Siyah Alaca, Kırmızı Alaca ve Simental sığır sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısı ile süt amiloid A, elektriksel iletkenlik ve pH arasındaki ilişkiler

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Siyah Alaca, Kırmızı Alaca ve Simental sığır sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) ile süt amiloid A (SAA), elektiksel iletkenlik (Eİ) ve pH arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Siyah Alaca (46 baş) ve Kırmızı Alaca (13 baş) sığırlarının % 87 ve % 78’i, Simental sığırlarının (82 baş) ise hiçbiri SHS bakımından risk grubunda bulunmamıştır. Çalışmada somatik hücre sayısı Siyah Alaca, Kırmızı Alaca ve Simental ırklarında sırasıyla 4.49±0.079, 4.40±0.091 ve 4.20±0.111 hücre ml-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. SAA ortalama düzeyleri Siyah Alaca ırkında 343.80±26.40, Kırmızı Alaca ırkında 286.20±24.520, Simental ırkında 479.85±76.79 ngml-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Süt örneklerinin pH değerleri Siyah Alaca ırkında ise 6.62±0.017, Kırmızı Alaca ırkında 6.67±0.016, Simental ırkında 6.58±0.084 tespit edilmiştir. Eİ değerleri Siyah Alaca ırkında 3.58±0.050, Kırmızı Alaca ırkında 3.65±0.071, Simental ırkında 1.21±0.019 mS cm-1 olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Siyah alaca ve Kırmızı Alaca ırklarında SHS ile SAA arasında anlamlı bir yakın ilişkinin düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile farkedilebiliyor olması süte özgü SAA'nın subklinik mastitisin potansiyel bir fizyolojik belirteci olduğunu düşündürebilir. EI ve pH ölçüm sonuçlarının SHS ve SAA ile anlamlı ilişki içinde olmaması, bu belirteçlerin hastalık tespitinden ziyade süt kalitesinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Somatik Hücre Sayısı
• Süt Amiloid A
• Elektiksel İletkenlik
• Ph
• Süt

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı

Project Number

2021-7-11-M

Thanks

Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı tarafından (2021-7-11-M) desteklenmiştir.

Relationships between somatic cell count and milk amyloid A, electrical conductivity, and pH in Holstein cattle, Red Holstein , Simmental breed milk

Abstract

In this study, the investigation aimed to explore the relationships between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk amyloid A (MAA), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH in Holstein Friesian, Red Holstein and Simmental cattle milk. Among Holstein (46 head) and Red Holstein (13 head) cattle, 87% and 78%, respectively, exhibited no risk of SCC, while none of the Simmental breed (82 head) were within the risk category based on SCC. The study determined the SCC in Holstein cattle, Red Holstein, and Simmental breeds as 4.49±0.079, 4.40±0.091, and 4.20±0.111 cell ml-1, respectively. The average MAA levels were calculated as 343.80±26.40 ng ml-1 in Holstein, 286.20±24.520 ngml-1 in Red Holstein, and 479.85±76.79 ngml-1 in Simmental breeds. The pH values of milk samples were determined as 6.62±0.017 in Holstein, 6.67±0.016 in Red Holstein, and 6.58±0.084 in Simmental breeds. EC values were measured as 3.58±0.050 mS cm-1 in Holstein, 3.65±0.071 mS cm-1 in Red Holstein, and 1.21±0.019 mS cm-1 in Simmental breeds. The results suggest a significant association between SCC and MAA, even at lower concentrations in Holstein and Red Holstein breeds, implying the potential of breed-specific MAA as a physiological marker for subclinical mastitis. The lack of significant associations between EC, pH measurements, and SCC and MAA indicates their potential utility in determining milk quality rather than disease detection.

