Çiftçilerin kakao üretimi üzerindeki iklim etkilerini azaltmak için uyum stratejileri: Nijerya'daki Osun Eyaletinden deneyim

Öz

Çalışma, Nijerya’nın Osun Eyaletinde iklim değişikliğinin kakao üretimi üzerindeki etkilerini hafifletmek için kakao çiftçilerinin adaptasyon stratejilerini değerlendirdi. Kakao çiftçilerinin sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin profilini çıkardı, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini inceledi; uyum stratejilerinin kullanımını belirlemiş ve kullanımlarının önündeki engelleri incelemiştir. Veriler, görüşme programı kullanılarak eyaletteki 120 kakao çiftçisinden elde edilmiştir. Toplanan birincil verileri analiz etmek için uygun istatistiksel araçlar kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, kakao çiftçilerinin çoğunun (%87.5) erkek olduğunu ve ortalama yaşlarının 54.1± 10.8 olduğunu gösterdi. Tüm (%100) kakao çiftçileri, iklim değişikliği konusunda yüksek farkındalığa sahiptir. Bulgular, iklim değişikliğinin kakao fidelerinin büyümesini geciktirdiğini ve kakao verimini azalttığını ifade etmiştir. Kullanılan temel adaptasyon stratejileri ise, gölge ağaçların dikilmesi ve kakaoya sık sık böcek ilacı püskürtülmesi ugyulamalarıdır. Kakao çiftçilerinin çoğunluğu, farklı iklim değişikliği uyum stratejilerini yüksek düzeyde kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Girdilerin yüksek maliyeti ve öngörülemeyen hava koşulları, uyum stratejilerinin kullanımını sınırlayan başlıca engellerdi. Yaş (r=-0.501) ve çiftçilikle uğraşma yılı (r=0.551) uyum stratejilerinin kullanılmasıyla anlamlı şekilde ilişkilidir. Araştırma, kakao çiftçilerinin Nijerya'da sürdürülebilir ve optimum kakao üretimini artırmada, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini azaltmak için yüksek düzeyde birden fazla uyum stratejisi kullandığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adaptasyon
• farkındalık
• kakao
• kısıtlamalar
• etkiler

Farmers’ adaptation strategies to mitigate climate impacts on cocoa production: experience from Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

The study assessed cocoa farmers’ adaptation strategies for mitigating impacts of climate change on cocoa production in Osun State, Nigeria. It profiled socio-demographic features of cocoa farmers, examined impacts of climate change; determined utilisation of adaptation strategies and examined the barriers to their usage. Data were drawn from 120 cocoa farmers across the state using interview schedule. Appropriate statistical tools were employed to analyse the primary data collected. The findings showed that most of the cocoa farmers (87.5%) were male with a mean age of 54.1± 10.8years. All (100%) cocoa farmers indicated high awareness of climate change. The findings showed that climate change retarded growth of cocoa seedlings and reduced cocoa yield. Key adaptation strategies utilized were planting of shade trees and frequent spraying of cocoa with pesticides. Majority of the cocoa farmers indicated high level of usage of different climate change adaptation strategies. High cost of inputs and unpredictable weather were the major barriers limiting the usage of adaptation strategies. Age (r=-0.501) and years of engagement in farming (r=0.551) were significantly related to the utilization of adaptation strategies. The research concluded that cocoa farmers utilized multiple adaptation strategies at high level to mitigate impacts of climate change to enhance sustainable and optimum cocoa production in Nigeria.

Keywords

• adaptation
• awareness
• cocoa
• constraints
• effects

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