Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 98 - 112, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.944304

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the distance education model in Turkey from the perspective of tourism education, which heavily includes applied courses, and to test its functionality in this way. Qualitative research methods were used in the study. The interview method was used to collect data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis using the MAXQDA software. In addition, SWOT analysis of the distance education model in Turkey has been made using the obtained data. According to our findings, the strongest aspect of the distance education model is that it makes education sustainable. Moreover, it is emphasized that the model includes many opportunities to provide the necessary information and infrastructure for similar crises in the future. Besides these positive aspects, we also identified some negative consequences of the distance education model, including threats such as reducing students’ sense of responsibility and weaknesses such as the inability to carry out the applied courses in the field of tourism. 

References

  • Augestad, K. M., Butt, K., Ignjatovic, D., Keller, D. S., & Kiran, R. (2019). Video-based coaching in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgical endoscopy, 239, 233-241.
  • Azzopardi, E., & Nash, R. (2016). A framework for island destination competitiveness – perspectives from the island of Malta. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(3), 253-281.
  • Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travelers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Euro Surveillance, 25(5), 2000062.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştirmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 231- 274.
  • Basilaia, G., Dgebuadze, M., Kantaria, M., & Chokhonelidze, G. (2020). Replacing the classic learning form at universities as an immediate response to the COVID-19 virus infection in Georgia. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 8(3), 101-108.
  • Butcher, J. (2020). Public-private virtual-school partnerships and federal flexibility for schools during COVID-19. Mercatus Center Research Paper Series, George Mason University Special Edition: Policy Brief (2020).
  • Cárdenas-García, P. J., Sánchez-Rivero, M., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2015). Does tourism growth influence economic development?. Journal of Travel Research, 54(2), 206-221.
  • Carey, K. (2020). Everybody ready for the big migration to online college? Actually, no. The New York Times, Retrieved March 13, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/upshot/coronavirus-online-college-classes-unprepared.html
  • Chang, D., Lin, M., Wei, L., Xie, L., Zhu, G., Cruz, C. S. D., & Sharma, L. (2020). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China. Jama, 323(11), 1092-1093.
  • Chehayeb, A. (2015), New in classroom: Saving time while grading, Google Cloud official blog. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://cloud.googleblog.com/2015/12/new-in-Classroom- saving-time-while-grading.htm
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X. & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
  • Chick, R. C., Clifton, G. T., Peace, K. M., Propper, B. W., Hale, D. F., Alseidi, A. A., & Vreeland, T. J. (2020). Using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Surgical Education, (Article in Press).
  • Chu, D. K. W., Pan, Y., Cheng, S. M. S., Hui, K. P. Y., Krishnan, P., Liu, Y., Ng, D. Y. M., Wan, C. K. C., Yang, P., Wang, Q., Peiris, M. & Poon, L. L. M. (2020). Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clinical chemistry, 66(4), 549-555.
  • Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D. K……………., & Drosten, C. (2020). Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill, 25(3), 2000045.
  • Crawford, J., Butler, K., Rudolph, J., Glowatz, M., Malkawi, B., Burton, R., Magni, P ve Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Datahaus, K. (2020). Slow internet? How COVID-19 is stressing internet infrastructure in your country. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://medium.com/@kasprdata/slow-internet- how-covid-19-is-stressing-internet-infrastructure-in-your-country-f94ee6e3b156
  • Deal, S. B., & Alseidi, A. A. (2017). Concerns of quality and safety in public domain surgical education videos: an assessment of the critical view of safety in frequently used laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 225(6), 725-730.
  • Gong, R. (2020). Coping with Covid-19: Distance Learning and the Digital Divide. KRI VIEWS, 21(20), 1-4
  • Gralinski, L. E., & Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses, 12(2), 135.
  • Guo, B., & Li, H. (2020). Guidance strategies for online teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic: a case study of the teaching practice of Xinhui Shangya school in Guangdong, China. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 547-551.
  • Haddouche, H. ve Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 69-79.
  • Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J…….., & Pillai, S. K. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 929-936.
  • Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2020). Coronavirus pushes universities to switch to online classes–but are they ready. The Conversation. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from https://theconversation.com/coronaviruspushes-universities-to-switch-to-online-classes-but-arethey-ready-132728
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J……., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223), 497-506.
  • Issa, N. (2020). CPS to buy new computers for students to use at home, ramp up e-Learning during Coronavirus shutdown.” Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from https://chicago.suntimes.com/coronavirus/2020/3/25/21194851/cps-computers-digital-divide-public-schools-coronavirus-shutdown
  • Jayakumar, N., Brunckhorst, O., Dasgupta, P., Khan, M. S., & Ahmed, K. (2015). e-Learning in surgical education: a systematic review. Journal of Surgical Education, 72(6), 1145-1157.
  • Jones, V., Jo, J., & Martin, P. (2007, February). Future schools and how technology can be used to support millennial and Generation-Z students. (ICUT 2007), 1st Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Information Technology, (pp. 886-891), Proceeding Books.
  • Jose Sa, M. & Serpa, S. (2020). The global crisis brought about by SARS-CoV-2 and its impacts on education: An overview of the Portuguese panorama. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 525- 530.
  • Kuckartz, U., & Radiker, S. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA. New York: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kumar, G. S., Angel, T. S. S., Gangwar, A., & Saksena, K. P. M. (2019). Recommendation system for E-learning platforms, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(8), 1956-1960.
  • Lam, T. T. Y., Shum, M. H. H., Zhu, H. C., Tong, Y. G., Ni, X. B., Liao, Y. S., Wei, W., Cheung, W. Y-M., Li, W-J., Li, L-F., Leung, G. M., Holmes, E. C., Hu, Y-L. & Guan, Y. (2020). Identification of 2019- nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.945485.
  • Li, C. M. (2019). How does e-book bag pro-mote learning? Video analysis based on classroom recordings. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 3(1), 135-154.
  • Lin, W., Chen, Y., Shi, S., Liang, J., Huang, H., Li, L., Cai, L., Zong, L., Wang, N., Wen, J., & Chen, G. (2020). Thoughts on Higher Medical Education Under Major Public Health Emergencies: Thinking Ahead After COVID-19 Outbreak. medRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20053918.
  • MCMC (Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission). (2020). 3Q 2019 Communications and Multimedia Facts & Figures. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/3Q_CM_2019.pdf.
  • Menachery, V. D., Dinnon, K. H., Yount, B. L., McAnarney, E. T., Gralinski, L. E., Hale, A., Graham, R. L., Scobey, T., Anthony, S. J., Wang, L., Graham, B., Randell, S. H., Lipkin, W. I., & Baric, R. S. (2020). Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. Journal of Virology, 94(5), 1-15.
  • Mirzakhani, M., Ashrafzadeh, H., & Ashrafzadeh, A. (2010, October). The virtual university: Advantages and disadvantages. (October 2010), 4th International Conference on Distance Learning and Education (pp. 32-36). IEEE, Proceeding Books.
  • Munster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., van Riel, D., & de Wit, E. (2020). A novel coronavirus emerging in China—key questions for impact assessment. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 692-694.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3(1), 344-347.
  • Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., & Fauci, A. S. (2020). Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(8), 707-708.
  • Perlman, S. (2020). Another decade, another coronavirus. The New England Journal of Medicine, 38(8), 760-762
  • Rodriguez, H. A., Young, M. T., Jackson, H. T., Oelschlager, B. K., & Wright, A. S. (2018). Viewer discretion advised: is YouTube a friend or foe in surgical education?. Surgical Endoscopy, 32(4), 1724-1728.
  • Sadeghi, M. (2019). A shift from classroom to distance learning: Advantages and limitations. International Journal of Research in English Education, 4(1), 80-88.
  • Semenikhina, O. V., Drushlyak, M. G., Bondarenko, Y. A., Kondratiuk, S. M. & Ionova, I. M. (2019). Open educational resources as a trend of modern education. 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO 2019), (pp. 899-902), Proceeding Books.
  • Skinner, H., Sarpong, D., & White, G. (2018). Meeting the needs of the Millennials and Generation Z: gamification in tourism through geocoaching. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 93- 104.
  • Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
  • Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel Coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
  • Wang, D., Li, X. R., & Li, Y. (2013). China's “smart tourism destination” initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2(2), 59-61
  • WHO (World Healt Organisation) (2020). Coronvirus (COVID-19). Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://covid19.who.int/
  • Wong, M. C., Cregeen, S. J. J., Ajami, N. J., & Petrosino, J. F. (2020). Evidence of recombination in coronaviruses implicating pangolin origins of nCoV-2019. bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.939207.
  • Yağar, F. ve Dökme, S. (2018). Niteliksel Araştırmaların Planlanması: Araştırma Soruları, Örneklem Seçimi, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Yao, J., Rao, J., Jiang, T., & Xiong, C. (2020). What Role Should Teachers Play in Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from China. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 517-524.
  • YÖK (Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu). (2020). Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/universitelerde-uygulanacak-uzaktan-egitime-iliskin- aciklama.aspx
  • Yu, S. (2018). The future role of artificial teachers. Open Edu Res, 34(1),16-28.
  • Zayapragassarazan, Z. (2020). COVID-19: Strategies for online engagement of remote learners. F1000Research, 9 (246), 1-11.
  • Zhaohui, W. (2020). How a top Chinese university is responding to Coronavirus. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-china-the- challenges-of-online-learning-for-universities/
  • Zhong, R. (2020). The Coronavirus exposes education’s digital divide, The New York Times. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/technology/china- schools-coronavirus.html
  • Zhou, L., Wu, S., Zhou, M., & Li, F. (2020). 'School’s Out, But Class’s On', the largest online education in the world today: Taking China’s practical exploration during the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control as an example. Best Evid Chin Edu, 4(2), 501-519.
  • Zhou, S., Gu, H., & Yao, J. (2018). From “strict learning” to “smart learning”: an analysis of the key factors affecting students’ academic performance: an empirical study based on the academic quality monitoring data of 262245 students in Jiangsu province. Prim Mid Sch Manag, 32(11): 39-42.

