Rusya Federasyonu’nun Hibrit Savaş Doktrini Bağlamında Beyaz Rusya’yı AB’ye Karşı Araçsallaştırması

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1278 - 1290, 26.07.2022

Merve Suna Özel Özcan

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1055048

Abstract

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin 1991 yılında dağılması ile bağımsızlığını kazanan Avrupa topraklarındaki ülkelerden biri Beyaz Rusya’dır. Beyaz Rusya’nın coğrafi konumu onu diğer Sovyet ardılı ülkelerden farklı bir politika takip etmeye iterken aynı zamanda ülkede 1994 yılı seçimlerini kazanan Aleksandr Lukaşenko iktidarı ile Batı ile ilişkiler daha başlamadan darbe almıştır. Beyaz Rusya yönünü ve tarafını Rusya Federasyonu rotasında belirlemiştir. Bu durumda coğrafi konumun yanı sıra elbette tercih ve konjonktürel gelişmeler de söz konusudur. 2000’ler itibari ile iki ülke arsındaki ilişki Vladimir Putin’in güçlü otoritesi ve dış politikada hegemonya arayışı ile farklı bir boyutta ilerlemeye başlamış ve Beyaz Rusya’nın Rusya’ya olan enerji bağımlılığı başta olmak üzere pek çok alanda bağımlılığı net bir şekilde görülmeye başlamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında da inceleme konusu özellikle Rusya’nın 2014 itibari ile uluslararası alanda kullanmaya başladığı Hibrit Savaş doktrini ekseninde Beyaz Rusya’nın durumudur. Rusya’nın özelikle doktrin ekseninde Beyaz Rusya’yı Avrupa Birliği yaptırımlarına karşı bir araç haline getirmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Bu açıdan Rusya, Beyaz Rusya’nın göç ve enerji güzergâhı konumunu jeopolitik önemine binaen kullanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada hibrit savaş doktrini ekseninde Rusya’nın arka planda kalarak Beyaz Rusya’nın AB ile ilişkilerinde rolü gözlenecektir. Elbette eş zamanlı olarak AB’nin Beyaz Rusya yaptırımları ve buna karşılık Beyaz Rusya’nın da göç ve enerji güzergâhı olması bağlamında takip ettiği hibrit eylemler incelenecektir.

Keywords

Rusya, Beyaz Rusya, Göç, Hibrit Savaş, Enerji

An Instrumentalization of Belarus against the EU on the axis of the Hybrid War Doctrine by Russia

Abstract

After the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1991, it declared its independence in Belarus in European territory. The geographical location of Belarus has pushed it to follow a different policy from other countries. In addition to this situation, after the government of Alexander Lukashenko, who won the 1994 elections in the country, relations with the West were hit before they even started. In this period, Belarus determined its direction on the side of the Russian Federation. This is of course important in preference and cyclical developments, as well as geographical location. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the relationship between the two countries has started to progress in a different dimension with the strong authority of Vladimir Putin and the search for hegemony in foreign policy. The dependence of Belarus on Russia in many fields, especially in energy dependence, has started to be seen clearly. Within the scope of the study, the situation of Belarus will be examined in the axis of the hybrid war doctrine, which Russia has started to use in the international arena as of 2014. It is important for Russia to make Belarus a tool against European Union sanctions, especially on the axis of doctrine. In addition, it is thought-provoking that Russia realized this in the axis of Belarus' geopolitical position. Because Belarus is in the position of migration and energy route. In the study, Belarus' relations with the EU will be observed where Russia remains in the background on the axis of the hybrid war doctrine. Of course, the EU's sanctions on Belarus will also be examined simultaneously. The hybrid actions followed by Belarus as a migration and energy route against the European Union will be examined.

Keywords

Russia, Belarus, Migration, Hybrid Warfare, Energy

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