A STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRAITS, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CULTURAL VALUES OF WORKERS IN HEALTH SECTOR

Abstract

Cultural diffirences are the one of the most known topic in literature. On the other hand personel properties are received attention by the investigators. But this two topics rarely come together in similar investigations. Especially in our country there are so narrow investigation focusing on this topics. So the main problematical of this study is defining of the relationship between the people who work in healhty sector's demogratic,personel analysis and cultural properties. In this study cultural and personel properties investigated by the vertical,horizontal and individual education and cultural assetment measurament. In this article cultural and personel properties is evaluated by interview method with four participant in different hospitals. This search content is one of the research methods of the circumstance invastigating. In the investigation communicates with participants for realizing multiple circumstance invastigating. Description analysis technique is used for the analysis of the data which gatherred from interview when analysis results are investigated,notice that difference results are happened. Some of this results are parallel with literature,on the otherside some of the results are happened first time on this study

Keywords

• Cultural Values
• Personality Traits
• Qualitative Research

SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE ÇALIŞANLARIN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİ, KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KÜLTÜREL DEĞERLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇOKLU DURUM ÇALIŞMASI

Abstract

Kültürel farklılıklar literatürde oldukça fazla araştırma kapsamında ele alınmış bir konudur. Diğer yandan kişilik özellikleri de araştırmacıların dikkatini oldukça çekmiştir. Ancak bu iki konunun bir arada ele alınıp değerlendirildiği çalışmalar oldukça kısıtlıdır. Özellikle de ülkemizde bu iki konunun beraber ele alınıp tartışıldığı çalışmalar oldukça azdır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmanın temel sorunsalı, sağlık sektöründe çalışanların demografik özellikleri, kişilik özellikleri ve kültürel değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada kültürel değerler ve kişilik özellikleri, dikey ve yatay toplulukçuluk ve bireycilik eğilimleri ve kültürel değerler ölçeği ile incelenmiştir. Bu makalede, farklı hastanelerden on dört katılımcı ile mülakat yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan “durum araştırması” kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada birden fazla deneğe ulaşılarak “çoklu durum çalışması” gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşme formundan elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde farklı sonuçlarla karşılaşıldığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlardan bazıları literatür ile paralellik arz ederken, bazıları daha önce literatürde olmayan bu çalışma kapsamında ortaya çıkan sonuçlardır. 

Keywords

• Kültürel Değerler
• Kişilik Özellikleri
• Nitel Araştırma

References

1. Abraham, R. (1997). “The Relationship of Vertical and Horizontal Individualism and Collectivism to Intrapreneurship and Organizational Commitment”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 18 (4), 179–186.
2. Adler, A. (2008). İnsanı Tanıma Sanatı. (Çev.: Kamuran Şipal). (10. Baskı). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
3. Barrick, M.R., & Mount, M.K. (1991). “The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis”. Personnel Psychology, 44 (1), 1–26.
4. Block, J. (1961). The Q-sort Method in Personality Assessment and Psychiatric Research. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL.
5. Burger, J. M. (2006). Kişilik: Psikoloji Biliminin İnsan Doğasına Dair Söyledikleri. (Çev.: İnan Deniz Erguvan Sarıoğlu). (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
6. Cardon, P. W. (2008). “Horizontal and Vertical Individualist and Collectivist Tendencies Among Chinese and American Management Students”. Journal for Global Business Education, 8, 1-18.
7. Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). “Revised NEO Personality Inventory and NEO Fivefactor Inventory: Professional Manual”. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
8. Çınar, H. (2011). “The Use Of The Internet in Educatıon and Internet Ethics: A Study On Office Management And Secretaryship Programmes With The Five-Factor Model Of Personality”. International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies. 3, 6. ISSN 1307-9832.

9. Çukur, C. Ş., & De Guzman, M., & R. T. & Carlo G. (2004). “Religiosity, Values, and Horizontal and Vertical Individualism-Collectivism: A Study of Turkey, The United States, And The Philippines”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 144 (6), 613-634.
10. Digman, J.M. (1990). “Personality Structure: Emergence of The Five-Factor Model”. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417–440.
11. Dinn, A. A., & Harris, C. L. C. (2011). “Individualism–Collectivism Among Americans, Turks and Turkish Immigrants to The U.S”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 2011, 9–16.
12. Doeven-Eggens, L., & De Fruyt, F., & Hendriks, A.A.J., & Bosker, R.J., & Van Der Werf, M.P.C. (2008), “Personality and Personal Network Type”, Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 7, 689-693.
13. Dönmez, D., Çevik, İ. (2010). “İşletmelerde Yeniliklerin Kaynağı Olarak Paydaş Diyalogları: Seyahat Acentaları Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 189-202.
14. Erdem, A. R., Kıran, H., Kırmızı, F. S. (2011). “Köy Enstitüleri Mezunlarının Öğretmen Yeterliklerine İlişkin Nitel Bir Araştırma”. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 6 (1), 476-489.
15. Farh, J., & Hackett, R. D., & Liang, J. (2007). “Individual-Level Cultural Values as Moderators of Perceived Organizational Support-Employee Outcome Relationships in China: Comparing The Effects of Power Distance and Traditionality”. Academy of Management Journal, 50 (3), 715-729.
16. Fitzpatrick, J., & Feng, D., & Liang, S., & Crawford, D., & Tsorell, G., & Morgan-Flemıng, B. (2006). “Social Values and Self-Disclosure: A Comparison of Chinese Native, Chinese Resident (in U.S.) and North American Spouses”, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37 (1), 113-127.
17. George, J., (1992). “The Role of Personality in Organizational Life: Issues and Evidence”. Journal of Management, 128, 185–213.
18. Gouveia, V. V., & Clemente, M., & Espinosa, P. (2003). “The Horizontal and Vertical Attributes of Individualism and Collectivism in A Spanish Population”, The Journal Of Social Psychology, 143 (1), 43-63.
19. Göregenli, M. (1995). “Kültürümüz Açısından Bireycilik – Toplulukçuluk Eğilimleri: Bir Başlangıç Çalışması”. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10 (35), 1-14.
20. Guo, X., & Schwartz, S. J., & McCabe, B. E. (2008). “Aging, Gender, and Self: Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance Analysis on Self-Construal”. Self and Identity, 7 (1), 1-24.
21. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Workrelated Values, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
22. Hofstede, G., & McCrae, R. R. (2004). “Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture”, Cross-Cultural Research, 38 (1), 52-88.
23. Hofstede, G. (2006). “What Did Globe Really Measure? Researchers' Minds Versus Respondents'Minds”, Journal Of International Business Studies, 37, 882-896.
24. Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2006). Sosyal Psikoloji. Çev: İbrahim Yıldız-Aydın Gelmez. 1. Baskı. Ütopya Yayınevi. Ankara.
25. İmamoğlu, E. O. ve Karakitapoğlu, Aygün, Z. (2004). “Self-Construals and Values in Different Cultural and Socioeconomic Contexts”. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 130 (4), 277-306.
26. John, O. P., & Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory—Versions 4a and 54, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research, Berkeley, CA.
27. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007). Kültürel Psikoloji: Kültür Bağlamında İnsan ve Aile. 3. Baskı. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
28. Karim, N.S.A., & Zamzuri, N.H.A., & Nor, Y.M. (2009). “Exploring The Relationship Between Internet Ethics in University Students and The Big Five Model of Personality” Computers & Education, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online 23 February.
29. Laca, A. F., & Mejia, J. C., & Yanez, C. L. (2012). “Violence Related Attitudes, Horizontal Individualism And Collectivism in Young Mexicans”. Psychology Journal, 9 (1), 2-12.
30. McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T. (1991). “Adding Liebe und Arbeit: The Full Five-Factor Model and Well-Being”. Bulletin of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 430–446.
31. McCrae, R.R., & John, O.P. (1992). “An Introduction to The Five-Factor Model and Its Applications”. Journal of Personality, 60, 175–215.
32. O'Connor, M.C., & Paunonen, S.V. (2007), “Big Five Personality Predictors of Post-Secondary Academic Performance”, Personality and Individual Differences, 43 (5), 971-990.
33. O'Neil, J. W., & Xiao, Q. (2010). “Effects of Organizational/Occupational Characteristics and Personality Traits on Hotel Manager Emotional Exhaustion”. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 652–658.
34. Oyserman, D., & Coon, H. M. & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). “Rethinking Individualism and Collectivism: Evaluation of Theoretical Assumptions and Meta-Analyses”. Psychological Bulletin, 128 (1), 3-72.
35. Oyserman, D. (2006). “High Power, Low Power, and Equality: Culture Beyond Individualism and Collectivism”. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16 (4), 352-356.
36. Özbek, M. F. (2010). The Relationships Of Horizontal and Vertical Indıvıdualısm & Collectivism and Money Ethic: A Comparative Study Of Turkish And Kyrgyz University Students.
37. Probst, T. M., & Lawler, J. (2006). “Cultural Values As Moderators of Employee Reactions to Job Insecurity: The Role of Individualism And Collectivism”, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55, 234–254.
38. Sakallı, N. (2006). Sosyal Etkiler: Kim Kimi Nasıl Etkiler? (2.Baskı). İmge Kitabevi. Ankara.
39. Schimmack, U., & Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2005). “Individualism: A Valid and Important Dimension of Cultural Differences Between Nations”. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9 (1), 17-31.
40. Singelis, T. M., & Triandis, H. C., & Bhawuk, D. S., & Gelfand, M. (1995). “Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism: A Theoretical and Measurement Refinement”. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 240-275.
41. Sivadas, E., & Bruvold, N. T., & Nelson, M. R. (2008). “A Reduced Version of The Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale: A Four-Country Assessment”, Journal of Business Research, 61, 201-210.
42. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
43. Triandis, H. C. (2000). “Culture and Conflict”, International Journal of Psychology, 35 (2), 145- 152.
44. Triandis, H. C. (2006). “Cultural Aspects of Globalization”, Journal of International Management, 12, 208–217.
45. Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. (1998). “Converging Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1, 118-128.
46. Walker, D.F., & Gorsuch R.L. (2002), “Forgiveness Within The Big Five Personality Model”, Personality and Individual Differences, 32 (7), 1127-1137.
47. Wasti, A., & Erdil, E. S. (2007). “Measurement of Individualism and Collectivism: Validation of The Self Construal Scale And Indcol In Turkish”. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (1-2), 39-66.
48. Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). “Adaptational Style and Dispositional Structure: Coping in The Context of The Five-Factor Model”. Journal of Personality, 64, 735–774.
49. Wu, T.-F., & Batmunkh, M.-U., & Lai, A.S.R. (2011). “Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Personality and Values: A Case Study of Mongolian vs. Taiwanese Doctors and Nurses”. International Journal of Business Anthropology, 2 (1), 68-93.
50. Voronov, M., & Singer, J. A. (2002). “The Myth of Individualism-Collectivism: A Critical Review”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 142 (4), 461-480.
51. Yiu, T. W., & Lee, H. K. (2011). “How Do Personality Traits Affect Construction Dispute Negotiation? Study of Big Five Personality Model”. Journal Of Constructıon Engıneerıng and Ma