Baskıcı ve Dışlayıcı Han Milliyetçiliğinin Doğu Türkistan (Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi)’da Yansımaları

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 2668 - 2682, 13.10.2020

Gülşen Şeker Aydın , Müge Yüce

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.722057

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Çin Anayasası tarafından ülke içerisinde 56 farklı etnik kökene sahip halkın yaşadığı resmî olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu halklar arasında en yüksek nüfusa sahip etnik azınlıklardan birisi Uygur Türkleri iken beş ayrı özerk bölge içerisinde en geniş alana sahip olanı Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’dir. Sincan’ın zengin doğal kaynaklara sahip olmasının yanında sekiz farklı devlet ile sınırının bulunması bölgeyi Çin için stratejik bir konuma yerleştirmektedir. Bu nedenlerle Sincan, Çin’in ulusal entegrasyon politikalarında çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bölge üzerinde siyasi hâkimiyetin sağlanması yalnızca güvenlik meselesi değildir; aynı zamanda, Çin Komünist Partisi’nin ekonomik ve siyasi meşruiyetini sağlamlaştıracağı bir örnek-olay teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin “ulus-devlet” inşasını sağlamak üzere Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’nde uyguladığı nüfus, eğitim ve dil politikaları modernite ve milliyetçilik perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Çin’in Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’nde etnik milliyetçilik anlayışına dayanan politikalar uyguladığı ve bu kapsamda özellikle nüfus, eğitim ve dil politikalarının özgürleştirici ve kapsayıcı değil baskıcı ve dışlayıcı bir güç olarak kullanıldığı ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

Modern Ulus Devlet, Azınlıklar, Çin, Sincan, Nüfus ve Eğitim Politikaları

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