Keywords

• Somatic Cell Count
• Milk Amyloid A
• Electrical Conductivity
• Ph
• Milk

Project Number

2021-7-11-M

References

1. Åkerstedt, M., Waller, K.P., & Sternesjö, Å. (2007). Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples. Journal of Dairy Research, 74 (2), 198-203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029906002305
2. Anonim (2000). Çiğ Süt ve Isıl İşlem Görmüş İçme Sütleri Tebliği. 14/2/2000 tarihli ve 23964 sayılı Resmî Gazete. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23964.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2023).
3. Anonim (2011). Deneysel ve Diğer Bilimsel Amaçlar İçin Kullanilan Hayvanlarin Refah ve Korunmasına Dair Yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/ 12/20111213-4.htm (Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2023).
4. Anonim (2012). De Laval Somatik Hücre Ölçüm Cihazı DCC. http://www.delaval.com.tr/Products/Milking/Cell-counter-DCC/default.htm (Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2023).
5. Anonymous (2004). Commission Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. Official Journal of the European Union, 139, 55-205.
6. Bandyopadhyay, S., Samanta, I., Bhattacharyya, D., Nanda, P.K., Kar, D., Chowdhury, J., Dandapat, P., Das, A.K., Batul, N., Mondal, B., Dutta, T.K., Das, G., Das, B.C., Naskar, S., Bandyopadhyay, U.K., Das, S.C., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2015) Co-infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in bovine mastitis - Three cases reported from India. Veterinary Quarterly, 35 (1), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2014.984365
7. Bochniarz, M., Zdzisińska, B., Wawron, W., Szczubiał, M., & Dąbrowski, R. (2017). Milk and serum IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and amyloid A concentrations in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by co-agulase-negative staphylococci. Journal of Dairy Science, 100 (12), 9674-9680. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13552
8. Çoban, Ö., Sabuncuoğlu, N., & Tüzemen, N (2007). Siyah Alaca ve Esmer ineklerde somatik hücre sayısına çeşitli faktörlerin etkisi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 47 (1), 15-20.

9. de Vliegher,S., Fox, L.K., Piepers, S., McDougall, S., & Barkema, H.W. (2012) Invited review:Mastitis in dairy heifers:nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. Journal of Dairy Science, 95 (3), 1025-1040. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4074
10. Deveci, H., Apaydın, A.M., Kalkan, C., & Öcal, H. (1994). Evcil hayvanlarda meme hastalıkları. Fırat Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1. Baskı, Elazığ.
11. Diler, A.A., & Baran, A. (2014) Erzurum’un Hınıs ilçesi çevresindeki küçük ölçekli işletme tank sütlerinden alınan çiğ süt örneklerinin bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 26 (1), 18-24.
12. Düz, M., Doğan, Y.N., & Doğan, İ. (2021). İnek sütlerinde somatik hücre sayısı ile süt amiloid A, elektriksel iletkenlik ve ph arasındaki ilişkiler . Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24 (2), 457-463. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.748069
13. Eckersall, P.D., Young, F.J., McComb, C., Hogarth, C.J., Safi, S., Weber, A., McDonald, T., Nolan, A.M., & Fitzpatrick, J.L. (2001). Acute phase proteins in serum and milk from dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Veterinary Record, 148 (2), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.148.2.35
14. Evkuran Dal, G., Sabuncu, A., Aktaran Bala, D., Enginler, S.Ö., Çetin, A.C., Çelik, B., & Koçak, Ö. (2019). Evaluation of intramammary platelet concentrate efficacy as a subclinical mastitis treatment in dairy cows based on somatic cell count and milk amyloid A levels. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 25 (3), 357-363. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2018.20982
15. Feng, L., Yuxia, C., Zichen, W., Zipeng, L., Ahmad, M.J., Ming, L., Tengyun, G., & Shenhe, L. (2020). The effect of exogenous melatonin on milk somatic cell count in buffalo. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 41, 152-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.074
16. Grönlund, U., Hallen Sandgren, C., & Persson Waller, K. (2005). Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk from dairy cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. Veterinary Research, 36, 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1051/ vetres:2004063
17. Grönlund, U., Hultén, C., Eckersall, P.D., Hogarth, C., & Waller, K.P. (2003). Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in milk and serum during acute and chronic experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Research, 70 (4), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022029903006484
18. Haque M.E. (2014). Rapid detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cow. Journal Fisheries & Livestock Production, 3, 128. https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2608.100012
19. Hussein, H.A., Razik, K.H., Gomaa, A.M., Elbayoumy, M.K., Abdelrahman, K.A., & Hosein, H.I. (2018). Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Veterinary World, 11 (1), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.34-41
20. Ibrahim, H.M.M., Ahmed, A.M., El-seedy, Y.Y., & El-Khodery S.A. (2015). Distribution of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria causing clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Global Veterinary, 15, 268-277. https://doi.org/10.5829/ idosi.gv. 2015.15.03.1012
21. ICAR (2022). Section 2 - Guidelines for Dairy Cattle Milk Recording Section 2 – Cattle Milk Recording. https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/02-Overview-Cattle-Milk-Recording.pdf
22. Jacobsen, S., Niewold, T.A., Kornalijnslijper, E., Toussaint, M.J.M., & Gruys, E. (2005) Kinetics of local and systemic isoforms of serum amyloid A in bovine mastitic milk. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 104 (1-2), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.031
23. Jaeger, S., Virchow, F., Torgerson, P.R., Bischoff, M., Biner, B., Hartnack, S., & Rüegg, S.R. (2017). Test characteristics of milk amyloid A ELISA, somatic cell count, and bacteriological culture for detection of intramammary pathogens that cause subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science, 100 (9), 7419-7426. https://doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2016-12446
24. Jayaraman, S., Gantz, D.L., Haupt, C., & Gursky, O. (2017). Serum amyloid A forms stable oligomers that disrupt vesicles at lysosomal pH and contribute to the pathogenesis of reactive amyloidosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 114 (32), E6507-E6515. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707120114
25. Kadariya, J., Smith, T.C., & Thapaliya, D. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal food - Borne disease:an ongoing challenge in public health. BioMed Research International, 827965. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2014/827965
26. Kalmus, P., Simojoki, H., Pyörälä, S., Taponen, S., Holopainen, J., & Orro, T. (2013). Milk haptoglobin, milk amyloid A, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity in bovines with naturally occurring clinical mastitis diagnosed with a quantitative PCR test. Journal of Dairy Science, 96 (6), 3662-3670. https://doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2012-6177
27. Kaşikçi, G., Çetin, O., Bingöl, E.B., & Gündüz, M.C. (2012). Relations between electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, California mastitis test and some quality parameters in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 36, 49-55. https://doi.org 10.3906/vet-1103-4
28. Kaygısız, A. (2023). The effect of somatic cell count and milk urea nitrogen on milk composition in Brown Swiss Cows. Journal of Animal Science and Economics, 2 (1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5152/JASE.2023.1158853
29. Kaygısız, A., & Şahin, O. (2023). Bazı sütçü sığır ırklarında somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) ve süt üre nitrojen (MUN) seviyesinin süt verimi ve bileşimine etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 28 (2), 290-307. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1220523
30. Kaygısız, A., & Karnak, İ. (2012). Kahramanmaraş'ta süt sığırı işlemelerinden toplanan çiğ süt örneklerinin somatik hücre sayısının AB normları ve subklinik mastitis bakımından değerlendirilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (1), 9-15. https://doi.org 10.18016/ksujns.31645
31. Keefe, G. (2012). Update on control of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae for management of mastitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 28 (2), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cvfa.2012.03.010
32. Kumar, N., Manimaran, A., Kumaresan, A., Jeyakumar, S., Sreela, L., Mooventhan, P., & Sivaram, M. (2017) Mastitis effects on reproductive performance in dairy cattle:A review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49 (4), 663-673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1253-4
33. Metin, M. (1998). Süt teknolojisi-sütün bileşimi ve işlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Yayınları No: 33, İzmir.
34. Milci, S., & Yaygın, H. (2004). Elektrik iletkenliği ölçüm tekniğinin süt teknolojisindeki uygulama alanları. Akademik Gıda, 2 (5), 24-28.
35. Navaneethan, R., Saravanan, S., & Suresh, P. (2023). Causal association of epidemiological factors with the incidence of bovine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 62 (1), 1-8.
36. Nazifi, S., Khoshvaghti, A., & Gheisari, H.R. (2008). Evaluation of serum and milk amyloid A in some inflammatory diseases of cattle. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 9, 222-226.
37. Nielen, M., Deluyker, H., Schukken, Y.H., & Brand, A. (1992). Electrical conductivity of milk: measurement, modifiers, and meta analysis of mastitis detection performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 75, 606-614. https://doi.org/10.3168/ jds.S0022-0302(92)77798-4
38. Nielen, M., Schukken, Y.H., Van De Broek, J., Brand, A., Deluyker, H.A., & Maatje, K. (1993). Relations between on-line electrical conductivity and daily milk production on a low somatic cell count farm. Journal of Dairy Science, 76, 2589-2596. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77593-1
39. Norberg, E. (2005). Electrical conductivity of milk as a phenotypic and genetic indicator of bovine mastitis: A review. Livestock Production Science, 96, 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.12.014
40. Orhan, H., Efe, E., & Şahin, M. (2004). SAS yazılımı ile istatistiksel analizler. Tuğra Ofset, Isparta, 139.
41. Patır, B., Can, Ö.P., & Gürses, M. (2010). Farklı illerden toplanan çiğ inek sütlerinde somatik hücre sayıları. Fırat University Medical Journal of Health Sciences, 24, 87-91.
42. Prabhu, K.N., Isloor, S., Hegde, R., Rathnamma, D., Veeregowda, B.M., Narasimha, MHN., Shome, R., & Suryanarayana, V.V.S. (2013). Development of polymerase chain reaction for detection of predominant streptococcal isolates causing subclinical bovine mastitis. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 208-212. http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/19275
43. Qayyum, A., Khan, J.A., Hussain, R., Avais, M., Ahmad, N., & Khan, M.S. (2016). Investigation of milk and blood serum biochemical profile as an indicator of sub-clinical mastitis in cholistani cattle. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 36, 275-279.
44. Sack, G.H. (2018). Serum Amyloid A – A review. Molecular Medicine, 24 (1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-018-0047-0
45. Sadek, K., Saleh, E., & Ayoub, M. (2017). Selective, reliable blood and milk bio-markers for diagnosing clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49 (2), 431-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11250-016-1190-7
46. Safi, S., Khoshvaghti, A., Jafarzadeh, S.R., Bolourchi, M., & Nowrouzian, I. (2009). Acute phase proteins in the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 38 (4), 471-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1939-165X.2009.00156.x
47. Saldamlı, İ., & Erdem, K.Y. (1988). Süte su katma yolu ile yapılan hilelerin saptanmasında örneğin mayalar, genellikle iyonize olmayan metabolitler elektriksel iletkenlik yönteminin kullanılabilirliği. Doğa Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 12 (3), 409-420.
48. Seegers, H., Fourichon, C., & Beaudeau, F. (2003). Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Veterinary Research, 34, 475-491. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003027
49. Sharma, N., Gautam, A., Upadhyay, S.R., Hussain, K., Soodan, J.S., & Gupta, S.K. (2007). Role of antioxidants in udder health: A review. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians, 8 (2), 284-295.
50. Singh, M., Sharma, A., Sharma, R., Mittal, D., Yadav, P., & Charaya, G. (2015). Estimation of acute phase proteins as early biomarkers of buffalo subclinical mastitis. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10 (12), 894-902. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2015.894.902
51. Skrzypek, R., Wójtowski, J., & Fahr, R.D. (2004). Factors affecting somatic cell count in cow bulk tank milk-A case study from Poland. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series A, 51, 127-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00611.x
52. Špauskas, V., Klimiene, I., & Matusevičius, A. (2006). A comparison of indirect methods for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. Veterinarski Arhiv, 76 (2), 101-109.
53. Szczubiał, M., Dabrowski, R., Kankofer, M., Bochniarz, M., & Komar, M. (2012). Concentration of serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin activity in milk from cows with subclinical mastitis caused by different pathogens. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15, 291-296. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10181-011-0149-x
54. Torres-Neira, O.L., Gonzalez-Torres, Y.O., Perez-Rubiano, C.C., Martinez-Martinez, M.I., Nausa-Patino, Y.D., & Mora-Parada, J.M. (2020). Evaluation of the physicochemical, hygienic and microbiological quality of milk in a collection center in Boyaca-Colombia. Revista Cientifica-Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, 30 (2), 75-81.
55. Van Den Berg, J.C.T. (1988). Dairy technology in the tropics and subtropics. Pudoc. Wageningen, Netherlands, 290.
56. Vasil, M., Elecko, J., Farkašová, Z., & Zigo F. (2012). Diagnostic importance of the concentration of milk amyloid A in quarter milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis. Acta Veterinaria Brunensis, 81, 133-138. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201281020133
57. Yörükoğlu, A.B. (2019). İzmir’de yüksek kapasiteli bazı süt işleme tesislerine gelen inek sütlerinin bileşimi ve kalitesi ile bunların mevsim ve yöreye göre değişimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, 81 s.