Uzaktan Eğitim Perspektifinden Pandeminin Turizm Eğitimine Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 98 - 112, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.944304

Abstract

 Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki uzaktan eğitim modelini, ağırlıklı olarak uygulamalı dersler içeren turizm eğitimi açısından incelemeyi ve bu şekilde modelin işlevselliğini test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Veri toplamak için mülakat yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA yazılımı kullanılarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Ayrıca elde edilen veriler kullanılarak COVID-19 döneminde uygulanana Türkiye'deki uzaktan eğitim modelinin SWOT analizi yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, uzaktan eğitim modelinin en güçlü yanı, eğitimi sürdürülebilir kılmasıdır. Ayrıca modelin ileride yaşanabilecek benzer krizler için gerekli bilgi ve altyapıyı sağlamaya yönelik pek çok fırsat içerdiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu olumlu yönlerinin yanı sıra, öğrencilerde sorumluluk duygusunun azaltılması gibi tehditler ve turizm alanında uygulamalı derslerin gerçekleştirilememesi gibi zayıflıklar da dahil olmak üzere uzaktan eğitim modelinin bazı olumsuz sonuçları da belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Augestad, K. M., Butt, K., Ignjatovic, D., Keller, D. S., & Kiran, R. (2019). Video-based coaching in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgical endoscopy, 239, 233-241.
  • Azzopardi, E., & Nash, R. (2016). A framework for island destination competitiveness – perspectives from the island of Malta. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(3), 253-281.
  • Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travelers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Euro Surveillance, 25(5), 2000062.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştirmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 231- 274.
  • Basilaia, G., Dgebuadze, M., Kantaria, M., & Chokhonelidze, G. (2020). Replacing the classic learning form at universities as an immediate response to the COVID-19 virus infection in Georgia. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 8(3), 101-108.
  • Butcher, J. (2020). Public-private virtual-school partnerships and federal flexibility for schools during COVID-19. Mercatus Center Research Paper Series, George Mason University Special Edition: Policy Brief (2020).
  • Cárdenas-García, P. J., Sánchez-Rivero, M., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2015). Does tourism growth influence economic development?. Journal of Travel Research, 54(2), 206-221.
  • Carey, K. (2020). Everybody ready for the big migration to online college? Actually, no. The New York Times, Retrieved March 13, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/upshot/coronavirus-online-college-classes-unprepared.html
  • Chang, D., Lin, M., Wei, L., Xie, L., Zhu, G., Cruz, C. S. D., & Sharma, L. (2020). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China. Jama, 323(11), 1092-1093.
  • Chehayeb, A. (2015), New in classroom: Saving time while grading, Google Cloud official blog. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://cloud.googleblog.com/2015/12/new-in-Classroom- saving-time-while-grading.htm
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X. & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
  • Chick, R. C., Clifton, G. T., Peace, K. M., Propper, B. W., Hale, D. F., Alseidi, A. A., & Vreeland, T. J. (2020). Using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Surgical Education, (Article in Press).
  • Chu, D. K. W., Pan, Y., Cheng, S. M. S., Hui, K. P. Y., Krishnan, P., Liu, Y., Ng, D. Y. M., Wan, C. K. C., Yang, P., Wang, Q., Peiris, M. & Poon, L. L. M. (2020). Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clinical chemistry, 66(4), 549-555.
  • Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D. K……………., & Drosten, C. (2020). Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill, 25(3), 2000045.
  • Crawford, J., Butler, K., Rudolph, J., Glowatz, M., Malkawi, B., Burton, R., Magni, P ve Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Datahaus, K. (2020). Slow internet? How COVID-19 is stressing internet infrastructure in your country. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://medium.com/@kasprdata/slow-internet- how-covid-19-is-stressing-internet-infrastructure-in-your-country-f94ee6e3b156
  • Deal, S. B., & Alseidi, A. A. (2017). Concerns of quality and safety in public domain surgical education videos: an assessment of the critical view of safety in frequently used laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 225(6), 725-730.
  • Gong, R. (2020). Coping with Covid-19: Distance Learning and the Digital Divide. KRI VIEWS, 21(20), 1-4
  • Gralinski, L. E., & Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses, 12(2), 135.
  • Guo, B., & Li, H. (2020). Guidance strategies for online teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic: a case study of the teaching practice of Xinhui Shangya school in Guangdong, China. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 547-551.
  • Haddouche, H. ve Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 69-79.
  • Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J…….., & Pillai, S. K. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 929-936.
  • Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2020). Coronavirus pushes universities to switch to online classes–but are they ready. The Conversation. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from https://theconversation.com/coronaviruspushes-universities-to-switch-to-online-classes-but-arethey-ready-132728
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J……., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223), 497-506.
  • Issa, N. (2020). CPS to buy new computers for students to use at home, ramp up e-Learning during Coronavirus shutdown.” Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from https://chicago.suntimes.com/coronavirus/2020/3/25/21194851/cps-computers-digital-divide-public-schools-coronavirus-shutdown
  • Jayakumar, N., Brunckhorst, O., Dasgupta, P., Khan, M. S., & Ahmed, K. (2015). e-Learning in surgical education: a systematic review. Journal of Surgical Education, 72(6), 1145-1157.
  • Jones, V., Jo, J., & Martin, P. (2007, February). Future schools and how technology can be used to support millennial and Generation-Z students. (ICUT 2007), 1st Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Information Technology, (pp. 886-891), Proceeding Books.
  • Jose Sa, M. & Serpa, S. (2020). The global crisis brought about by SARS-CoV-2 and its impacts on education: An overview of the Portuguese panorama. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 525- 530.
  • Kuckartz, U., & Radiker, S. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA. New York: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kumar, G. S., Angel, T. S. S., Gangwar, A., & Saksena, K. P. M. (2019). Recommendation system for E-learning platforms, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(8), 1956-1960.
  • Lam, T. T. Y., Shum, M. H. H., Zhu, H. C., Tong, Y. G., Ni, X. B., Liao, Y. S., Wei, W., Cheung, W. Y-M., Li, W-J., Li, L-F., Leung, G. M., Holmes, E. C., Hu, Y-L. & Guan, Y. (2020). Identification of 2019- nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.945485.
  • Li, C. M. (2019). How does e-book bag pro-mote learning? Video analysis based on classroom recordings. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 3(1), 135-154.
  • Lin, W., Chen, Y., Shi, S., Liang, J., Huang, H., Li, L., Cai, L., Zong, L., Wang, N., Wen, J., & Chen, G. (2020). Thoughts on Higher Medical Education Under Major Public Health Emergencies: Thinking Ahead After COVID-19 Outbreak. medRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20053918.
  • MCMC (Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission). (2020). 3Q 2019 Communications and Multimedia Facts & Figures. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/3Q_CM_2019.pdf.
  • Menachery, V. D., Dinnon, K. H., Yount, B. L., McAnarney, E. T., Gralinski, L. E., Hale, A., Graham, R. L., Scobey, T., Anthony, S. J., Wang, L., Graham, B., Randell, S. H., Lipkin, W. I., & Baric, R. S. (2020). Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. Journal of Virology, 94(5), 1-15.
  • Mirzakhani, M., Ashrafzadeh, H., & Ashrafzadeh, A. (2010, October). The virtual university: Advantages and disadvantages. (October 2010), 4th International Conference on Distance Learning and Education (pp. 32-36). IEEE, Proceeding Books.
  • Munster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., van Riel, D., & de Wit, E. (2020). A novel coronavirus emerging in China—key questions for impact assessment. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 692-694.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3(1), 344-347.
  • Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., & Fauci, A. S. (2020). Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(8), 707-708.
  • Perlman, S. (2020). Another decade, another coronavirus. The New England Journal of Medicine, 38(8), 760-762
  • Rodriguez, H. A., Young, M. T., Jackson, H. T., Oelschlager, B. K., & Wright, A. S. (2018). Viewer discretion advised: is YouTube a friend or foe in surgical education?. Surgical Endoscopy, 32(4), 1724-1728.
  • Sadeghi, M. (2019). A shift from classroom to distance learning: Advantages and limitations. International Journal of Research in English Education, 4(1), 80-88.
  • Semenikhina, O. V., Drushlyak, M. G., Bondarenko, Y. A., Kondratiuk, S. M. & Ionova, I. M. (2019). Open educational resources as a trend of modern education. 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO 2019), (pp. 899-902), Proceeding Books.
  • Skinner, H., Sarpong, D., & White, G. (2018). Meeting the needs of the Millennials and Generation Z: gamification in tourism through geocoaching. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 93- 104.
  • Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
  • Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel Coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
  • Wang, D., Li, X. R., & Li, Y. (2013). China's “smart tourism destination” initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2(2), 59-61
  • WHO (World Healt Organisation) (2020). Coronvirus (COVID-19). Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://covid19.who.int/
  • Wong, M. C., Cregeen, S. J. J., Ajami, N. J., & Petrosino, J. F. (2020). Evidence of recombination in coronaviruses implicating pangolin origins of nCoV-2019. bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.939207.
  • Yağar, F. ve Dökme, S. (2018). Niteliksel Araştırmaların Planlanması: Araştırma Soruları, Örneklem Seçimi, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Yao, J., Rao, J., Jiang, T., & Xiong, C. (2020). What Role Should Teachers Play in Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from China. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 517-524.
  • YÖK (Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu). (2020). Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/universitelerde-uygulanacak-uzaktan-egitime-iliskin- aciklama.aspx
  • Yu, S. (2018). The future role of artificial teachers. Open Edu Res, 34(1),16-28.
  • Zayapragassarazan, Z. (2020). COVID-19: Strategies for online engagement of remote learners. F1000Research, 9 (246), 1-11.
  • Zhaohui, W. (2020). How a top Chinese university is responding to Coronavirus. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-china-the- challenges-of-online-learning-for-universities/
  • Zhong, R. (2020). The Coronavirus exposes education’s digital divide, The New York Times. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/technology/china- schools-coronavirus.html
  • Zhou, L., Wu, S., Zhou, M., & Li, F. (2020). 'School’s Out, But Class’s On', the largest online education in the world today: Taking China’s practical exploration during the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control as an example. Best Evid Chin Edu, 4(2), 501-519.
  • Zhou, S., Gu, H., & Yao, J. (2018). From “strict learning” to “smart learning”: an analysis of the key factors affecting students’ academic performance: an empirical study based on the academic quality monitoring data of 262245 students in Jiangsu province. Prim Mid Sch Manag, 32(11): 39-42.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Merve Işkın 0000-0002-4748-0422

Ümit Şengel 0000-0003-1284-836X

Koray Genç 0000-0001-5477-4683

İsmail Uzut 0000-0001-6227-7249

Early Pub Date January 31, 2022
Publication Date January 31, 2022
Submission Date May 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Işkın, M., Şengel, Ü., Genç, K., Uzut, İ. (2022). Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.944304
AMA Işkın M, Şengel Ü, Genç K, Uzut İ. Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective. MJSS. January 2022;11(1):98-112. doi:10.33206/mjss.944304
Chicago Işkın, Merve, Ümit Şengel, Koray Genç, and İsmail Uzut. “Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, no. 1 (January 2022): 98-112. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.944304.
EndNote Işkın M, Şengel Ü, Genç K, Uzut İ (January 1, 2022) Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 1 98–112.
IEEE M. Işkın, Ü. Şengel, K. Genç, and İ. Uzut, “Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective”, MJSS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 98–112, 2022, doi: 10.33206/mjss.944304.
ISNAD Işkın, Merve et al. “Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/1 (January 2022), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.944304.
JAMA Işkın M, Şengel Ü, Genç K, Uzut İ. Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective. MJSS. 2022;11:98–112.
MLA Işkın, Merve et al. “Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 1, 2022, pp. 98-112, doi:10.33206/mjss.944304.
Vancouver Işkın M, Şengel Ü, Genç K, Uzut İ. Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective. MJSS. 2022;11(1):98-112.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies