Exchange is positively related with affective commitment and continuance commitment, Economic Exchange was found to be negatively related with affective commitment and positively correlated with continuance commitment. 

References

  • Blau, P. M. (1968). Social exchange. International encyclopedia of the social sciences, 7, 452-457. Citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513–563.
  • Cole, M., Schaninger, W. Jr., & Harris, S, (2002). The workplace social exchange network: A multilevel, conceptual examination. Group & Organization Management, 27(1), 142-168.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335-362.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1972). Exchange theory. In J. Berger, M. Zelditch, & B. Anderson (Eds.), Sociological theories in progress (Parts 1 & 2), 2, Boston: Houghton MifHin.
  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27, 31-41.
  • Ertürk, E. (2014). Sosyal mübadele teorisi bağlamında güç mesafesi ve örgütsel adalet algılamalarının örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları üzerindeki etkisi, (Doktora Tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
  • Foa, U. G., & Foa, E. B. (1980). Resource theory: Interpersonal behavior as exchange. In K. J. Gergen & M. S. Greenberg & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research. New York: Plenum.
  • Hackett, R. D., Farh, J., Song, L. J., & Lapierre, L. M. (2003). LMX and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Examining the Links within and Across Western and Chinese Samples. G. B. Graen (Ed.). Dealing with Diversity: A Volume in: LMX Leadership: The Series, (219-264). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publising.
  • Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., and Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 277–297.
  • Homans, G. (1961). Social Behaviour: Its Elementary Forms. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Köksal, O. (2012). Sosyal değişim teorisi çerçevesinde güven ve algılanan aidiyet durumunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve saldırgan davranışlar üzerine etkisi, (Doktora Tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
  • Liu, X., & Deng, J. (2011). Development of organizational commitment based on the social exchange theory. International Conference Management and Service Science (MASS), Thailand: Bangkok.
  • Lyons, S. T., Duxbury, L. E., & Higgins, C. A. (2006). A comparison of the values and commitment of private sector, public sector, and parapublic sector employees. Public Administration Review, 66 (4), 605– 618.
  • Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Maxwell, J. C. (1999). The 21 indispensable qualities of a leader: Becoming the person others will want to follow. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers.
  • Meyer J. P., Allen, N. J., and Smith, C. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538-551.
  • Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
  • Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(6), 710.
  • Molm, L. D. (2003). Theoretical comparisons of forms of exchange. Sociological Theory, 21, 1-17.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. Shore, L. M., & Wayne, S. J. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: Comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 774.
  • Shore, L. M., Bommer, W. H., Rao, A. N., & Seo, J. (2009). Social and economic exchange in the employee-organization relationship: The moderating role of reciprocation wariness. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(8), 701-721.
  • Shore, L. M., Tetrick, L. E., Lynch, P., & Barksdale, K. (2006). Social and economic exchange: Construct development and validation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(4), 837-867.
  • Shore, L., Coyle-Shapiro, J., Chen, X., & Tetrick, L. (2009). Social exchange in work settings: Content, process, and mixed models. Management and Organization Review, 5(3), 289-302.
  • Shore, L.M., Tetrick, L.E., Lynch, P., & Barksdale, K. (2006). Social and economic exchange, construct development and validation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 837-67.
  • Song, J., Tsui, A. S., & Law, K. S. (2009). Unpacking employee responses to organizational exchange mechanisms: The role of social and economic exchange perceptions. Journal of Management, 35(1), 56- 93.
  • Thibault, J., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). Evaluation of the Dyad. The Social Psychology of Groups. New Brunswick, New Jersey, Transaction Publishers.
  • Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relationship: does investment in employees pay off? Academy of Management Journal, 40(5), 1089-1121.
  • Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L.W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relationship: Does investment in employees pay off? Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1089-1121.
  • Yiğit, İ. (2016). The effect of organizational commitment on the social exchange and organizational socialization: A study in research and practice hospital of Kocaeli University. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(12), 25-50.
  • Yu, M. C., Mai, Q., Tsai, S. B., & Dai, Y. (2018). An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 10(3), 864.
  • Zhu, Y. (2012). Social exchange relationship, economic exchange relationship, in-role behavior: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 8(8), 194-199.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burcu Aydın Küçük 0000-0001-9081-2536

Publication Date October 13, 2020
Submission Date October 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aydın Küçük, B. (2020). The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(4), 2337-2348. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.640929
AMA Aydın Küçük B. The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment. MJSS. October 2020;9(4):2337-2348. doi:10.33206/mjss.640929
Chicago Aydın Küçük, Burcu. “The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 2337-48. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.640929.
EndNote Aydın Küçük B (October 1, 2020) The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 4 2337–2348.
IEEE B. Aydın Küçük, “The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment”, MJSS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2337–2348, 2020, doi: 10.33206/mjss.640929.
ISNAD Aydın Küçük, Burcu. “The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/4 (October 2020), 2337-2348. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.640929.
JAMA Aydın Küçük B. The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment. MJSS. 2020;9:2337–2348.
MLA Aydın Küçük, Burcu. “The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 4, 2020, pp. 2337-48, doi:10.33206/mjss.640929.
Vancouver Aydın Küçük B. The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment. MJSS. 2020;9(4):2337-48.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies